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This book comprises five peer-reviewed articles covering original research articles on the modeling and simulation of electricity systems for transport and energy storage. The topics include: 1 - Optimal siting and sizing methodology to design an energy storage system (ESS) for railway lines; 2 - Technical–economic comparison between a 3 kV DC railway and the use of trains with on-board storage systems; 3 - How to improve electrical feeding substations, by changing transformer technology and by installing dedicated high-power-oriented storage systems; 4 - Algorithm applied to a vehicle-to-grid (V2G) technology. 5 - Thermal investigation and optimization of an air-cooled lithium-ion battery pack.

History of engineering & technology --- thermal management system --- optimal configuration --- air-cooling --- lithium-ion battery --- electric vehicles (EVs) --- photovoltaic (PV) systems --- vehicle-to-grid (V2G) --- smart grids (SGs) --- peak shaving --- amorphous transformer --- energy storage --- failure --- feeding substation --- tramway --- optimization --- energy storage system (ESS) --- siting --- sizing --- regenerative braking --- particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm --- net present value (NPV) --- railway network --- railway system --- lithium batteries --- supercapacitor --- Simulink --- catenary-free --- thermal management system --- optimal configuration --- air-cooling --- lithium-ion battery --- electric vehicles (EVs) --- photovoltaic (PV) systems --- vehicle-to-grid (V2G) --- smart grids (SGs) --- peak shaving --- amorphous transformer --- energy storage --- failure --- feeding substation --- tramway --- optimization --- energy storage system (ESS) --- siting --- sizing --- regenerative braking --- particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm --- net present value (NPV) --- railway network --- railway system --- lithium batteries --- supercapacitor --- Simulink --- catenary-free

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Photovoltaic solar energy technology (PV) has been developing rapidly in the past decades, leading to a multi-billion-dollar global market. It is of paramount importance that PV systems function properly, which requires the generation of expected energy both for small-scale systems that consist of a few solar modules and for very large-scale systems containing millions of modules. This book increases the understanding of the issues relevant to PV system design and correlated performance; moreover, it contains research from scholars across the globe in the fields of data analysis and data mapping for the optimal performance of PV systems, faults analysis, various causes for energy loss, and design and integration issues. The chapters in this book demonstrate the importance of designing and properly monitoring photovoltaic systems in the field in order to ensure continued good performance.

fault diagnosis --- modeling --- simulation --- fault tree analysis --- photovoltaic system --- Bartlett’s test --- metaheuristic --- population density --- spatial analyses --- AC parameters --- parameter estimation --- fiber reinforced polymeric plastic (FRP) --- Hartigan’s dip test --- energy --- image processing --- real data --- photovoltaic (PV) systems monitoring --- forecast --- photovoltaic plants --- system --- graphical malfunction detection --- defects --- STATCOM --- photo-generated current --- performance analysis --- photovoltaic module performance --- solar energy --- urban context --- thermal interaction --- underdamped oscillation --- reliability --- membership algorithm --- photovoltaic systems --- availability --- fuzzy logic controller --- ANOVA --- solar farm --- energy yield --- cluster analysis --- photovoltaics --- annual yield --- residential buildings --- PV array --- PV system --- dc-dc converter --- quasi-opposition based learning --- grid-connected --- performance ratio --- organic soiling --- vegetated/green roof --- conventional roof membrane --- UV-fluorescence imaging --- PV thermal performance --- PV systems --- failure mode and effect analysis --- ageing and degradation of PV-modules --- sheet molding compound FRP --- Jarque-Bera’s test --- Tukey’s test --- technical costs --- Kruskal-Wallis’ test --- improved cuckoo search algorithm --- PV energy performance --- pultruded FRP --- cracks --- maximum power point tracking (MPPT) --- structural design --- software development --- floating PV generation structure --- malfunction detection --- modules --- photovoltaic performance --- maximum power point --- GIS --- impedance spectroscopy --- floating PV systems (FPV) --- solar cells --- Renewable Energy --- loss analysis --- shade resilience --- Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) --- failure detection --- optimization problem --- failure rates --- FCM algorithm --- stability analysis --- reactive power support --- mooring system --- buck converter --- Mood’s Median test --- photovoltaic modeling --- module architecture --- PV module --- data analysis --- partial shading --- opposition-based learning --- silicon --- floating PV module (FPVM) --- electroluminescence --- urban compactness

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This Special Issue summarizes, in a single reference, timely emerging topics related to power electronics for sustainable energy conversion. Furthermore, at the same time, it provides the reader with valuable information related to open research opportunity niches.

