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This Action Plan is based on the World Bank's Technical Note on Consumer Protection and Financial Literacy in Azerbaijan published in June 2009. The Action Plan focuses on the Legal and Regulatory Issues of the Technical Note's Key Findings and Recommendations, proposing specific actions for Azerbaijani authorities, financial institutions and consumer organizations so that consumer protection is strengthened and made more effective and efficient. The Action Plan should be the base upon which specific legal changes should be drafted and against which their implementation should be evaluated. Beside the Technical Note itself, the Action Plan draws on best international practices and experiences of regulators and supervisors that have tried to introduce improved consumer protection in their countries. It should also be noted that a well-balanced consumer protection regime serves also the interest of financial institutions as it provides them with better informed clients and also makes sure that clients understand their obligations under the contracts they signed. The Action Plan is divided into five parts that cover the key areas based on the recommendations of the Technical Note: (a) Legal Mandate, (b) Effective Supervision and Regulation, (c) Disclosure of Information, (d) Business Practices, and (e) Dispute Resolution.

Administrative Costs --- Arbitrage --- Bank Accounts --- Banking Sector --- Capacity Building --- Capital Markets --- Collateral --- Consumer Protection --- Consumers --- Corporate Governance --- Debt Markets --- E-Business --- Emerging Markets --- Finance and Financial Sector Development --- Financial and Private Sector Development --- Financial Institutions --- Financial Literacy --- Financial Services --- Insurance --- Interest Rates --- Legislation --- Life Insurance --- Microfinance Institutions --- Mortgages --- Other Financial and Private Sector Development --- Outsourcing --- Penalties --- Private Sector Development --- Regulators --- Savings --- Securities

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The bank insolvency framework in Poland should be modernized to ensure financial stability, maintain the continuity of critical functions in the banking system, and protect depositors and creditors, while assigning losses according to a pre-established creditor hierarchy. Several country experiences in Europe and elsewhere have demonstrated the effectiveness of new bank resolution measures by the European commission. A key aspect of the resolution process is for the authorities to swiftly assess and revalue the balance sheet of the intervened bank. Other particularities of modern resolution procedures relate to maintaining the integrity of secured financial contracts to prevent disruptions in financial market transactions including in payments and settlements systems. The treatment of systemically important institutions should rely on extraordinary resolution tools which are necessary if a bank is too large to be purchased or for its liabilities to be readily assumed. The purpose of this paper is thus to describe and recommend new features that can be added to strengthen the Polish legislation for handling commercial bank insolvencies. The paper focuses on the legal issues related to insolvency of banks (including commercial banks and cooperative banks). The banking sector's share in the total assets of the credit sector amounts to 89 percent while cooperative banks control 6 percent. The only wholly-owned state bank is the development bank Bank Gospodarstwa Krajowego (BGK) which is subject to supervision by the Polish Financial Supervisory Authority (KNF).

Accountability --- Accounting --- Administrative Costs --- Administrative Procedures --- Asset Management --- Audits --- Banking Sector --- Bankruptcy --- Bankruptcy and Resolution of Financial Distress --- Central Banks --- Commercial Banks --- Credibility --- Debt --- Deposit Insurance --- Finance and Financial Sector Development --- Financial and Private Sector Development --- Financial Institutions --- Financial Regulation --- Financial Regulation & Supervision --- Financial Services --- Financial Stability --- Foreign Banks --- Interest Rates --- Judiciary --- Legal Reform --- Legislation --- Moral Hazard --- Other Financial and Private Sector Development --- Profitability --- Property Rights --- Receivership --- Settlement Systems --- Standards and Financial Reporting --- Systemic Risk --- Technical Assistance

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Coffee is an ecologically and economically significant crop for Haiti. It is not only the main source of income for more than 100,000 farmers, but the coffee ecosystem also sustains a large part of the remaining tree cover (currently at less than 1.5 percent of land) of the country. This report does not aim to detail the structural constraints impacting upon the Haitian coffee sub-sector. Instead, it describes the risks affecting the existing supply chain in terms of their potential impact and prioritizes the risks and areas requiring attention for risk management, investment, and capacity building. The Haitian coffee industry is constrained by significant systemic problems which have contributed to its decline over the years. Some of these major constraints include: (1) the structure of the coffee creole garden which contributes to low on-farm coffee productivity; (2) a land tenure system which inhibits long term investment; (3) poor transportation and logistics infrastructure; (4) limited access to credit and high interest rates; (5) aging coffee trees and farmers; (6) waning government interest and support for the coffee sub-sector; (7) lack of industry level coordination; and (8) a lack of international and domestic promotion of the Haitian coffee industry.

