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Standalone (off-grid) renewable energy systems supply electricity in places where there is no access to a standard electrical grid. These systems may include photovoltaic generators, wind turbines, hydro turbines or any other renewable electrical generator. Usually, this kind of system includes electricity storage (commonly lead-acid batteries, but also other types of storage can be used). In some cases, a backup generator (usually powered by fossil fuel, diesel or gasoline) is part of the hybrid system. The modelling of the components, the control of the system and the simulation of the performance of the whole system are necessary to evaluate the system technically and economically. The optimization of the sizing and/or the control is also an important task in this kind of system.

Research & information: general --- renewable energy --- low-temperature energy storage --- SOC --- simulation --- sustainability --- greenhouse gas emission --- economic feasibility --- photovoltaic systems --- MPPT --- partial shading condition --- transfer reinforcement learning --- space decomposition --- microgrids --- energy management --- optimization --- photovoltaic --- energy storage --- demand response program (DRP) --- photovoltaic system (PV) --- pumped heat energy storage (PHES) --- critical peak pricing (CPP) DRP --- time-ahead dynamic pricing (TADP) DRP --- loss of power supply probability (LPSP) --- energy storage system (ESS) --- Multi-Objective Particle Swarm Optimization (MOPSO) --- pitch control --- permanent magnet-synchronous generator (PMSG) --- limit extracted power --- nonlinear adaptive control (NAC) --- perturbation observer --- vanadium redox flow battery --- genetic algorithm --- binary particle swarm optimization --- time-varying mirrored S-shaped transfer function --- greenhouse gas emissions --- heliostat --- sun tracking --- solar energy --- embedded system --- fuzzy logic control --- center of sums defuzzification method --- renewable energy --- low-temperature energy storage --- SOC --- simulation --- sustainability --- greenhouse gas emission --- economic feasibility --- photovoltaic systems --- MPPT --- partial shading condition --- transfer reinforcement learning --- space decomposition --- microgrids --- energy management --- optimization --- photovoltaic --- energy storage --- demand response program (DRP) --- photovoltaic system (PV) --- pumped heat energy storage (PHES) --- critical peak pricing (CPP) DRP --- time-ahead dynamic pricing (TADP) DRP --- loss of power supply probability (LPSP) --- energy storage system (ESS) --- Multi-Objective Particle Swarm Optimization (MOPSO) --- pitch control --- permanent magnet-synchronous generator (PMSG) --- limit extracted power --- nonlinear adaptive control (NAC) --- perturbation observer --- vanadium redox flow battery --- genetic algorithm --- binary particle swarm optimization --- time-varying mirrored S-shaped transfer function --- greenhouse gas emissions --- heliostat --- sun tracking --- solar energy --- embedded system --- fuzzy logic control --- center of sums defuzzification method

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Standalone (off-grid) renewable energy systems supply electricity in places where there is no access to a standard electrical grid. These systems may include photovoltaic generators, wind turbines, hydro turbines or any other renewable electrical generator. Usually, this kind of system includes electricity storage (commonly lead-acid batteries, but also other types of storage can be used). In some cases, a backup generator (usually powered by fossil fuel, diesel or gasoline) is part of the hybrid system. The modelling of the components, the control of the system and the simulation of the performance of the whole system are necessary to evaluate the system technically and economically. The optimization of the sizing and/or the control is also an important task in this kind of system.

Research & information: general --- renewable energy --- low-temperature energy storage --- SOC --- simulation --- sustainability --- greenhouse gas emission --- economic feasibility --- photovoltaic systems --- MPPT --- partial shading condition --- transfer reinforcement learning --- space decomposition --- microgrids --- energy management --- optimization --- photovoltaic --- energy storage --- demand response program (DRP) --- photovoltaic system (PV) --- pumped heat energy storage (PHES) --- critical peak pricing (CPP) DRP --- time-ahead dynamic pricing (TADP) DRP --- loss of power supply probability (LPSP) --- energy storage system (ESS) --- Multi-Objective Particle Swarm Optimization (MOPSO) --- pitch control --- permanent magnet-synchronous generator (PMSG) --- limit extracted power --- nonlinear adaptive control (NAC) --- perturbation observer --- vanadium redox flow battery --- genetic algorithm --- binary particle swarm optimization --- time-varying mirrored S-shaped transfer function --- greenhouse gas emissions --- heliostat --- sun tracking --- solar energy --- embedded system --- fuzzy logic control --- center of sums defuzzification method --- n/a

