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Kinetic energy harvesters are a viable means of supplying low-power autonomous electronic systems for the remote sensing of operations. In this Special Issue, through twelve diverse contributions, some of the contemporary challenges, solutions and insights around the outlined issues are captured describing a variety of energy harvesting sources, as well as the need to create numerical and experimental evidence based around them. The breadth and interdisciplinarity of the sector are clearly observed, providing the basis for the development of new sensors, methods of measurement, and importantly, for their potential applications in a wide range of technical sectors.

energy harvester --- electromagnetic --- real vibration --- nonlinearities --- piezoelectric energy harvesting --- triboelectric energy harvesting --- low-frequency vibration energy harvesting --- direct-force generator --- vibration --- frequency-up conversion --- PVDF patches --- structural health monitoring --- sensing --- energy harvesting --- pipe leak detection --- computational fluid dynamics --- optimum sensor distribution --- electromagnetic energy harvester --- bi-stable oscillator --- load resistance optimization --- frequency response analysis --- harmonic balance method --- piezoelectric --- piezoelectric ceramic --- lead zirconate titanate (PZT) --- polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) --- efficiency --- efficiency measurement --- power conversion --- power flow --- vibrations --- analytical model --- beam model --- equivalent model --- power prediction --- Structural Health Monitoring --- damage detection --- macro fiber composites (MFC) --- damage sensitive feature --- finite element method (FEM) --- vibration energy-harvesting system --- hysteretic effect --- bistable oscillator --- bifurcation --- train --- electromagnetic transducer --- model --- test --- wireless sensor --- SMART materials --- magnetostriction --- Terfenol-D --- smart materials --- wireless sensors --- ultrasonic system --- n/a

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This book is a collation of articles published in the Special Issue "CESE-2019: Applications of Membranes" in the journal Sustainability. It contains a wide variety of topics such as the removal of trace organic contaminants using combined direct contact membrane distillation–UV photolysis; evaluating the feasibility of forward osmosis in diluting reverse osmosis concentrate; tailoring the effects of titanium dioxide (TiO2) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) in the separation and antifouling performance of thin-film composite polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membrane; enhancing the antibacterial properties of PVDF membrane by surface modification using TiO2 and silver nanoparticles; and reviews on membrane fouling in membrane bioreactor (MBR) systems and recent advances in the prediction of fouling in MBRs. The book is suitable for postgraduate students and researchers working in the field of membrane applications for treating aqueous solutions.

Technology: general issues --- History of engineering & technology --- membrane fouling --- influencing factors --- control method --- biofouling --- fertilizers --- flat sheet --- flux --- forward osmosis (FO) --- hollow fibre --- reverse osmosis (RO) --- polyvinylidene fluoride membrane (PVDF) --- titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2-NP) --- silver nanoparticles (AgNP) --- antibacterial property --- antifouling property --- photodegradation --- membrane distillation --- halide ions --- nitrate ions --- carbonate ions --- humic acid --- trace organic contaminants --- dip-coating --- dyes --- membrane --- nanocomposite --- polyvinylidene fluoride --- titanium dioxide --- artificial neural network --- mathematical model --- membrane bioreactor --- fouling prediction --- n/a

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This book is a collation of articles published in the Special Issue "CESE-2019: Applications of Membranes" in the journal Sustainability. It contains a wide variety of topics such as the removal of trace organic contaminants using combined direct contact membrane distillation–UV photolysis; evaluating the feasibility of forward osmosis in diluting reverse osmosis concentrate; tailoring the effects of titanium dioxide (TiO2) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) in the separation and antifouling performance of thin-film composite polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membrane; enhancing the antibacterial properties of PVDF membrane by surface modification using TiO2 and silver nanoparticles; and reviews on membrane fouling in membrane bioreactor (MBR) systems and recent advances in the prediction of fouling in MBRs. The book is suitable for postgraduate students and researchers working in the field of membrane applications for treating aqueous solutions.

