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This Special Issue on “Blood-Derived Products for Tissue Repair and Regeneration” reveals the evolution and diversity of platelet rich plasma (PRP) technologies, which includes experimental research on novel formulations, the creation of combination therapies, and the exploration of potential modifiers of PRPs, as well as efficacy of PRP therapies in clinical veterinary and human applications. Scientist and clinicians are now starting to develop different treatments based on their reinterpretation of the traditional roles of platelets and plasma, and the current Issue has provided a forum for sharing research and ways of understanding the associated medicinal benefits from different points of view. The research interest in this area has covered different medical disciplines, such as ophthalmology, dentistry, orthopedics, and sports medicine.

n/a --- biomaterial --- redifferentiation --- regenerative medicine --- skeletal muscle regeneration --- furcation defects --- Platelet-Rich Plasma (PRP) --- PRP --- fracture --- fibrin sealant --- periodontal surgery --- bone regeneration --- serum derived from plasma rich in growth factors (s-PRGF) --- cartilage repair --- myofibroblasts --- autologous platelet concentrates --- burns --- satellite cells --- articular cartilage --- stem cell niche --- wound healing --- quantification --- growth factors --- biologics --- platelet rich plasma --- meniscus --- adipose tissue --- Carprofen --- platelet-rich fibrin --- platelets --- hyperacute serum --- bone defects --- serum eye drops --- corneal epithelial defect --- fibrosis --- dog --- myoblasts --- differentiation --- chronic meniscal lesion --- horizontal meniscal tear --- PRGF --- collagen hydrogels --- periodontal defects --- bone grafting material --- composition --- cell therapy --- bone healing --- tissue healing --- trephination --- plasma rich plasma (PRP) --- bone repair --- plasma rich in growth factors --- knee arthrosis --- meniscus tear --- cornea regeneration --- wrist osteoarthritis --- periosteal sheet --- Platelet-Poor Plasma (PPP) --- platelet-rich plasma --- microfat --- bone grafting --- hyaluronic acid (NaHA) --- periodontal regeneration --- meniscus repair --- photobiomodulation therapy --- growth --- myogenesis --- blood derived products --- low-level laser therapy

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Macroeconomic outcomes in low-income countries (LICs) have improved markedly in recent years, but important questions remain regarding possible adjustments in the design of IMF-supported programs in such countries. This paper draws on a review of the literature as well as the experience of 15 LICs that have attained some degree of macroeconomic stability to discuss, for example, the appropriate target range for inflation in shock-prone LICs; whether countries should use fiscal space to cut excessive tax burdens, reduce high debt levels, or raise public spending; and how the effectiveness of public expenditures can be improved.

Social stratification --- Money. Monetary policy --- Developing countries --- Monetary policy --- Fiscal policy --- Inflation (Finance) --- Poverty Reduction and Growth Facility (International Monetary Fund) --- -Fiscal policy --- -Poverty Reduction and Growth Facility (International Monetary Fund) --- -politique monetaire --- fiscaal beleid --- ontwikkelingslanden --- LDC / Developping Countries - Pays En Développement --- 333.81 --- 336.61 --- 330.05 --- 339.5091724 --- Tax policy --- Taxation --- Economic policy --- Finance, Public --- Monetary management --- Currency boards --- Money supply --- monetair beleid --- politique fiscale --- pays en voie de developpement --- Algemene evolutie van de kapitaalmarkt. --- Financieel beleid. --- Government policy --- Working papers --- Poverty Reduction and Growth Facility (International Monetary Fund). --- politique monetaire --- Algemene evolutie van de kapitaalmarkt --- Financieel beleid --- International Monetary Fund. --- PRGF --- Facilité de réduction de la pauvreté et de croissance (International Monetary Fund) --- FRPC --- Monetary policy - Developing countries --- Fiscal policy - Developing countries --- Inflation (Finance) - Developing countries --- Exports and Imports --- Inflation --- Money and Monetary Policy --- Public Finance --- Social Services and Welfare --- Price Level --- Deflation --- Monetary Policy, Central Banking, and the Supply of Money and Credit: General --- Debt --- Debt Management --- Sovereign Debt --- National Government Expenditures and Related Policies: General --- Taxation, Subsidies, and Revenue: General --- Public finance & taxation --- Macroeconomics --- Monetary economics --- International economics --- Social welfare & social services --- Monetary base --- Public debt --- Expenditure --- Revenue administration --- Prices --- Money --- Debts, Public --- Expenditures, Public --- Revenue --- Ethiopia, The Federal Democratic Republic of

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This paper discusses key findings of the Second Review Under the Poverty Reduction and Growth Facility (PRGF) for the Republic of Congo. Policy implementation through the first half of 2009 was satisfactory. All quantitative performance criteria and all but one of the structural benchmarks were met. The non-oil basic primary deficit target for end-June was observed by a comfortable margin. Progress toward observing the Heavily Indebted Poor Countries (HIPC) floating completion point triggers has accelerated recently, and the authorities are making a strong effort to reach the completion point by year-end.

Economic assistance, Domestic --- Poverty --- Fiscal policy --- Foreign exchange rates --- Monetary policy --- Poverty Reduction and Growth Facility (International Monetary Fund) --- International Monetary Fund --- Congo (Democratic Republic) --- Economic policy. --- Economic conditions. --- Monetary management --- Economic policy --- Currency boards --- Money supply --- Exchange rates --- Fixed exchange rates --- Flexible exchange rates --- Floating exchange rates --- Fluctuating exchange rates --- Foreign exchange --- Rates of exchange --- Tax policy --- Taxation --- Finance, Public --- Destitution --- Wealth --- Basic needs --- Begging --- Poor --- Subsistence economy --- Anti-poverty programs --- Government economic assistance --- National service --- Grants-in-aid --- Rates --- Government policy --- Internationaal monetair fonds --- International monetary fund --- International Monetary Fund. --- PRGF --- Facilité de réduction de la pauvreté et de croissance (International Monetary Fund) --- FRPC --- Financial Risk Management --- Macroeconomics --- Public Finance --- Statistics --- Industries: Energy --- National Government Expenditures and Related Policies: General --- Debt --- Debt Management --- Sovereign Debt --- Nonrenewable Resources and Conservation: General --- Data Collection and Data Estimation Methodology --- Computer Programs: Other --- Current Account Adjustment --- Short-term Capital Movements --- Public finance & taxation --- Econometrics & economic statistics --- Petroleum, oil & gas industries --- Finance --- Oil sector --- Balance of payments statistics --- Public financial management (PFM) --- Expenditure --- Government finance statistics --- Economic sectors --- Economic and financial statistics --- Public debt --- Petroleum industry and trade --- Balance of payments --- Expenditures, Public --- Congo, Democratic Republic of the