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This book presents an overview of recent developments in the area of localization for quasi-periodic lattice Schrödinger operators and the theory of quasi-periodicity in Hamiltonian evolution equations. The physical motivation of these models extends back to the works of Rudolph Peierls and Douglas R. Hofstadter, and the models themselves have been a focus of mathematical research for two decades. Jean Bourgain here sets forth the results and techniques that have been discovered in the last few years. He puts special emphasis on so-called "non-perturbative" methods and the important role of subharmonic function theory and semi-algebraic set methods. He describes various applications to the theory of differential equations and dynamical systems, in particular to the quantum kicked rotor and KAM theory for nonlinear Hamiltonian evolution equations. Intended primarily for graduate students and researchers in the general area of dynamical systems and mathematical physics, the book provides a coherent account of a large body of work that is presently scattered in the literature. It does so in a refreshingly contained manner that seeks to convey the present technological "state of the art."

Schrödinger operator. --- Green's functions. --- Hamiltonian systems. --- Evolution equations. --- Evolutionary equations --- Equations, Evolution --- Equations of evolution --- Hamiltonian dynamical systems --- Systems, Hamiltonian --- Functions, Green's --- Functions, Induction --- Functions, Source --- Green functions --- Induction functions --- Source functions --- Operator, Schrödinger --- Differential equations --- Differentiable dynamical systems --- Potential theory (Mathematics) --- Differential operators --- Quantum theory --- Schrödinger equation --- Almost Mathieu operator. --- Analytic function. --- Anderson localization. --- Betti number. --- Cartan's theorem. --- Chaos theory. --- Density of states. --- Dimension (vector space). --- Diophantine equation. --- Dynamical system. --- Equation. --- Existential quantification. --- Fundamental matrix (linear differential equation). --- Green's function. --- Hamiltonian system. --- Hermitian adjoint. --- Infimum and supremum. --- Iterative method. --- Jacobi operator. --- Linear equation. --- Linear map. --- Linearization. --- Monodromy matrix. --- Non-perturbative. --- Nonlinear system. --- Normal mode. --- Parameter space. --- Parameter. --- Parametrization. --- Partial differential equation. --- Periodic boundary conditions. --- Phase space. --- Phase transition. --- Polynomial. --- Renormalization. --- Self-adjoint. --- Semialgebraic set. --- Special case. --- Statistical significance. --- Subharmonic function. --- Summation. --- Theorem. --- Theory. --- Transfer matrix. --- Transversality (mathematics). --- Trigonometric functions. --- Trigonometric polynomial. --- Uniformization theorem.

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This volume studies the dynamics of iterated holomorphic mappings from a Riemann surface to itself, concentrating on the classical case of rational maps of the Riemann sphere. This subject is large and rapidly growing. These lectures are intended to introduce some key ideas in the field, and to form a basis for further study. The reader is assumed to be familiar with the rudiments of complex variable theory and of two-dimensional differential geometry, as well as some basic topics from topology. This third edition contains a number of minor additions and improvements: A historical survey has been added, the definition of Lattés map has been made more inclusive, and the écalle-Voronin theory of parabolic points is described. The résidu itératif is studied, and the material on two complex variables has been expanded. Recent results on effective computability have been added, and the references have been expanded and updated. Written in his usual brilliant style, the author makes difficult mathematics look easy. This book is a very accessible source for much of what has been accomplished in the field.