membrane fouling --- influencing factors --- control method --- biofouling --- fertilizers --- flat sheet --- flux --- forward osmosis (FO) --- hollow fibre --- reverse osmosis (RO) --- polyvinylidene fluoride membrane (PVDF) --- titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2-NP) --- silver nanoparticles (AgNP) --- antibacterial property --- antifouling property --- photodegradation --- membrane distillation --- halide ions --- nitrate ions --- carbonate ions --- humic acid --- trace organic contaminants --- dip-coating --- dyes --- membrane --- nanocomposite --- polyvinylidene fluoride --- titanium dioxide --- artificial neural network --- mathematical model --- membrane bioreactor --- fouling prediction --- n/a

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Fossil fuels leaded the 21st century industrial revolution but caused some critical problems such as exhaustion of resources and global warming. Also, current power plants require too much high cost and long time for establishment and facilities to provide electricity. Thus, developing new power production systems with environmental friendliness and low-cost is critical global needs. There are some emerging energy harvesting technologies such as thermoelectric, piezoelectric, and triboelectric nanogenerators, which have great advantages on eco-friendly low-cost materials, simple fabrication, and various operating sources. Since the introduction of various energy harvesting technologies, many novel designs and applications as power suppliers and physical sensors in the world have been demonstrated based on their unique advantages. In this Special Issue, we would like to address and share basic approaches, new designs, and industrial applications related to thermoelectric, piezoelectric, and triboelectric devices which are on-going in Korea. With this Special Issue, we aim to promote fundamental understanding and to find novel ways to achieve industrial product manufacturing for energy harvesters.

triboelectric nanogenerators --- n/a --- carbon nanotube --- mesoporous composite polymer --- organic composites --- railroad vehicle --- rolling stock --- suspension system --- remnant polarization --- water wave energy --- oxygen vacancy --- energy harvesting --- PVDF --- thermoelectric --- high dielectric constant --- advanced driver assistance technology --- thin film --- sensor --- wireless chemical sensor --- energy-harvesting metamaterial --- metamaterial sensor --- thermoelectric generator --- nanoimprinting --- superhydrophobic surface --- layer-by-layer --- high deformability --- metal oxidation --- IoT technology --- TiO_2?x nanoparticle --- spray method --- piezoelectric --- graphene --- shock absorber --- ferroelectric --- frictional force --- axle bearing --- femtosecond laser --- carbon nanotubes --- mechanical energy --- polymers --- mechanical fatigue resistance --- gapless --- power factor --- nanostructures --- triboelectric generator --- hybrid energy --- microstructures --- triboelectric nanogenerator

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Fossil fuels leaded the 21st century industrial revolution but caused some critical problems such as exhaustion of resources and global warming. Also, current power plants require too much high cost and long time for establishment and facilities to provide electricity. Thus, developing new power production systems with environmental friendliness and low-cost is critical global needs. There are some emerging energy harvesting technologies such as thermoelectric, piezoelectric, and triboelectric nanogenerators, which have great advantages on eco-friendly low-cost materials, simple fabrication, and various operating sources. Since the introduction of various energy harvesting technologies, many novel designs and applications as power suppliers and physical sensors in the world have been demonstrated based on their unique advantages. In this Special Issue, we would like to address and share basic approaches, new designs, and industrial applications related to thermoelectric, piezoelectric, and triboelectric devices which are on-going in Korea. With this Special Issue, we aim to promote fundamental understanding and to find novel ways to achieve industrial product manufacturing for energy harvesters.

triboelectric nanogenerators --- n/a --- carbon nanotube --- mesoporous composite polymer --- organic composites --- railroad vehicle --- rolling stock --- suspension system --- remnant polarization --- water wave energy --- oxygen vacancy --- energy harvesting --- PVDF --- thermoelectric --- high dielectric constant --- advanced driver assistance technology --- thin film --- sensor --- wireless chemical sensor --- energy-harvesting metamaterial --- metamaterial sensor --- thermoelectric generator --- nanoimprinting --- superhydrophobic surface --- layer-by-layer --- high deformability --- metal oxidation --- IoT technology --- TiO_2?x nanoparticle --- spray method --- piezoelectric --- graphene --- shock absorber --- ferroelectric --- frictional force --- axle bearing --- femtosecond laser --- carbon nanotubes --- mechanical energy --- polymers --- mechanical fatigue resistance --- gapless --- power factor --- nanostructures --- triboelectric generator --- hybrid energy --- microstructures --- triboelectric nanogenerator