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Lipids represent the major players in marine organisms as the major constituents of biological membranes, with key roles in biological processes and acclimation to environmental changes. New research trends aim to contribute to improving knowledge on the role lipids in the biological matrix, understanding the impact of climate change in marine organisms, and developing new tools for chemophenotyping, traceability, and biomarkers of trophic chains in marine ecosystems, such that the nutritional value or prospective bioactive compounds can be disclosed for health applications. “Lipids in the Ocean 2021” (http://lipids2021.web.ua.pt) was originally planned to be held at the University of Aveiro and ran from 5 to 7 July 2021 (and was ultimately an online conference due to uncertainties regarding the COVID-19 situation). The aim was to go in deep into research interests covering topics related to lipids from marine organisms, such as marine lipidomics, lipids as biomarkers in trophic webs, green lipids from the ocean (seaweeds, microalgae, and macrophytes), marine lipid biotechnology, and seafood traceability using lipids—from basic research to sustainable production and applications in the food, nutraceutics, feed, cosmetics, and pharma industries. This Special Issue welcomed not only attendees of “Lipids in the Ocean 2021” to publish their latest research outcomes but also all researchers in relevant fields to share their exciting works with the community.

Public health & preventive medicine --- fatty acids --- fungal endophytes --- laminariales --- Paradendryphiella salina --- brown adipose tissue --- browning --- energy expenditure --- n-3 fatty acid --- uncoupling protein --- white adipose tissue --- krill oil --- omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids --- bioavailability --- nutraceuticals --- dietary supplements --- dietary resource --- Mytilus galloprovincialis --- Crassostrea gigas --- diatom --- competition --- biofouling --- EPA --- DHA --- aquafeeds --- n-3/n-6 ratio --- n-3 PUFA --- IMTA --- powdered fish oil --- docosahexaenoic acid --- chitosan nanoparticles --- encapsulation efficiency --- loading capacity --- TGA --- FTIR --- oxidative stability --- algae --- bioactivity --- glycolipids --- lipidomics --- macroalgae --- phospholipids --- seaweeds --- long-chain PUFA synthesis --- desaturases --- elongases --- PKS pathway --- 20:5n-3 (EPA) --- 22:6n-3 (DHA) --- Tisochrysis lutea --- 13C artificial enrichment --- Crypthecodinium cohnii --- omega-3 fatty acid --- biomass recycling --- dinoflagellate extract --- FTIR spectroscopy --- Krebs cycle --- central metabolism --- kinetic model --- constraint-based model --- fatty acids --- fungal endophytes --- laminariales --- Paradendryphiella salina --- brown adipose tissue --- browning --- energy expenditure --- n-3 fatty acid --- uncoupling protein --- white adipose tissue --- krill oil --- omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids --- bioavailability --- nutraceuticals --- dietary supplements --- dietary resource --- Mytilus galloprovincialis --- Crassostrea gigas --- diatom --- competition --- biofouling --- EPA --- DHA --- aquafeeds --- n-3/n-6 ratio --- n-3 PUFA --- IMTA --- powdered fish oil --- docosahexaenoic acid --- chitosan nanoparticles --- encapsulation efficiency --- loading capacity --- TGA --- FTIR --- oxidative stability --- algae --- bioactivity --- glycolipids --- lipidomics --- macroalgae --- phospholipids --- seaweeds --- long-chain PUFA synthesis --- desaturases --- elongases --- PKS pathway --- 20:5n-3 (EPA) --- 22:6n-3 (DHA) --- Tisochrysis lutea --- 13C artificial enrichment --- Crypthecodinium cohnii --- omega-3 fatty acid --- biomass recycling --- dinoflagellate extract --- FTIR spectroscopy --- Krebs cycle --- central metabolism --- kinetic model --- constraint-based model