Functions of complex variables --- Holomorphic mappings --- Riemann surfaces --- Fonctions d'une variable complexe --- Applications holomorphes --- Riemann, surfaces de --- Holomorphic mappings. --- Mappings, Holomorphic --- Functions of complex variables. --- Riemann surfaces. --- Surfaces, Riemann --- Functions --- Functions of several complex variables --- Mappings (Mathematics) --- Complex variables --- Elliptic functions --- Functions of real variables --- Absolute value. --- Addition. --- Algebraic equation. --- Attractor. --- Automorphism. --- Beltrami equation. --- Blaschke product. --- Boundary (topology). --- Branched covering. --- Coefficient. --- Compact Riemann surface. --- Compact space. --- Complex analysis. --- Complex number. --- Complex plane. --- Computation. --- Connected component (graph theory). --- Connected space. --- Constant function. --- Continued fraction. --- Continuous function. --- Coordinate system. --- Corollary. --- Covering space. --- Cross-ratio. --- Derivative. --- Diagram (category theory). --- Diameter. --- Diffeomorphism. --- Differentiable manifold. --- Disjoint sets. --- Disjoint union. --- Disk (mathematics). --- Division by zero. --- Equation. --- Euler characteristic. --- Existential quantification. --- Exponential map (Lie theory). --- Fundamental group. --- Harmonic function. --- Holomorphic function. --- Homeomorphism. --- Hyperbolic geometry. --- Inequality (mathematics). --- Integer. --- Inverse function. --- Irrational rotation. --- Iteration. --- Jordan curve theorem. --- Julia set. --- Lebesgue measure. --- Lecture. --- Limit point. --- Line segment. --- Linear map. --- Linearization. --- Mandelbrot set. --- Mathematical analysis. --- Maximum modulus principle. --- Metric space. --- Monotonic function. --- Montel's theorem. --- Normal family. --- Open set. --- Orbifold. --- Parameter space. --- Parameter. --- Periodic point. --- Point at infinity. --- Polynomial. --- Power series. --- Proper map. --- Quadratic function. --- Rational approximation. --- Rational function. --- Rational number. --- Real number. --- Riemann sphere. --- Riemann surface. --- Root of unity. --- Rotation number. --- Schwarz lemma. --- Scientific notation. --- Sequence. --- Simply connected space. --- Special case. --- Subgroup. --- Subsequence. --- Subset. --- Summation. --- Tangent space. --- Theorem. --- Topological space. --- Topology. --- Uniform convergence. --- Uniformization theorem. --- Unit circle. --- Unit disk. --- Upper half-plane. --- Winding number.

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The recent introduction of the Seiberg-Witten invariants of smooth four-manifolds has revolutionized the study of those manifolds. The invariants are gauge-theoretic in nature and are close cousins of the much-studied SU(2)-invariants defined over fifteen years ago by Donaldson. On a practical level, the new invariants have proved to be more powerful and have led to a vast generalization of earlier results. This book is an introduction to the Seiberg-Witten invariants. The work begins with a review of the classical material on Spin c structures and their associated Dirac operators. Next comes a discussion of the Seiberg-Witten equations, which is set in the context of nonlinear elliptic operators on an appropriate infinite dimensional space of configurations. It is demonstrated that the space of solutions to these equations, called the Seiberg-Witten moduli space, is finite dimensional, and its dimension is then computed. In contrast to the SU(2)-case, the Seiberg-Witten moduli spaces are shown to be compact. The Seiberg-Witten invariant is then essentially the homology class in the space of configurations represented by the Seiberg-Witten moduli space. The last chapter gives a flavor for the applications of these new invariants by computing the invariants for most Kahler surfaces and then deriving some basic toological consequences for these surfaces.

