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The July 2015 nuclear deal between Iran and Permanent Members of the UN Security Council and Germany (P5+1), with the attendant lifting of sanctions on Iran, will have significant consequences for the global, regional and national economies. First, Iran's return to the oil market, coupled with increased production from Libya (should the conflict subside) will keep world oil prices low. Secondly, once sanctions and restrictions on financial transactions are relaxed, Iran's trade, which had both declined in absolute terms and shifted away from Europe towards Asia and the Middle East, is likely to pick up. Thirdly, the Iranian economy, which has been in recession for the past two years, will receive a major boost from increased oil revenues--conservatively estimated at about USD 15 billion in the first year--and lower trade costs. This issue of the MENA Quarterly Economic Brief (QEB) traces these effects on the world oil market, on Iran's trading partners, and on the Iranian economy.
Conflict --- Development economics --- Economic model --- Economic policy --- Growth --- Investment --- Nuclear talks P5+1 --- Oil prices --- Oil-exporting countries --- Sanctions --- Trade --- Volatility --- Windfall
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Les principes des politiques de lutte contre la prolifération américains et soviétiques/russes sont demeurés constants et en symbiose. Cette thématique a été le terreau d’une forme d’entente américano-soviétique surplombant leur réalité bipolaire au vu des enjeux vitaux qu’elle mettait intrinsèquement en péril. Malgré leur convergence de vue quant à la prolifération, la question nucléaire iranienne a été une pierre d’achoppement dans les relations russo-américaines. C’est finalement plusieurs superpositions de convergences qui ont permis une dynamique d’avancée significative entre 2013 et 2015. D’une part, il existe un point de rencontre d’intérêts irano-américains. D’autre part, un second jeu de convergences s’établit en parallèle, celui entre les États-Unis et la Russie. Cette dernière a oscillé au fil des débats, cherchant à sauvegarder les intérêts qu’elle avait en Iran tout en ne rompant jamais totalement avec les partenaires occidentaux. La Russie s’est positionnée en détractrice de l’attitude américaine et de son régime de sanctions qu’elle cherchait à étendre au niveau multilatéral. Moscou utilise le levier iranien pour réaffirmer sa puissance « réémergente » dans un monde en passe d’être multipolaire. Côté américain, nous estimons que le pragmatisme renouvelé, suite à l’arrivée d’Obama à la Maison Blanche, est imputable à la politique plus globale de retrait des États-Unis de la région moyen-orientale en vue de disposer de plus grandes marges de manœuvre sur des terrains devenus davantage pressants, tels que le pivot asiatique. Les deux puissances et parties aux négociations internationales au sein du P5+1 ont donc largement laissé primer leurs intérêts nationaux respectifs pour résoudre le casse-tête iranien qui perdurait depuis douze années.
Iran --- nucléaire --- rapport de force --- intérêts --- réalisme --- Etats-Unis --- Russie --- Accords de Vienne 2015 --- JCPOA --- P5+1 --- Droit, criminologie & sciences politiques > Sciences politiques, administration publique & relations internationales
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Programming --- Computer science --- #TCPW P3.0 --- #TCPW P5.1 --- #TCPW P6.3 --- 681.3*F0 --- 681.3*F1 --- Computerwetenschap--?*F0 --- Computation by abstract devices --- 681.3*F1 Computation by abstract devices --- Computer science. --- Programming Techniques. --- Computation by Abstract Devices. --- Mathematical Logic and Formal Languages. --- Informatics --- Science --- Langages de programmation --- Programming languages (Electronic computers) --- Programmation système (informatique) --- Langages de programmation. --- Programmation système (informatique)
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#TCPW P3.0 --- #TCPW P5.1 --- 681.3*A0 --- 681.3*F3 --- 681.3*F4 --- General --- Logics and meanings of programs (Theory of computation) --- Mathematical logic and formal languages (Theory of computation) --- 681.3*F4 Mathematical logic and formal languages (Theory of computation) --- 681.3*F3 Logics and meanings of programs (Theory of computation) --- 681.3*A0 General
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Computer. Automation --- #TCPW P7.5 --- #TCPW P7.2 --- #TCPW P4.3 --- #TCPW P4.6 --- #TCPW P1.2 --- #TCPW P8.0 --- #TCPW P5.1 --- 681.3*A2 --- 681.3*A2 Reference (e.g., dictionaries, encyclopedias, glossaries) --- Reference (e.g., dictionaries, encyclopedias, glossaries)
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History of Programming Languages
