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At the heart of human intelligence rests a fundamental puzzle: How are we incredibly smart and stupid at the same time? No existing machine can match the power and flexibility of human perception, language, and reasoning. Yet, we routinely commit errors that reveal the failures of our thought processes. 'What Makes Us Smart' makes sense of this paradox by arguing that our cognitive errors are not haphazard. Rather, they are the inevitable consequences of a brain optimized for efficient inference and decision making within the constraints of time, energy, and memory - in other words, data and resource limitations. Framing human intelligence in terms of these constraints, Samuel Gershman shows how a deeper computational logic underpins the 'stupid' errors of human cognition.

Cognition --- Cognitive psychology. --- Age factors. --- Psychology, Cognitive --- Cognitive science --- Psychology --- Age factors in cognition --- Ability, Influence of age on --- Cognition. --- Intellect. --- Human intelligence --- Intelligence --- Mind --- Ability --- Thought and thinking --- Accuracy and precision. --- Action potential. --- Ad hoc hypothesis. --- Ad hominem. --- Adaptive bias. --- Almost surely. --- Alternative hypothesis. --- Altruism. --- Ambiguity. --- Analogy. --- Anecdote. --- Approximation. --- Attractiveness. --- Bayes' theorem. --- Bayesian inference. --- Bayesian probability. --- Bayesian. --- Behavior. --- Circular reasoning. --- Cognitive flexibility. --- Cognitive style. --- Commitment device. --- Confidence. --- Confirmation bias. --- Conspiracy theory. --- Controllability. --- Counterintuitive. --- Credibility. --- Decision-making. --- Effectiveness. --- Efficacy. --- Efficiency. --- Efficient coding hypothesis. --- Efficient frontier. --- Estimation. --- Expected value. --- Explanation. --- Fair coin. --- Fair market value. --- Gimmick. --- Guessing. --- Heuristic. --- Hot Hand. --- Human intelligence. --- Hypothesis. --- Illusion of control. --- Inductive bias. --- Inference. --- Intelligent design. --- Learnability. --- Lightness (philosophy). --- Likelihood function. --- Logical extreme. --- Logical reasoning. --- Moral hazard. --- Motivated reasoning. --- Mutual exclusivity. --- Natural approach. --- Normative. --- Observation. --- Observational learning. --- Of Miracles. --- Opportunity cost. --- Optimism bias. --- Optimism. --- Our Choice. --- Pairwise comparison. --- Perfect rationality. --- Physical attractiveness. --- Point estimation. --- Politeness. --- Positive feedback. --- Predictability. --- Prediction. --- Predictive coding. --- Predictive power. --- Principle of rationality. --- Prior probability. --- Probability. --- Prosocial behavior. --- Quantity. --- Rational agent. --- Rational choice theory. --- Rationality. --- Reason. --- Reinforcement learning. --- Result. --- Self-control. --- Sophistication. --- Spontaneous recovery. --- Strong inference. --- Suggestion. --- Theory. --- Thought. --- Truth value. --- Uncertainty. --- Utility. --- Value of information. --- With high probability. --- PSYCHOLOGY / Cognitive Psychology & Cognition --- COMPUTERS / Logic Design

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In Roman Eyes, Jas Elsner seeks to understand the multiple ways that art in ancient Rome formulated the very conditions for its own viewing, and as a result was complicit in the construction of subjectivity in the Roman Empire. Elsner draws upon a wide variety of visual material, from sculpture and wall paintings to coins and terra-cotta statuettes. He examines the different contexts in which images were used, from the religious to the voyeuristic, from the domestic to the subversive. He reads images alongside and against the rich literary tradition of the Greco-Roman world, including travel writing, prose fiction, satire, poetry, mythology, and pilgrimage accounts. The astonishing picture that emerges reveals the mindsets Romans had when they viewed art--their preoccupations and theories, their cultural biases and loosely held beliefs. Roman Eyes is not a history of official public art--the monumental sculptures, arches, and buildings we typically associate with ancient Rome, and that tend to dominate the field. Rather, Elsner looks at smaller objects used or displayed in private settings and closed religious rituals, including tapestries, ivories, altars, jewelry, and even silverware. In many cases, he focuses on works of art that no longer exist, providing a rare window into the aesthetic and religious lives of the ancient Romans.

Arts, Classical. --- Visual perception. --- Aesthetics, Roman. --- Roman aesthetics --- Optics, Psychological --- Vision --- Perception --- Visual discrimination --- Classical arts --- Psychological aspects --- Adoration. --- Aelius Aristides. --- Aeschylus. --- Agalmatophilia. --- Anchises. --- Ancient Greek art. --- Ancient Rome. --- Anecdote. --- Anthropomorphism. --- Apuleius. --- Art history. --- Atargatis. --- Bathing. --- Bibliography. --- Capitoline Museums. --- Castration. --- Christian apologetics. --- Conflation. --- Cooling. --- Cult image. --- Cupid and Psyche. --- De Dea Syria. --- Deity. --- Diana and Actaeon. --- Drapery. --- Ekphrasis. --- Epigram. --- Epithet. --- Eroticism. --- Genre. --- Greco-Roman world. --- H II region. --- Hagiography. --- Hare Krishna (mantra). --- Harpocrates. --- Hellenization. --- Hierapolis. --- Hieros gamos. --- Hydrogen line. --- Iconography. --- Illustration. --- In the Water. --- Indulgence. --- Initiation. --- Ionic Greek. --- Ionization. --- Late Antiquity. --- Leucippe and Clitophon. --- Libation. --- Mimesis. --- Narrative logic. --- Narrative. --- Neo-Attic. --- Number density. --- Oculus. --- Our Choice. --- Parody. --- Philostratus. --- Photon. --- Piety. --- Poetry. --- Polytheism. --- Posture (psychology). --- Praxiteles. --- Procession. --- Pubic hair. --- Putto. --- Queen of Heaven. --- Reionization. --- Religion and sexuality. --- Religious image. --- Rite. --- Roman art. --- Satire. --- Sculpture. --- Second Sophistic. --- Self-consciousness. --- Sensibility. --- Serapis. --- Sexual intercourse. --- Sincerity. --- Social reality. --- Sophist (dialogue). --- Sophistication. --- Star formation. --- Subjectivity. --- Temperature. --- The Golden Ass. --- The Last Sentence. --- The Sea Monster. --- Theatricality. --- Venus Anadyomene. --- Verisimilitude (fiction). --- Verisimilitude. --- Viewing (funeral). --- Voluptas. --- Voyeurism. --- Vulva. --- Writing. --- Zeuxis. --- Romans --- Aesthetics. --- Religious life.