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Après de nombreuses années où la présence du circovirus n’était associée qu’à un rôle non pathogène, fin 1990 ou début 1991 selon le continent, le cirvovirose porcine fait une apparition tout aussi brutale que désastreuse chez tous les grands producteurs de porcs mondiaux. 
A ce moment, le virus ne semble toucher que les porcelets en post-sevrage, et la circovirose prend des allures épidémiques partout dans le monde. Le circovirus est alors considéré comme étant le principal agent responsable du syndrome de dépérissement multisystémique du post-sevrage (PMWS), causant de nombreuses pertes et mortalités en porcherie. 
Suite aux forts impacts économiques engendrés par la maladie aux quatre coins du monde, le pathogène se retrouve au centre de nombreuses recherches, aboutissant au bout de quelques années, à la mise en place de nombreuses stratégies de prévention, dont la plus efficace semble être la vaccination. 
Plus tard, sa participation dans d’autres complexes pathologiques sera mise en évidence, touchant différents systèmes du porc, dans toutes catégories d’âge. Cette implication, tout comme dans le PMWS, semble nécessiter l’intervention de facteurs prédisposants, tels que la présence d’autres pathogènes, ou conditions d’élevage favorisantes, avec lesquels il semble interagir et faciliter l’infection via une profonde atteinte du système immunitaire. 
L’utilisation massive et systématisée de vaccin contre le circovirus en élevage, en association avec des bonnes mesures d’élevage et d’hygiène, semblent être les stratégies les plus efficaces dans le contrôle et la réduction des atteintes cliniques dues au PCV2, permettant une nette amélioration de l’économie porcine. Les intervenants de la filière remarquent également une amélioration de la productivité dans les élevages vaccinant contre le circovirus, même lorsque les porcs ne sont pas cliniquement atteints. Ces observations ainsi que la persistance d’une circulation virale active dans la quasi totalité des élevages pourtant sains, laissent penser à la possible existence de maladies subcliniques associées au circovirus, et dont la gestion pourrait s’avérer bien plus complexe.

PCV2 --- PCV --- porcine circovirus --- Sciences du vivant > Médecine vétérinaire & santé animale

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This timely collection of expert papers draws attention to the global burden of meningitis and the challenges faced by the WHO’s roadmap to defeat meningitis by 2030. The three main goals of the meningitis roadmap are to eliminate epidemics of bacterial meningitis, reduce cases and deaths from vaccine-preventable bacterial meningitis, and reduce disability and improve quality of life after meningitis of any cause. This book includes a wide range of original research and reviews on epidemiology and vaccination of bacterial meningitis that have direct relevance to advancing the goals of the roadmap.

meningitis --- child mortality --- neonatal sepsis --- global health --- global health estimates --- modelling --- Streptococcus pneumoniae --- Haemophilus influenzae --- Neisseria meningitidis --- bacterial meningitis --- S. pneumoniae --- N. meningitidis --- H. influenzae --- S. agalactiae --- conjugate vaccines --- post-vaccine surveillance --- vaccine --- Africa --- mathematical modelling --- susceptibility --- invasive bacterial infections --- complement --- genetic factors --- Streptococcus agalactiae --- group B streptococci --- capsule --- meningococcal group --- nongroupable --- meningococcal carriage --- invasive meningococcal disease --- meningococcal urethritis --- neonatal infections --- epidemiology --- antibiotic resistance --- etiologic diagnosis --- enterovirus --- group B Streptococcus --- neurological sequelae --- hearing loss --- seizure --- epilepsy --- hydrocephalus --- focal neurological deficit --- corticosteroid --- dexamethasone --- invasive pneumococcal disease --- pneumococcal conjugate vaccines --- serotypes --- vaccine impact --- pneumococcal meningitis --- serotype distribution --- PCV impact --- global --- meta-analysis --- surveillance --- meningococcus --- pneumococcus --- Hib --- group B streptococcus --- conjugate vaccine --- rapid diagnostic test --- national reference laboratory --- cerebrospinal fluid --- Niger --- Burkina Faso --- tuberculosis --- tuberculous meningitis --- TBM --- children --- impact of Hib conjugate vaccine --- Hia --- NTHi --- burden --- social and economic costs --- WHO meningitis roadmap --- disability --- n/a

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A virus (from the Latin word ‘v?rus’ meaning ‘venom’ or ‘poison’) is a microorganism invisible to the naked eye. Viruses can multiply exclusively by entering a cell and using the cell’s resources to create copies of themselves. As the origin of their name suggests, viruses are generally considered dangerous, harmful and often deadly. Some of the most well-studied and widely known viruses, such as HIV and influenza, infect humans. However, viruses can also infect animals, plants and microorganisms, including fungi. Many fungi are medically, ecologically and economically significant, for example, causing diseases to humans, plants and insects or being used in industry to produce bread, cheese, beer and wine. Viruses that infect fungi are called mycoviruses (from the Greek work ‘myco’, meaning ‘fungus’). Mycoviruses do not cause harm to or kill the infected fungus; in contrast, they are ‘friendly’ viruses and we can utilize them to control the growth, pathogenicity and toxin production of fungi. This book describes a range of different mycoviruses and their geographical distribution, transmission and evolution, together with their effects on the fungal hosts and how these are brought about.

n/a --- recombination --- Brunchorstia pinea --- fungal viruses --- virus evolution --- isogenic --- fusarivirus --- Castanea sativa --- sequencing --- PsV-F --- conidiogenesis --- Narnaviridae --- Prunus --- virus discovery --- dicer --- totivirus --- killer toxin --- Saccharomyces paradoxus --- Aspergillus fumigatus tetramycovirus-1. --- Fusarium head blight --- dsRNA --- hypovirus --- killer system --- victorivirus --- Leptosphaeria biglobosa quadrivirus --- Entomophthora --- biological control --- RNA genome --- stone fruit --- hypervirulence --- Aspergillus fumigatus chrysovirus --- phylogeny --- A. fumigatus --- Mymonaviridae --- endornavirus --- mycovirus --- Aspergillus --- double-stranded RNA virus --- gemycircularvirus --- Alphapartitivirus --- Partitivirus --- capsid structure --- RnQV1 --- dsRNA virus --- RNA silencing --- capsid protein --- Rhizoctonia solani AG-1 IA --- multiplex PCR --- A. nidulans --- conifers --- Entomophthoromycotina --- Magnaporthe oryzae. chrysovirus 1 --- sclerogenesis --- Mitovirus --- chrysovirus --- A. niger --- selection pressure --- viral lineage --- A. thermomutatus --- transmission --- Tymovirales --- brown rot --- PcV --- Botrytis cinerea mymonavirus 1 --- Hymenoscyphus pseudoalbidus --- mitovirus --- populations study --- ssRNA --- mitochondrion --- partitivirus --- rice blast fungus --- database mining --- fungal virus --- horizontal virus transmission --- antiviral --- Aspergillus fumigatus partitivirus-1 --- hypovirulence --- Ethiopia --- chestnut blight --- Trichoderma atroviride --- Botrytis cinerea --- Cryphonectria parasitica --- Totiviridae --- small RNA --- infection cushion --- ash dieback --- Beauveria bassiana --- Rhizophagus --- Sclerotinia minor --- polymycovirus --- biocontrol --- genomic structure analysis --- Mycovirus --- dsRNA mycoviruses --- mycorrhizal fungi --- evolution --- invasive species --- transmissibility --- Chalara fraxinea --- tRFs --- ScV-L-A