Access to Finance --- Agricultural Sector --- Agriculture --- Bankruptcy --- Beans --- Capacity Building --- Capital Requirements --- Cash Crops --- Cocoa --- Coffee --- Commercial Banks --- Commercialization --- Consumers --- Cooperatives --- Crop Diversification --- Crops & Crop Management Systems --- Debt --- Decision Making --- Deforestation --- Exporters --- External Shocks --- Fair Trade --- Farming --- Finance and Financial Sector Development --- Finance Costs --- Financial and Private Sector Development --- Food Security --- Gdp --- Global Value Chains and Business Clustering --- Insurance --- Labor Policies --- Maize --- Microfinance Institutions --- Natural Resources --- Other Financial and Private Sector Development --- Plantations --- Political Instability --- Price Volatility --- Private Sector Development --- Productivity --- Property Rights --- Public-Private Partnerships --- Risk Management --- Rural Development --- Rural Services and Infrastructure --- Savings --- Social Protections and Labor --- Soil Erosion --- Sugar --- Surplus --- Tree Crops --- Uncertainty --- Urban Areas

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Reforestation measures for degraded lands, strategies for the sustainable management of forest resources, and agroforestry practices that incorporate trees into farming systems are increasingly demonstrating their promise for producing commercialized tree products. Although the level of investment so far has remained modest, the challenge is to find ways to scale up promising investments in a way that will have a clear impact at the landscape level. These types of investments can help achieve the triple wins of climate-smart agriculture: increased incomes and yields, climate change adaptation and greenhouse gas mitigation.Market trends are promising for a wide range of tree-based technologies, including tropical fruits, cashews, honey, timber and wood products, lipids, gums and resins, tree crops, and agroforestry systems. In many cases, African entrepreneurs, farmers, civil society, and governments have responded dynamically to the widespread challenge of land degradation. The continent is dotted with landscapes where production of trees on farms and in managed forests has grown dramatically to meet market and subsistence needs; sustainable agricultural practices and revegetation have restored soils and watersheds; and key conservation areas are being protected. However, this is not happening at the scale required by societal needs in Africa. In part, this is due to a lack of strategic cooperation and coordination between private sector investors and land managers (who are focused on realizing profitable opportunities and meeting their own needs) and public and civil society actors (who are focused on restoring forest cover and ecosystem services). Such coordination is only possible when the biophysical potential for landscape restoration, private sector investment opportunity and incentives, and societal demand for multiple benefits converge. Much can be learned from examples of large-scale landscape restoration in Ethiopia, Kenya, Niger, Tanzania, and Zambia, and the variable roles of the private sector, farmers, government, and civil society in supporting and undertaking investment.

Afforestation --- African Development Bank --- Agribusiness --- Agricultural Productivity --- Agricultural Research --- Agriculture --- Bananas --- Biodiversity --- Carbon Dioxide --- Carbon Sequestration --- Clean Development Mechanism --- Climate Change --- Cocoa --- Coffee --- Crop Diversification --- Crop Yields --- Crops --- Crops & Crop Management Systems --- Decision Making --- Deforestation --- Developed Countries --- Economic Development --- Economies of Scale --- Ecosystems --- Environment --- Environment and Natural Resources Management --- Environmental Economics & Policies --- Farming --- Farmland --- Fertilizer --- Financial and Private Sector Development --- Food Security --- Forests --- Fossil Fuels --- Fuelwood --- Land Administration and Management --- Land Management --- Livestock --- Logging --- Maize --- Natural Resources --- Oil Palm --- Other Environment and Natural Resources Management --- Other Financial and Private Sector Development --- Plantations --- Population Growth --- Rural Development --- Seeds --- Soil Erosion --- Streams --- Sugar --- Transaction Costs --- Tree Crops --- Trees --- United Nations --- United Nations Development Programme --- Urbanization --- Wildlife Resources