Four-manifolds (Topology) --- Seiberg-Witten invariants. --- Mathematical physics. --- Physical mathematics --- Physics --- Invariants --- 4-dimensional manifolds (Topology) --- 4-manifolds (Topology) --- Four dimensional manifolds (Topology) --- Manifolds, Four dimensional --- Low-dimensional topology --- Topological manifolds --- Mathematics --- Affine space. --- Affine transformation. --- Algebra bundle. --- Algebraic surface. --- Almost complex manifold. --- Automorphism. --- Banach space. --- Clifford algebra. --- Cohomology. --- Cokernel. --- Complex dimension. --- Complex manifold. --- Complex plane. --- Complex projective space. --- Complex vector bundle. --- Complexification (Lie group). --- Computation. --- Configuration space. --- Conjugate transpose. --- Covariant derivative. --- Curvature form. --- Curvature. --- Differentiable manifold. --- Differential topology. --- Dimension (vector space). --- Dirac equation. --- Dirac operator. --- Division algebra. --- Donaldson theory. --- Duality (mathematics). --- Eigenvalues and eigenvectors. --- Elliptic operator. --- Elliptic surface. --- Equation. --- Fiber bundle. --- Frenet–Serret formulas. --- Gauge fixing. --- Gauge theory. --- Gaussian curvature. --- Geometry. --- Group homomorphism. --- Hilbert space. --- Hodge index theorem. --- Homology (mathematics). --- Homotopy. --- Identity (mathematics). --- Implicit function theorem. --- Intersection form (4-manifold). --- Inverse function theorem. --- Isomorphism class. --- K3 surface. --- Kähler manifold. --- Levi-Civita connection. --- Lie algebra. --- Line bundle. --- Linear map. --- Linear space (geometry). --- Linearization. --- Manifold. --- Mathematical induction. --- Moduli space. --- Multiplication theorem. --- Neighbourhood (mathematics). --- One-form. --- Open set. --- Orientability. --- Orthonormal basis. --- Parameter space. --- Parametric equation. --- Parity (mathematics). --- Partial derivative. --- Principal bundle. --- Projection (linear algebra). --- Pullback (category theory). --- Quadratic form. --- Quaternion algebra. --- Quotient space (topology). --- Riemann surface. --- Riemannian manifold. --- Sard's theorem. --- Sign (mathematics). --- Sobolev space. --- Spin group. --- Spin representation. --- Spin structure. --- Spinor field. --- Subgroup. --- Submanifold. --- Surjective function. --- Symplectic geometry. --- Symplectic manifold. --- Tangent bundle. --- Tangent space. --- Tensor product. --- Theorem. --- Three-dimensional space (mathematics). --- Trace (linear algebra). --- Transversality (mathematics). --- Two-form. --- Zariski tangent space.

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This book is meant to give an account of recent developments in the theory of Plateau's problem for parametric minimal surfaces and surfaces of prescribed constant mean curvature ("H-surfaces") and its analytical framework. A comprehensive overview of the classical existence and regularity theory for disc-type minimal and H-surfaces is given and recent advances toward general structure theorems concerning the existence of multiple solutions are explored in full detail.The book focuses on the author's derivation of the Morse-inequalities and in particular the mountain-pass-lemma of Morse-Tompkins and Shiffman for minimal surfaces and the proof of the existence of large (unstable) H-surfaces (Rellich's conjecture) due to Brezis-Coron, Steffen, and the author. Many related results are covered as well. More than the geometric aspects of Plateau's problem (which have been exhaustively covered elsewhere), the author stresses the analytic side. The emphasis lies on the variational method.Originally published in 1989.The Princeton Legacy Library uses the latest print-on-demand technology to again make available previously out-of-print books from the distinguished backlist of Princeton University Press. These editions preserve the original texts of these important books while presenting them in durable paperback and hardcover editions. The goal of the Princeton Legacy Library is to vastly increase access to the rich scholarly heritage found in the thousands of books published by Princeton University Press since its founding in 1905.

Calculus of variations. --- Global analysis (Mathematics). --- Minimal surfaces. --- Plateau's problem. --- Global analysis (Mathematics) --- MATHEMATICS / Geometry / Differential. --- Analysis, Global (Mathematics) --- Differential topology --- Functions of complex variables --- Geometry, Algebraic --- Isoperimetrical problems --- Variations, Calculus of --- Maxima and minima --- Minimal surface problem --- Plateau problem --- Problem of Plateau --- Minimal surfaces --- Surfaces, Minimal --- Banach space. --- Bernhard Riemann. --- Big O notation. --- Boundary value problem. --- Branch point. --- C0. --- Closed geodesic. --- Compact space. --- Complex analysis. --- Complex number. --- Conformal map. --- Conjecture. --- Contradiction. --- Convex curve. --- Convex set. --- Differentiable function. --- Direct method in the calculus of variations. --- Dirichlet integral. --- Dirichlet problem. --- Embedding. --- Estimation. --- Euler–Lagrange equation. --- Existential quantification. --- Geometric measure theory. --- Global analysis. --- Jordan curve theorem. --- Linear differential equation. --- Mathematical analysis. --- Mathematical problem. --- Mathematician. --- Maximum principle. --- Mean curvature. --- Metric space. --- Minimal surface. --- Modulus of continuity. --- Morse theory. --- Nonparametric statistics. --- Normal (geometry). --- Parallel projection. --- Parameter space. --- Parametrization. --- Partial differential equation. --- Quadratic growth. --- Quantity. --- Riemann mapping theorem. --- Second derivative. --- Sign (mathematics). --- Special case. --- Surface area. --- Tangent space. --- Theorem. --- Total curvature. --- Uniform convergence. --- Variational method (quantum mechanics). --- Variational principle. --- W0. --- Weak solution.