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Lipids represent the major players in marine organisms as the major constituents of biological membranes, with key roles in biological processes and acclimation to environmental changes. New research trends aim to contribute to improving knowledge on the role lipids in the biological matrix, understanding the impact of climate change in marine organisms, and developing new tools for chemophenotyping, traceability, and biomarkers of trophic chains in marine ecosystems, such that the nutritional value or prospective bioactive compounds can be disclosed for health applications. “Lipids in the Ocean 2021” (http://lipids2021.web.ua.pt) was originally planned to be held at the University of Aveiro and ran from 5 to 7 July 2021 (and was ultimately an online conference due to uncertainties regarding the COVID-19 situation). The aim was to go in deep into research interests covering topics related to lipids from marine organisms, such as marine lipidomics, lipids as biomarkers in trophic webs, green lipids from the ocean (seaweeds, microalgae, and macrophytes), marine lipid biotechnology, and seafood traceability using lipids—from basic research to sustainable production and applications in the food, nutraceutics, feed, cosmetics, and pharma industries. This Special Issue welcomed not only attendees of “Lipids in the Ocean 2021” to publish their latest research outcomes but also all researchers in relevant fields to share their exciting works with the community.

fatty acids --- fungal endophytes --- laminariales --- Paradendryphiella salina --- brown adipose tissue --- browning --- energy expenditure --- n-3 fatty acid --- uncoupling protein --- white adipose tissue --- krill oil --- omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids --- bioavailability --- nutraceuticals --- dietary supplements --- dietary resource --- Mytilus galloprovincialis --- Crassostrea gigas --- diatom --- competition --- biofouling --- EPA --- DHA --- aquafeeds --- n-3/n-6 ratio --- n-3 PUFA --- IMTA --- powdered fish oil --- docosahexaenoic acid --- chitosan nanoparticles --- encapsulation efficiency --- loading capacity --- TGA --- FTIR --- oxidative stability --- algae --- bioactivity --- glycolipids --- lipidomics --- macroalgae --- phospholipids --- seaweeds --- long-chain PUFA synthesis --- desaturases --- elongases --- PKS pathway --- 20:5n-3 (EPA) --- 22:6n-3 (DHA) --- Tisochrysis lutea --- 13C artificial enrichment --- Crypthecodinium cohnii --- omega-3 fatty acid --- biomass recycling --- dinoflagellate extract --- FTIR spectroscopy --- Krebs cycle --- central metabolism --- kinetic model --- constraint-based model

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The search for dietary patterns or food bioactive derivatives that may serve as a panacea for health issues has been a topic of interest for several millennia. It is not surprising that this trend in food research is continuing today particularly in relation to brain and cardiometabolic health, given the huge burden they pose on human health, with no geographical boundaries. Currently, there is an increasing demand for ‘pure’ and ‘clean’ foods as well as potent bioactive ingredients that can promote beneficial health outcomes. Several studies, including in vitro investigations, clinical trials, and observational studies related to food and nutritional patterns have already identified, proposed, and in some cases challenged the mechanisms of action of these foods and food ingredients. The book “Food bioactives and impact on brain and cardiometabolic health findings from in vitro to human studies” has gathered innovative, high-quality research manuscripts (letters to the editor, original research and review papers) on bioactive constituents of foods and dietary patterns which can directly impact upon brain and cardiometabolic health. These manuscripts reporting on different areas of this research field, from the description of new conceptual ideas, mechanisms of action, and structural modelling to clinical trials and observational studies.

Research & information: general --- Biology, life sciences --- black Africans --- blood pressure --- hypertension --- long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids --- longitudinal study --- nutritional transition --- PUFA --- licorice --- glycyrrhizin --- glycyrrhetinic acid --- glabridin --- 11-β-dehydrogenase isozyme 2 --- hyperaldosteronism --- hypokalemia --- L-Theanine --- amino acid --- green tea --- bioactive --- functional food --- heart rate variability --- cardiometabolic effect --- child --- cerebral palsy --- diet modification --- motor development delay --- nutrition disorder --- nutritional support --- trans-ε-viniferin --- resveratrol --- neuroprotection --- oxidative stress --- dopamine --- apotosis --- neuroinflammation --- Parkinson’s disease --- n/a --- Parkinson's disease

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The sustainable exploitation of marine biodiversity is one structural column of the “blue economy”, and the discovery of new compounds and materials to be used in biomedicine is considered one of the most strategic activities, within an economic context. An exhaustive selection of the different typologies of approaches used by marine biotechnologists to develop research on these topics are demonstrated in the eight original articles and two reviews comprising this Special Issue. The reported scientific publications describe the discovery of new compounds for cancer therapy or for the control of bacterial virulence. Different new uses of marine chitin or chitosan-based materials are also shown for the first time, as well as novel green techniques for the extraction of compounds from marine algae or from fishery waste, which are described in the two reviews.

