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Despite 21st-century fears of a modern 'epidemic' of loneliness, its history has been sorely neglected.' A Biography of Loneliness' is the first history of its kind to be published in English, offering a radically new interpretation of loneliness as an emotional language and experience. Using letters and diaries, philosophical tracts, political discussions, and medical literature from the eighteenth century to the present, historian of the emotions Fay Bound Alberti argues that loneliness is not an ahistorical, universal phenomenon. It is, in fact, a modern emotion: before 1800, its language did not exist. As Alberti shows, the birth of loneliness is linked to the development of modernity: the all-encompassing ideology of the individual that has emerged in the mind and physical sciences, in economic structures, in philosophy and politics. While it has a biography of its own, loneliness impacts on people differently, according to their gender, ethnicity, religion, outlook, and socio-economic position. It is, Alberti argues, not a single state but an 'emotion cluster', composed of a wide variety of responses that include fear, anger, resentment and sorrow. In spite of this, loneliness is not always negative. And it is physical as well as psychological: loneliness is a product of the body as much as the mind. Looking at informative case studies such as Sylvia Plath, Queen Victoria, and Virginia Woolf, A Biography of Loneliness charts the emergence of loneliness as a modern emotional state. From social media addiction to widowhood, from homelessness to the oldest old, from mall hauls to massages, loneliness appears in all aspects of 21st-century life. Yet we cannot address its meanings, let alone formulate a cure, without attention to its complex, protean history.

Loneliness --- Ostracism (Psychology) --- Nostalgia --- Homelessness --- Philosophy

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Exile (Punishment) --- Merchant mariners --- Merchant marine --- Merchant seamen --- Sailors --- Banishment --- Deportation as a punishment --- Ostracism (Exile) --- Alternatives to imprisonment --- History --- Personnel --- Hasenbosch, Leendert, --- Dutch literature

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Political prisoners --- Exile (Punishment) --- Banishment --- Deportation as a punishment --- Ostracism (Exile) --- Alternatives to imprisonment --- Šimaitė, Ona, --- Šukys, Julija --- Exile. --- Family. --- Shuḳis, Yuliyah --- שוקים, יוליה --- Shimayeṭeh, Onah,

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A community is defined not only by inclusion but also by exclusion. Seventeenth-century New England Puritans, themselves exiled from one society, ruthlessly invoked the law of banishment from another: over time, hundreds of people were forcibly excluded from this developing but sparsely settled colony. Nan Goodman suggests that the methods of banishment rivaled-even overpowered-contractual and constitutional methods of inclusion as the means of defining people and place. The law and rhetoric that enacted the exclusion of certain parties, she contends, had the inverse effect of strengthening the connections and collective identity of those that remained. Banished investigates the practices of social exclusion and its implications through the lens of the period's common law. For Goodman, common law is a site of negotiation where the concepts of community and territory are more fluid and elastic than has previously been assumed for Puritan society. Her legal history brings fresh insight to well-known as well as more obscure banishment cases, including those of Anne Hutchinson, Roger Williams, Thomas Morton, the Quakers, and the Indians banished to Deer Island during King Philip's War. Many of these cases were driven less by the religious violations that may have triggered them than by the establishment of rules for membership in a civil society. Law provided a language for the Puritans to know and say who they were-and who they were not. Banished reveals the Puritans' previously neglected investment in the legal rhetoric that continues to shape our understanding of borders, boundaries, and social exclusion.

Puritans --- Common law --- Exile (Punishment) --- Anglo-American law --- Law, Anglo-American --- Customary law --- Banishment --- Deportation as a punishment --- Ostracism (Exile) --- Alternatives to imprisonment --- History --- New England --- Northeastern States --- Civilization --- American History. --- American Studies. --- Cultural Studies. --- Law. --- Literature.

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Banishment was crucial to law enforcement in early modern Europe, as magistrates used expulsion to punish and control thousands of offenders convicted of crimes ranging from adultery to theft. While early modern social control has attracted considerable scholarly attention in recent decades, banishment has been largely neglected. This book examines the role of banishment in sixteenth-century Ulm, an important south German city-state, using the town’s experience to uncover how early modern magistrates used expulsion to regulate and reorder society. This investigation sheds new light on the application of authority, the intersection between official disciplinary efforts and customary behavioral norms, and the function of public expulsion in displaying and defending social hierarchies, issues central to our historical understanding of the period.

History of the law --- History of Germany and Austria --- anno 1500-1599 --- Ulm --- Exile (Punishment) --- Ulm (Germany) --- History --- Social conditions --- Exile (Punishment) -- Germany -- Ulm -- 16th century. --- Ulm (Germany) -- History -- 16th century. --- Ulm (Germany) -- Social conditions -- 16th century. --- Germany --- Regions & Countries - Europe --- History & Archaeology --- Banishment --- Deportation as a punishment --- Ostracism (Exile) --- Alternatives to imprisonment