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Power network operators are rapidly incorporating wind power generation into their power grids to meet the widely accepted carbon neutrality targets and facilitate the transition from conventional fossil-fuel energy sources to clean and low-carbon renewable energy sources. Complex stability issues, such as frequency, voltage, and oscillatory instability, are frequently reported in the power grids of many countries and regions (e.g., Germany, Denmark, Ireland, and South Australia) due to the substantially increased wind power generation. Control techniques, such as virtual/emulated inertia and damping controls, could be developed to address these stability issues, and additional devices, such as energy storage systems, can also be deployed to mitigate the adverse impact of high wind power generation on various system stability problems. Moreover, other wind power integration aspects, such as capacity planning and the short- and long-term forecasting of wind power generation, also require careful attention to ensure grid security and reliability. This book includes fourteen novel research articles published in this Energies Special Issue on Wind Power Integration into Power Systems: Stability and Control Aspects, with topics ranging from stability and control to system capacity planning and forecasting.

Technology: general issues --- Energy industries & utilities --- DFIG --- ES --- virtual inertia control --- capacity allocation --- fuzzy logic controller --- wind power generation --- multi-model predictive control --- fuzzy clustering --- virtual synchronous generator --- doubly fed induction generator --- sub-synchronous resonance --- impedance modeling --- renewable energy sources (RESs) --- regional RoCoF --- model-based operational planning --- linear sensitivity-based method (LSM) --- cumulant-based method (CBM) --- collaborative capacity planning --- distributed wind power (DWP) --- energy storage system (ESS) --- optimization --- variable-structure copula --- Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes method --- wind turbine wake model --- 3D aerodynamic model --- turbulence model --- correction modules --- hybrid prediction model --- wavelet decomposition --- long short-term memory --- scenario analysis --- weak grids --- full-converter wind --- active power output --- control parameters --- subsynchronous oscillation --- eigenvalue analysis --- doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) --- wind generation --- frequency control --- artificial neural network (ANN) --- error following forget gate-based long short-term memory --- ultra-short-term prediction --- wind power --- load frequency control (LFC) --- wind farm --- particle swarm optimization --- kinetic energy --- inertial response --- low inertia --- the center of inertia --- frequency response metrics --- wind integration --- PSS/E --- FORTRAN --- electromechanical dynamics --- FCWG dynamics --- strong interaction --- electromechanical loop correlation ratio (ELCR) --- FCWG dynamic correlation ratio (FDCR) --- quasi- electromechanical loop correlation ratio (QELCR) --- permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) --- supercapacitor energy storage (SCES) --- rotor overspeed control --- low voltage ride through (LVRT) --- capacity configuration of SCES --- DFIG --- ES --- virtual inertia control --- capacity allocation --- fuzzy logic controller --- wind power generation --- multi-model predictive control --- fuzzy clustering --- virtual synchronous generator --- doubly fed induction generator --- sub-synchronous resonance --- impedance modeling --- renewable energy sources (RESs) --- regional RoCoF --- model-based operational planning --- linear sensitivity-based method (LSM) --- cumulant-based method (CBM) --- collaborative capacity planning --- distributed wind power (DWP) --- energy storage system (ESS) --- optimization --- variable-structure copula --- Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes method --- wind turbine wake model --- 3D aerodynamic model --- turbulence model --- correction modules --- hybrid prediction model --- wavelet decomposition --- long short-term memory --- scenario analysis --- weak grids --- full-converter wind --- active power output --- control parameters --- subsynchronous oscillation --- eigenvalue analysis --- doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) --- wind generation --- frequency control --- artificial neural network (ANN) --- error following forget gate-based long short-term memory --- ultra-short-term prediction --- wind power --- load frequency control (LFC) --- wind farm --- particle swarm optimization --- kinetic energy --- inertial response --- low inertia --- the center of inertia --- frequency response metrics --- wind integration --- PSS/E --- FORTRAN --- electromechanical dynamics --- FCWG dynamics --- strong interaction --- electromechanical loop correlation ratio (ELCR) --- FCWG dynamic correlation ratio (FDCR) --- quasi- electromechanical loop correlation ratio (QELCR) --- permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) --- supercapacitor energy storage (SCES) --- rotor overspeed control --- low voltage ride through (LVRT) --- capacity configuration of SCES