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The study of exponential sums over finite fields, begun by Gauss nearly two centuries ago, has been completely transformed in recent years by advances in algebraic geometry, culminating in Deligne's work on the Weil Conjectures. It now appears as a very attractive mixture of algebraic geometry, representation theory, and the sheaf-theoretic incarnations of such standard constructions of classical analysis as convolution and Fourier transform. The book is simultaneously an account of some of these ideas, techniques, and results, and an account of their application to concrete equidistribution questions concerning Kloosterman sums and Gauss sums.

Group theory --- Algebraic geometry --- Number theory --- 511.33 --- Analytical and multiplicative number theory. Asymptotics. Sieves etc. --- 511.33 Analytical and multiplicative number theory. Asymptotics. Sieves etc. --- Gaussian sums --- Homology theory --- Kloosterman sums --- Monodromy groups --- Kloostermann sums --- Sums, Kloosterman --- Sums, Kloostermann --- Exponential sums --- Cohomology theory --- Contrahomology theory --- Algebraic topology --- Gauss sums --- Sums, Gaussian --- Analytical and multiplicative number theory. Asymptotics. Sieves etc --- Gaussian sums. --- Kloosterman sums. --- Homology theory. --- Monodromy groups. --- Number theory. --- Nombres, Théorie des. --- Exponential sums. --- Sommes exponentielles. --- Arithmetic --- Arithmétique --- Geometry, Algebraic. --- Géométrie algébrique --- Abelian category. --- Absolute Galois group. --- Absolute value. --- Additive group. --- Adjoint representation. --- Affine variety. --- Algebraic group. --- Automorphic form. --- Automorphism. --- Big O notation. --- Cartan subalgebra. --- Characteristic polynomial. --- Classification theorem. --- Coefficient. --- Cohomology. --- Cokernel. --- Combination. --- Commutator. --- Compactification (mathematics). --- Complex Lie group. --- Complex number. --- Conjugacy class. --- Continuous function. --- Convolution theorem. --- Convolution. --- Determinant. --- Diagonal matrix. --- Dimension (vector space). --- Direct sum. --- Dual basis. --- Eigenvalues and eigenvectors. --- Empty set. --- Endomorphism. --- Equidistribution theorem. --- Estimation. --- Exactness. --- Existential quantification. --- Exponential sum. --- Exterior algebra. --- Faithful representation. --- Finite field. --- Finite group. --- Four-dimensional space. --- Frobenius endomorphism. --- Fundamental group. --- Fundamental representation. --- Galois group. --- Gauss sum. --- Homomorphism. --- Integer. --- Irreducibility (mathematics). --- Isomorphism class. --- Kloosterman sum. --- L-function. --- Leray spectral sequence. --- Lie algebra. --- Lie theory. --- Maximal compact subgroup. --- Method of moments (statistics). --- Monodromy theorem. --- Monodromy. --- Morphism. --- Multiplicative group. --- Natural number. --- Nilpotent. --- Open problem. --- P-group. --- Pairing. --- Parameter space. --- Parameter. --- Partially ordered set. --- Perfect field. --- Point at infinity. --- Polynomial ring. --- Prime number. --- Quotient group. --- Representation ring. --- Representation theory. --- Residue field. --- Riemann hypothesis. --- Root of unity. --- Sheaf (mathematics). --- Simple Lie group. --- Skew-symmetric matrix. --- Smooth morphism. --- Special case. --- Spin representation. --- Subgroup. --- Support (mathematics). --- Symmetric matrix. --- Symplectic group. --- Symplectic vector space. --- Tensor product. --- Theorem. --- Trace (linear algebra). --- Trivial representation. --- Variable (mathematics). --- Weil conjectures. --- Weyl character formula. --- Zariski topology.