Programming --- History --- Programming languages (Electronic computers) --- Congresses --- -#TCPW P5.1 --- #TCPW P1.1 --- 681.3*D32 --- 681.3*K2 --- Computer languages --- Computer program languages --- Computer programming languages --- Machine language --- Electronic data processing --- Languages, Artificial --- language classifications: applicative languages; data-flow languages; design languages; extensible languages; macro and assembly languages; nonprocedural languages; specialized application and very high-level languages (Programminglanguages) --- History of computing: hardware; people; software; systems; theory --- Congresses. --- 681.3*K2 History of computing: hardware; people; software; systems; theory --- 681.3*D32 language classifications: applicative languages; data-flow languages; design languages; extensible languages; macro and assembly languages; nonprocedural languages; specialized application and very high-level languages (Programminglanguages) --- #TCPW P5.1 --- History&delete& --- Programming languages (Electronic computers) - History - Congresses
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Programming --- Computer science --- #TCPW P3.0 --- #TCPW P5.1 --- 681.3*A0 --- 681.3*F0 --- 681.3*F1 --- 681.3*F4 --- General --- Computerwetenschap--?*F0 --- Computation by abstract devices --- Mathematical logic and formal languages (Theory of computation) --- 681.3*F4 Mathematical logic and formal languages (Theory of computation) --- 681.3*F1 Computation by abstract devices --- 681.3*A0 General --- Sequential machine theory --- Formal languages --- Programming languages (Electronic computers) --- Théorie des machines séquentielles --- Langages formels --- Langages de programmation --- Congresses --- Congrès --- Théorie des machines séquentielles --- Congrès --- Information theory. --- Computer science. --- Theory of Computation. --- Programming Languages, Compilers, Interpreters. --- Informatics --- Science --- Communication theory --- Communication --- Cybernetics --- Logique
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Machine theory --- Formal languages --- Computer programming --- Automates mathématiques, Théorie des --- Langages formels --- Programmation (Informatique) --- Congresses --- Congrès --- Automates mathématiques, Théorie des --- Congrès --- #TCPW P3.0 --- #TCPW P4.1 --- 681.3*A0 --- 681.3*F1 --- Computation by abstract devices --- 681.3*F1 Computation by abstract devices --- 681.3*A0 General --- Computer science --- #TCPW P5.1 --- 681.3*D3 --- 681.3*F0 --- 681.3*D3 Programming languages --- Programming languages --- General --- Computerwetenschap--?*F0 --- Information theory. --- Computer science. --- Theory of Computation. --- Computer Science, general. --- Informatics --- Science --- Communication theory --- Communication --- Cybernetics --- Langages de programmation --- Programmation système (informatique)
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Programming --- Programming languages (Electronic computers) --- Formal languages --- Sequential machine theory --- Langages de programmation --- Langages formels --- Théorie des machines séquentielles --- #TCPW P3.0 --- #TCPW P5.1 --- 681.3*D31 --- 681.3*D3m --- Computer languages --- Computer program languages --- Computer programming languages --- Machine language --- Electronic data processing --- Languages, Artificial --- Formalization (Linguistics) --- Language and languages --- Machine theory --- Finite automata --- Finite state machines (Machine theory) --- Electronic digital computers --- Formal definitions and theory: semantics; syntax (Programming languages)--See also {681.3*D21}; {681.3*F31}; {681.3*F32}; {681.3*F42}; {681.3*F43} --- Programming languages --- Formal languages. --- Programming languages (Electronic computers). --- Sequential machine theory. --- 681.3*D3m Programming languages --- 681.3*D31 Formal definitions and theory: semantics; syntax (Programming languages)--See also {681.3*D21}; {681.3*F31}; {681.3*F32}; {681.3*F42}; {681.3*F43} --- Informatique --- Computer science
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Computer architecture. Operating systems --- Programmierung [EDV] --- Software. --- Computer programming. --- Computer programming --- #TCPW P6.3 --- #TCPW P5.1 --- #TCPW:boek --- 519.6 --- 681.3.06 --- programmeren --- Computational mathematics. Numerical analysis. Computer programming --- Computerwetenschap--?.06 --- Programmierung [EDV]. --- 519.6 Computational mathematics. Numerical analysis. Computer programming --- Computers --- Electronic computer programming --- Electronic data processing --- Electronic digital computers --- Programming (Electronic computers) --- Coding theory --- Programming --- Programmation des ordinateurs --- -681.3*D1 --- Automatic digital computers --- Computers, Electronic digital --- Digital computers, Electronic --- Hybrid computers --- Sequential machine theory --- Programming techniques--See also {681.3*E} --- Software engineering: protection mechanisms standards--See also {681.3*K63} {681.3*K51} --- 681.3*D2 Software engineering: protection mechanisms standards--See also {681.3*K63} {681.3*K51} --- 681.3*D1 Programming techniques--See also {681.3*E} --- 681.3*D1 --- 681.3*D2 --- 681.3*I2 --- 681.3*I2 Artificial intelligence. AI --- Artificial intelligence. AI --- 681.3*D2 Software engineering: protection mechanisms; standards--See also {681.3*K63}; {681.3*K51} --- Software engineering: protection mechanisms; standards--See also {681.3*K63}; {681.3*K51} --- Electronic digital computers programming --- Electronic digital computers - Programming --- Electronic digital computers. Programming --- proof --- Correctness --- Methodology --- Program Theory --- Program Design
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