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Power network operators are rapidly incorporating wind power generation into their power grids to meet the widely accepted carbon neutrality targets and facilitate the transition from conventional fossil-fuel energy sources to clean and low-carbon renewable energy sources. Complex stability issues, such as frequency, voltage, and oscillatory instability, are frequently reported in the power grids of many countries and regions (e.g., Germany, Denmark, Ireland, and South Australia) due to the substantially increased wind power generation. Control techniques, such as virtual/emulated inertia and damping controls, could be developed to address these stability issues, and additional devices, such as energy storage systems, can also be deployed to mitigate the adverse impact of high wind power generation on various system stability problems. Moreover, other wind power integration aspects, such as capacity planning and the short- and long-term forecasting of wind power generation, also require careful attention to ensure grid security and reliability. This book includes fourteen novel research articles published in this Energies Special Issue on Wind Power Integration into Power Systems: Stability and Control Aspects, with topics ranging from stability and control to system capacity planning and forecasting.

DFIG --- ES --- virtual inertia control --- capacity allocation --- fuzzy logic controller --- wind power generation --- multi-model predictive control --- fuzzy clustering --- virtual synchronous generator --- doubly fed induction generator --- sub-synchronous resonance --- impedance modeling --- renewable energy sources (RESs) --- regional RoCoF --- model-based operational planning --- linear sensitivity-based method (LSM) --- cumulant-based method (CBM) --- collaborative capacity planning --- distributed wind power (DWP) --- energy storage system (ESS) --- optimization --- variable-structure copula --- Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes method --- wind turbine wake model --- 3D aerodynamic model --- turbulence model --- correction modules --- hybrid prediction model --- wavelet decomposition --- long short-term memory --- scenario analysis --- weak grids --- full-converter wind --- active power output --- control parameters --- subsynchronous oscillation --- eigenvalue analysis --- doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) --- wind generation --- frequency control --- artificial neural network (ANN) --- error following forget gate-based long short-term memory --- ultra-short-term prediction --- wind power --- load frequency control (LFC) --- wind farm --- particle swarm optimization --- kinetic energy --- inertial response --- low inertia --- the center of inertia --- frequency response metrics --- wind integration --- PSS/E --- FORTRAN --- electromechanical dynamics --- FCWG dynamics --- strong interaction --- electromechanical loop correlation ratio (ELCR) --- FCWG dynamic correlation ratio (FDCR) --- quasi- electromechanical loop correlation ratio (QELCR) --- permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) --- supercapacitor energy storage (SCES) --- rotor overspeed control --- low voltage ride through (LVRT) --- capacity configuration of SCES --- n/a --- Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes method

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The Special Issue "Industrial and Technological Applications of Power Electronics Systems" focuses on: - new strategies of control for electric machines, including sensorless control and fault diagnosis; - existing and emerging industrial applications of GaN and SiC-based converters; - modern methods for electromagnetic compatibility. The book covers topics such as control systems, fault diagnosis, converters, inverters, and electromagnetic interference in power electronics systems. The Special Issue includes 19 scientific papers by industry experts and worldwide professors in the area of electrical engineering.