Technology: general issues --- Extracellular Polymeric Substances --- hydrogel --- mesenchymal stem cells --- biomaterials --- enzyme --- omega 3 --- PUFA --- Trichormus variabilis --- Cyanobacteria --- mechanochemical synthesis --- chitosan --- laser stereolithography --- long-term stability --- scaffold --- tissue reaction --- chitin --- scaffolds --- biological materials --- demosponges --- Pseudoceratina arabica --- microalgae --- biodiversity --- bioactive compounds --- green extractions --- pharmaceutical --- secondary metabolites --- biofuels --- antibiofilm --- fucoidan --- motility --- nanoparticles --- Pseudomonas aeruginosa --- virulence factors --- n-3 fatty acids --- brain --- α-Chitin --- prodigiosin --- anti-tumors --- Serratia marcescens --- bioprocessing --- echinochrome A --- estradiol --- extracellular matrix --- vocal fold --- ovariectomy --- marine polymers --- ionic liquids --- tissue engineering --- membranes --- hydrogels --- sponges --- Chondrosin --- Chondrosia reniformis --- marine toxin --- cytotoxic protein --- Porifera --- marine --- microbes --- cancer --- prevention --- therapy --- in vitro --- in vivo --- clinical studies

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The sustainable exploitation of marine biodiversity is one structural column of the “blue economy”, and the discovery of new compounds and materials to be used in biomedicine is considered one of the most strategic activities, within an economic context. An exhaustive selection of the different typologies of approaches used by marine biotechnologists to develop research on these topics are demonstrated in the eight original articles and two reviews comprising this Special Issue. The reported scientific publications describe the discovery of new compounds for cancer therapy or for the control of bacterial virulence. Different new uses of marine chitin or chitosan-based materials are also shown for the first time, as well as novel green techniques for the extraction of compounds from marine algae or from fishery waste, which are described in the two reviews.

Technology: general issues --- Extracellular Polymeric Substances --- hydrogel --- mesenchymal stem cells --- biomaterials --- enzyme --- omega 3 --- PUFA --- Trichormus variabilis --- Cyanobacteria --- mechanochemical synthesis --- chitosan --- laser stereolithography --- long-term stability --- scaffold --- tissue reaction --- chitin --- scaffolds --- biological materials --- demosponges --- Pseudoceratina arabica --- microalgae --- biodiversity --- bioactive compounds --- green extractions --- pharmaceutical --- secondary metabolites --- biofuels --- antibiofilm --- fucoidan --- motility --- nanoparticles --- Pseudomonas aeruginosa --- virulence factors --- n-3 fatty acids --- brain --- α-Chitin --- prodigiosin --- anti-tumors --- Serratia marcescens --- bioprocessing --- echinochrome A --- estradiol --- extracellular matrix --- vocal fold --- ovariectomy --- marine polymers --- ionic liquids --- tissue engineering --- membranes --- hydrogels --- sponges --- Chondrosin --- Chondrosia reniformis --- marine toxin --- cytotoxic protein --- Porifera --- marine --- microbes --- cancer --- prevention --- therapy --- in vitro --- in vivo --- clinical studies --- Extracellular Polymeric Substances --- hydrogel --- mesenchymal stem cells --- biomaterials --- enzyme --- omega 3 --- PUFA --- Trichormus variabilis --- Cyanobacteria --- mechanochemical synthesis --- chitosan --- laser stereolithography --- long-term stability --- scaffold --- tissue reaction --- chitin --- scaffolds --- biological materials --- demosponges --- Pseudoceratina arabica --- microalgae --- biodiversity --- bioactive compounds --- green extractions --- pharmaceutical --- secondary metabolites --- biofuels --- antibiofilm --- fucoidan --- motility --- nanoparticles --- Pseudomonas aeruginosa --- virulence factors --- n-3 fatty acids --- brain --- α-Chitin --- prodigiosin --- anti-tumors --- Serratia marcescens --- bioprocessing --- echinochrome A --- estradiol --- extracellular matrix --- vocal fold --- ovariectomy --- marine polymers --- ionic liquids --- tissue engineering --- membranes --- hydrogels --- sponges --- Chondrosin --- Chondrosia reniformis --- marine toxin --- cytotoxic protein --- Porifera --- marine --- microbes --- cancer --- prevention --- therapy --- in vitro --- in vivo --- clinical studies