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Through contributions from a range of experts, facial plastic surgeons to head and neck oncologic reconstructive surgeons, this text addresses ways to evaluate all aspects of facial nerve paralysis: diagnosis, individual etiology and management, surgical procedures, as well as preferred reconstructive modalities.
Facial paralysis --- Bell's palsy --- Face --- Facial nerve --- Facial palsies --- Facial palsy --- Facioplegia --- Paralysis, Facial --- Surgery. --- Paralysis --- Movement disorders --- Diseases
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Facial paralysis. --- Bell's palsy --- Face --- Facial nerve --- Facial palsies --- Facial palsy --- Facioplegia --- Paralysis, Facial --- Paralysis --- Movement disorders --- Diseases
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The facial nerve (seventh cranial nerve) is the nerve of facial expression. It innervates all superficial muscles of the face and scalp, the contraction of which is responsible for all our numerous facial expressions like anger, pain, fear, smile, etc. Facial disfigurement resulting from facial nerve disorders can affect the physical, psychological, and emotional integrity of an individual. This might result in a social, occupational, and educational handicap. The facial nerve is one of the most common cranial nerves implicated by disorders. Common disorders involving the facial nerve include Bell's palsy, tumors, hemifacial spasm, and blepharospasm. Among these disorders, Bell's palsy is the commonest with an annual global incidence of 11.5-53.3 per 100,000 in different populations, and it accounts for approximately 60-75% of cases of acute unilateral facial paralysis with the right side being affected in 63% of cases.
Facial paralysis. --- Bell's palsy --- Face --- Facial nerve --- Facial palsies --- Facial palsy --- Facioplegia --- Paralysis, Facial --- Paralysis --- Movement disorders --- Diseases --- Otorhinolaryngology (ENT)
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The 7th cranial nerve, commonly known as the facial nerve, is a compound nerve having motor, parasympathetic and sensory components. Its motor portion innervates muscles for facial movement and expression. Facial paralysis is a common clinical condition that significantly impacts a patient's quality of life. Clinical evaluation is the primary diagnostic tool, and advanced imaging techniques are usually not needed. While a majority of patients with Bell's palsy recover spontaneously, patients are generally treated with a combination of steroids, antiviral drugs, and physiotherapy. In this book, experts discuss recent advances in the diagnosis and management of 7th cranial nerve paralysis, along with surgical options.
Facial paralysis --- Treatment. --- Diagnosis. --- Bell's palsy --- Face --- Facial nerve --- Facial palsies --- Facial palsy --- Facioplegia --- Paralysis, Facial --- Paralysis --- Movement disorders --- Diseases
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Facial paralysis. --- Bell's palsy --- Face --- Facial nerve --- Facial palsies --- Facial palsy --- Facioplegia --- Paralysis, Facial --- Paralysis --- Movement disorders --- Diseases --- Paràlisi facial --- Rehabilitació mèdica --- Rehabilitació de malalts --- Rehabilitació de pacients --- Reeducació (Medicina) --- Rehabilitació --- Exercici terapèutic --- Teràpia ocupacional --- Medicina física --- Paràlisi de Bell --- Prosopoplegia --- Paràlisi
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Using a combined morpho-functional approach the author found that polyinnervation of the neuro-muscular juction (NMJ) is the critical factor for recovery of function after transection and suture of the facial nerve. Since polyinnervation is activity-dependent and can be manipulated, the author tried to design a clinically feasible therapy by electrical stimulation or by soft tissue massage. First, electrical stimulation was applied to the transected facial nerve or to paralysed facial muscles. Both procedures did not improve vibrissal motor performance (video-based motion analysis of whisking), failed to diminish polyinnervation and even reduced the number of innervated NMJ to one fifth of normal values. In contrast, gentle stroking of the paralysed vibrissal muscles by hand resulted in full recovery of whisking. This manual stimulation depends on intact sensory supply of the denervated muscle targets and is also effective after hypoglossal-facial anastomosis, after interpositional nerve grafting, when applied to the orbicularis oculi muscle and after transection and suture of the hypoglossal nerve. From these results the author concludes that manual stimulation is a non-invasive procedure with immediate potential for clinical rehabilitation following facial nerve reconstruction.
Electronic books. -- local. --- Face -- Muscles -- Physical therapy. --- Facial paralysis -- Physical therapy. --- Stomatognathic System --- Paralysis --- Cranial Nerve Injuries --- Musculoskeletal Manipulations --- Physical Therapy Modalities --- Facial Nerve Diseases --- Therapeutics --- Biomedical Research --- Mouth Diseases --- Muscle, Skeletal --- Outcome and Process Assessment (Health Care) --- Health Care Evaluation Mechanisms --- Cranial Nerve Diseases --- Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment --- Research --- Quality of Health Care --- Neurologic Manifestations --- Craniocerebral Trauma --- Muscles --- Stomatognathic Diseases --- Anatomy --- Complementary Therapies --- Diseases --- Nervous System Diseases --- Science --- Trauma, Nervous System --- Health Services Administration --- Signs and Symptoms --- Wounds and Injuries --- Musculoskeletal System --- Health Care Quality, Access, and Evaluation --- Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms --- Natural Science Disciplines --- Health Care --- Disciplines and Occupations --- Facial Nerve Injuries --- Facial Muscles --- Facial Paralysis --- Outcome Assessment (Health Care) --- Electric Stimulation Therapy --- Massage --- Medicine --- Health & Biological Sciences --- Neurology --- Facial paralysis --- Face --- Physical therapy. --- Human face --- Bell's palsy --- Facial nerve --- Facial palsies --- Facial palsy --- Facioplegia --- Paralysis, Facial --- Medicine. --- Neurosciences. --- Biomedicine. --- Head --- Pathognomy --- Physiognomy --- Movement disorders --- Neural sciences --- Neurological sciences --- Neuroscience --- Medical sciences --- Nervous system
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Facial Paralysis. --- Bell's palsy --- Face --- Facial nerve --- Facial palsies --- Facial palsy --- Facioplegia --- Paralysis, Facial --- Paralysis --- Movement disorders --- Diseases --- Facial paralysis --- Facial Nerve Diseases --- Facial Paralysis --- Synkinesis --- Treatment. --- rehabilitation. --- therapy. --- Cranial Nerve VII Disorders --- Facial Nerve Disorders --- Facial Nerve Motor Disorders --- Facial Nerve Sensory Disorders --- Facial Neuritis --- Familial Facial Neuropathy --- Motor Disorders, Facial Nerve --- Sensory Disorders, Facial Nerve --- Seventh Cranial Nerve Diseases --- Acquired Facial Neuropathy --- Cranial Nerve VII Diseases --- Facial Myokymia --- Facial Neuropathy --- Geniculate Ganglionitis --- Acquired Facial Neuropathies --- Disease, Facial Nerve --- Diseases, Facial Nerve --- Disorder, Facial Nerve --- Disorders, Facial Nerve --- Facial Myokymias --- Facial Nerve Disease --- Facial Nerve Disorder --- Facial Neuritides --- Facial Neuropathies --- Facial Neuropathies, Acquired --- Facial Neuropathies, Familial --- Facial Neuropathy, Acquired --- Facial Neuropathy, Familial --- Familial Facial Neuropathies --- Ganglionitides, Geniculate --- Ganglionitis, Geniculate --- Geniculate Ganglionitides --- Myokymia, Facial --- Myokymias, Facial --- Neuritides, Facial --- Neuritis, Facial --- Neuropathies, Facial --- Neuropathies, Familial Facial --- Neuropathy, Facial --- Neuropathy, Familial Facial --- Diseases.
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