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The monitoring of active volcanoes is a complex task based on multidisciplinary and integrated analyses that use ground, drones and satellite monitoring devices. Over time, and with the development of new technologies and increasing frequency of acquisition, the use of remote sensing to accomplish this important task has grown enormously. This is especially so with the use of drones and satellites for classifying eruptive events and detecting the opening of new vents, the spreading of lava flows on the surface or ash plumes in the atmosphere, the fallout of tephra on the ground, the intrusion of new magma within the volcano edifice, and the deformation preceding impending eruptions, and many other factors. The main challenge in using remote sensing techniques is to develop automated and reliable systems that may assist the decision maker in volcano monitoring, hazard assessment and risk reduction. The integration with ground-based techniques represents a valuable additional aspect that makes the proposed methods more robust and reinforces the results obtained. This collection of papers is focused on several active volcanoes, such as Stromboli, Etna, and Volcano in Italy; the Long Valley caldera and Kilauea volcano in the USA; and Cotopaxi in Ecuador.

Technology: general issues --- History of engineering & technology --- Stromboli volcano --- effusive activity --- satellite thermal imagery --- ground-based thermal imagery --- cinder cone instability --- pyroclastic density currents --- Etna volcano --- lava fountain --- paroxysmal explosive eruptions --- ash plume height --- Landsat 8 satellite images --- mass discharge rate time-series --- paroxysmal explosions --- major explosive events --- ground and remote sensing monitoring --- classification of mild Strombolian events --- lava delta --- slope failure --- repeated bathymetric surveys --- digital elevation models --- LiDAR --- PLÉIADES --- morphological monitoring --- tephra --- remote sensing --- plume height --- mass eruption rate --- total erupted mass --- total grain-size distribution --- paroxysmal explosive and effusive episodes --- ash plume --- volcano monitoring --- volcanic hazard --- numerical modeling --- Long Valley Caldera --- deformation and gravity joint inversion --- topography correction --- heterogenous crust --- FEM --- source parameters --- intrusion density --- Cotopaxi volcano --- 1877 eruption --- primary lahars --- drone-imagery --- geological mapping --- lahar hazard assessment --- integrated DInSAR and GNSS time series --- geodetic dataset --- volcanic deformation --- early warning applications --- natural hazards --- SO2 flux --- CO2 flux --- heat flux --- Vulcano Island --- geochemical crisis --- extensive parameters --- eruption precursors --- neural networks --- self-organizing map --- seismo-acoustic signals --- ground-based visible and thermal imagery --- ground deformation --- volcano deformation --- automated detection --- lava fountains --- n/a --- PLÉIADES

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For many decades, researchers have been trying to make computers’ analysis of images as effective as the system of human vision is. For this purpose, many algorithms and systems have previously been created. The whole process covers various stages, including image processing, representation and recognition. The results of this work can be applied to many computer-assisted areas of everyday life. They improve particular activities and provide handy tools, which are sometimes only for entertainment, but quite often, they significantly increase our safety. In fact, the practical implementation of image processing algorithms is particularly wide. Moreover, the rapid growth of computational complexity and computer efficiency has allowed for the development of more sophisticated and effective algorithms and tools. Although significant progress has been made so far, many issues still remain, resulting in the need for the development of novel approaches.

Information technology industries --- Computer science --- CIELab --- component Substitution --- Pan sharpening --- Pléiades VHR Image --- coal --- inertinite macerals --- classification --- multifractal analysis --- support vector machine --- block-based coding --- video coding --- H.265/HEVC --- affine motion compensation --- image registration --- homography matrix --- local homography transformation --- convolutional neural network --- moving direct linear transformation --- super-resolution (SR) --- convolution neural network (CNN) --- Gene Expression Programming (GEP) --- deep learning --- image preclassification --- suspicious behavior detection --- motion --- magnitude --- gradient --- reactivity --- saliency --- haze removal --- dark channel --- atmospheric-light estimation --- coarse-to-fine search strategy --- sparse dictionary --- stable recovery --- frame --- RIP --- local dimming --- retinex theory --- bi-histogram equalization --- contrast ratio --- details preservation --- pansharpening --- image fusion --- image quality --- Satellite Pour l'Observation de la Terre (SPOT) 6 --- spectral consistency --- spatial consistency --- synthesis --- artificial intelligence --- dental application --- images --- detection --- parseval frame --- transform --- sparse representation --- octave convolution --- bilingual scene text reading --- Ethiopic script --- attention --- nasal cytology --- automatic cell segmentation --- rhinology --- image analysis --- feature extraction --- shape context --- plant recognition --- DPCNN --- BOF --- numeral spotting --- historical document analysis --- convolutional neural networks --- deep transfer learning --- handwritten digit recognition --- spectrum correction --- intensity correction --- compressed sensing --- tradeoff process --- IKONOS --- remote sensing --- fine-tuning --- learning rate scheduler --- cyclical learning rates --- label smoothing --- classification accuracy --- neural networks --- salient object detection --- RGB-D --- object detection --- small object --- multi-scale sampling --- balanced sampling --- texture --- structure --- optical --- coke --- iron ore --- sinter --- image processing --- segmentation --- identification --- action recognition --- silhouette sequences --- shape features --- ambient assisted living --- active ageing