Research & information: general --- Technology: general issues --- active disturbance rejection controller (ADRC) --- direct torque control (DTC) --- full-order observer --- sensorless --- six-phase induction motor (6PIM) --- stator resistance estimator --- average air gap length --- dc-dc power converters --- gapped magnetic core --- magnetic permeability --- magnetizing inductance --- medium frequency transformer --- systems control --- electromagnetic compatibility --- conducted interference --- DC-DC power converters --- FPGA --- random modulation --- bidirectional converter --- multilevel converter --- resonant converter --- SiC MOSFET --- high-voltage converter --- switched capacitor converter --- extended Kalman filter (EKF) --- permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) --- fault diagnosis (FD) --- stator inter-turn short circuit --- conducted electromagnetic interference --- aggregated electromagnetic interference --- power electronic interfaces --- frequency beat --- modular --- voltage source inverter (VSI) --- multipulse --- 12-pulse --- pulse amplitude modulation (PAM) --- pulse width modulation (PWM) --- three-level --- coupled reactors --- wireless power transfer --- inductive power transmission --- AC-DC power converters --- T-type inverter --- GaN-transistors --- electromagnetic coupling --- EV battery --- electric vehicles --- fast battery charging --- local transport --- DC micro grid --- drive voltage frequency converter --- big power DC/DC converter --- interior permanent magnet motors --- maximum torque per ampere --- sensorless control --- adaptive control --- resonant inverter --- dielectric barrier discharge --- nonthermal plasma --- treatment of plastic surface --- decontamination of organic loose products --- silicon carbide --- dual active bridge dc-dc converter --- power electronic traction transformer --- 3 kV DC railway traction --- electric multiple unit --- DC-DC converter --- high-voltage-gain converter --- switched-capacitor converter --- inductiveless converter --- series active power filters --- multipulse converters --- power conditioning --- power quality --- power distribution --- reverse power flow --- compensation for nonactive current --- voltage regulation --- UPQC --- boost converters --- DC–DC power converters --- GaN switch --- resonant power conversion --- zero-current switching (ZCS) --- zero-voltage switching (ZVS) --- grasshopper optimization algorithm (GOA) --- particle swarm optimization (PSO) --- selective harmonics elimination PWM (SHEPWM) --- square-type matrix converters --- pulse width modulation --- multiphase systems --- matrix converter --- multipulse voltage converter --- nearest voltage modulation --- pulse width regulation --- low-switching modulation technique --- multipulse matrix converter with coupled reactors --- active disturbance rejection controller (ADRC) --- direct torque control (DTC) --- full-order observer --- sensorless --- six-phase induction motor (6PIM) --- stator resistance estimator --- average air gap length --- dc-dc power converters --- gapped magnetic core --- magnetic permeability --- magnetizing inductance --- medium frequency transformer --- systems control --- electromagnetic compatibility --- conducted interference --- DC-DC power converters --- FPGA --- random modulation --- bidirectional converter --- multilevel converter --- resonant converter --- SiC MOSFET --- high-voltage converter --- switched capacitor converter --- extended Kalman filter (EKF) --- permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) --- fault diagnosis (FD) --- stator inter-turn short circuit --- conducted electromagnetic interference --- aggregated electromagnetic interference --- power electronic interfaces --- frequency beat --- modular --- voltage source inverter (VSI) --- multipulse --- 12-pulse --- pulse amplitude modulation (PAM) --- pulse width modulation (PWM) --- three-level --- coupled reactors --- wireless power transfer --- inductive power transmission --- AC-DC power converters --- T-type inverter --- GaN-transistors --- electromagnetic coupling --- EV battery --- electric vehicles --- fast battery charging --- local transport --- DC micro grid --- drive voltage frequency converter --- big power DC/DC converter --- interior permanent magnet motors --- maximum torque per ampere --- sensorless control --- adaptive control --- resonant inverter --- dielectric barrier discharge --- nonthermal plasma --- treatment of plastic surface --- decontamination of organic loose products --- silicon carbide --- dual active bridge dc-dc converter --- power electronic traction transformer --- 3 kV DC railway traction --- electric multiple unit --- DC-DC converter --- high-voltage-gain converter --- switched-capacitor converter --- inductiveless converter --- series active power filters --- multipulse converters --- power conditioning --- power quality --- power distribution --- reverse power flow --- compensation for nonactive current --- voltage regulation --- UPQC --- boost converters --- DC–DC power converters --- GaN switch --- resonant power conversion --- zero-current switching (ZCS) --- zero-voltage switching (ZVS) --- grasshopper optimization algorithm (GOA) --- particle swarm optimization (PSO) --- selective harmonics elimination PWM (SHEPWM) --- square-type matrix converters --- pulse width modulation --- multiphase systems --- matrix converter --- multipulse voltage converter --- nearest voltage modulation --- pulse width regulation --- low-switching modulation technique --- multipulse matrix converter with coupled reactors