Technology: general issues --- History of engineering & technology --- Energy industries & utilities --- constant power load --- boost converter --- discontinuous conduction mode --- nonlinear control --- switched system --- fractional-order PID controller --- DC–DC converters --- Non-minimum phase systems --- experimental validation --- renewable energy sources --- dc-dc power electronic converters --- energy efficiency --- switching DC-DC converters --- quadratic converter --- PV systems --- fuel cell --- new equivalent electrical model of fuel cell --- PEMFC NEXA 1200 --- comparative study --- multilevel inverter --- power electronics --- staircase modulation --- vector modulation --- ultrawide bandgap --- semiconductors --- neutral point clamped --- inverter --- silicon --- gallium trioxide --- fabrication --- hybridization --- PV generation --- space vector modulation --- transformerless inverters --- grid connection --- leakage ground current --- wind turbine generator (WTG) --- permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) --- low voltage ride-through (LVRT) --- silicon carbide (SiC)-based inverter --- core losses methods --- power losses --- ferromagnetic material --- inductors --- transformers --- n/a --- DC-DC converters

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Power converters and electric machines represent essential components in all fields of electrical engineering. In fact, we are heading towards a future where energy will be more and more electrical: electrical vehicles, electrical motors, renewables, storage systems are now widespread. The ongoing energy transition poses new challenges for interfacing and integrating different power systems. The constraints of space, weight, reliability, performance, and autonomy for the electric system have increased the attention of scientific research in order to find more and more appropriate technological solutions. In this context, power converters and electric machines assume a key role in enabling higher performance of electrical power conversion. Consequently, the design and control of power converters and electric machines shall be developed accordingly to the requirements of the specific application, thus leading to more specialized solutions, with the aim of enhancing the reliability, fault tolerance, and flexibility of the next generation power systems.

Technology: general issues --- Energy industries & utilities --- power systems for renewable energy --- fault-tolerant photovoltaic inverter --- islanding detection --- energy storage system --- DC/AC converter --- voltage-source --- multilevel inverter --- PV systems --- neutral point clamped inverter --- flying capacitor inverter --- cascaded inverter --- renewable energy systems --- ultra-fast chargers --- input-series input-parallel output-series output-parallel multimodule converter --- cross feedback output current sharing --- reflex charging --- digital twin --- doubly-fed induction generator, electrical machines --- finite elements method --- monitoring --- real-time --- wound rotor induction machine --- subsynchronous control interaction --- super-twisting sliding mode --- variable-gain --- doubly fed induction generator --- photovoltaic system --- grid --- sliding mode control --- synergetic control --- fractional-order control --- converter–machine association --- direct drive machine --- Permanent Magnet Vernier Machine --- synchronous generator --- wind energy system for domestic applications --- renewable energy --- adaptive --- fuzzy --- feedback linearization --- photovoltaic (PV) grid inverter --- voltage source inverter (VSI) --- doubly-fed induction generator --- wind power system --- sensorless control --- full order observer --- field oriented control --- grid connected system --- lithium batteries --- los minimization --- Modular Multilevel Converters --- optimization methods

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The Building sector requires a conspicuous considerable amount of energy for services related to annual air-conditioning and the thermal comfort of indoor spaces. The design of highly efficient low-energy buildings is often a challenging task, especially in the mediterranean area, where the balanced requirement for heating and cooling energy does not usually permit a high level of envelope insulation in order to avoid summer overheating. This topical Special Issue of Energies is dedicated to “High Efficient Buildings in Mediterranean Area: Challenges and Perspectives” and collects studies related to the assessment and evaluation of systems and technologies for building energy management and control in the Mediterranean climate, with the aim of optimizing the building–plant system and reducing energy use. This collection of papers presents the latest research results related to the topic; these articles offer valuable insights into the energy simulation of highly efficient buildings, propose innovative envelope solutions, such as green roofs, Trombe walls, and PCM, and investigate the use of renewable sources such as photovoltaic systems. The topics also include the innovative use and control of Venetian blinds and fixed solar shades in order to reduce energy consumption and preserve visual comfort, as well as an interesting economic analysis based on the cost-optimal approach.

nZEB --- photovoltaics --- geothermal energy system --- energy storage units --- energy transactions --- life cycle cost assessment --- payback period --- building design --- cost-optimal analysis --- BEopt --- economic projections --- smart solar shading --- energy saving --- venetian blinds --- trombe wall --- experimental analysis --- solar gains --- PCM thermal storage --- bioclimatic strategy --- traditional constructive technology --- wine vinification --- energetic retrofit --- shading systems --- multi-objective optimization --- energy savings --- visual comfort --- renewable energy sources --- PV systems configurations --- energy storage --- net present value --- emission reduction --- weather data --- typical weather year --- building energy simulations --- residential building --- energy demand --- energy efficiency policy --- nearly zero energy building --- Positive Energy Building --- energy performance of buildings --- thermal behaviour --- thermal dynamic simulation --- prefabricated buildings --- SUPRIM --- EnergyPlus --- building energy performance --- phase change materials --- green roof --- measurements --- thermal behavior --- monitoring --- dynamic model