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Aim and hypotheses. In a previous work, it was shown that alcoholic patients ingest abnormally large amounts of liquids. This consumption could be due to deterioration in osmoregulation. The aim of the present work is to study water consumption and osmolality in patients during withdrawal as well as the ability of osmolality regulation in abstinent patients.
Subjects. Two samples of patients were studied. The first one was composed of 17 patients hospitalized at the Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc (Unité Intégrée d’Hépatologie) for alcoholic withdrawal and follow-up during 3 weeks. They were compared to a control group composed of 15 healthy volunteers. The second sample was composed of 14 subjects abstinent for more than 3 months. They were compared to a control group composed of 13 healthy volunteers.
Results. Our alcohol-dependent sample showed a significantly larger water intake than control patients, before and after weaning. The SSRIs seemed to induce a larger liquid intake in alcoholic patients treated with this kind of antidepressants. On the other hand, the sort of alcohol consumed seemed to influence the total water intake. The beer drinkers consumed statistically more liquid than spirit and wine drinkers.
The plasma osmolality of alcoholic patients was very high at the moment of entrance to hospital and returned to normal values two weeks after weaning. The increase in osmolality seemed directly related to the osmolar loading brought by alcohol. The plasma osmolality values at the moment of entrance were higher than the thirst threshold and could influence the loss of consumption control.
In abstinent subjects, osmolality is abnormally elevated before thirst test and water deprivation induced a less appropriate response than in control subjects.
Conclusion. Prolonged alcohol consumption could induce short- and long-term changes in mechanisms regulating plasma osmolality. These changes could play a role in the alcoholic dependence phenomenon via a deregulation of the thirst mechanisms But et hypothèses. Il a été montré lors d'un précédent travail que les patients alcooliques ingèrent des quantités anormalement élevées de liquide. Cette consommation pourrait être liée à une altération de l'osmorégulation. Le but de cette étude est d'étudier la consommation d’eau et l'osmolalité des patients en cours de sevrage ainsi que les capacités de régulation de l'osmolalité chez des sujets sevrés.
Sujets. Nous avons étudié deux échantillons de sujets. Le 1er est composé de 17 patients hospitalisés aux Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc (Unité Intégrée d'Hépatologie) pour sevrage alcoolique et suivis pendant 3 semaines. Ils sont comparés à un groupe contrôle composé de 15 volontaires sains. Le second échantillon est composé de 14 sujets sevrés depuis plus de 3 mois. Ils sont comparés à un groupe contrôle composé de 13 volontaires sains.
Résultats. Notre échantillon dépendant de l'alcool présente des apports hydriques significativement supérieurs à ceux des sujets contrôles, avant et après sevrage. Les SSRIs semblent provoquer une ingestion de liquide plus élevée chez les patients alcooliques traités par ce type d'antidépresseurs. En outre, le type d'alcool consommé semble influencer l'apport hydrique total. Les buveurs de bière consomment significativement plus de liquide que les buveurs d'alcools forts et de vin.
L'osmolalité plasmatique des patients alcooliques est très élevée à l'admission et retrouve des valeurs normales après deux semaines de sevrage. L'augmentation d'osmolalité semble directement liée à la charge osmolaire représentée par l'alcool. Les valeurs d'osmolalité plasmatique à l'admission sont nettement supérieures au seuil de la soif et pourraient participer à dans la perte de contrôle de la consommation, propre aux patients alcooliques.
Le test à la soif réalisé chez les sujets alcooliques sevrés révèle que l'osmolalité plasmatique est élevée en baseline ainsi qu'une moins bonne réponse à la privation d'eau que les sujets contrôles.
Conclusion. La consommation prolongée d’alcool pourrait induire des modifications à court et long terme des mécanismes de régulation de l'osmolalité plasmatique. Ces modifications pourraient jouer un rôle dans le phénomène dépendance alcoolique, par une dérégulation du déclenchement du réflexe de la soif

Osmolar Concentration --- Alcoholism --- Vasopressins --- Alcohols --- Humans --- Water-Electrolyte Imbalance

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Body Fluids --- Vasopressins --- Osmolar Concentration --- Water-Electrolyte Imbalance --- pharmacology

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Biological techniques --- Chlorides --- Membrane Potentials --- Osmolar Concentration --- Solutions --- Tissue Preservation --- Ionic Strength --- Osmolality --- Osmolarity --- Concentration, Osmolar --- Concentrations, Osmolar --- Ionic Strengths --- Osmolalities --- Osmolar Concentrations --- Osmolarities --- Strength, Ionic --- Strengths, Ionic --- Diuresis --- Water-Electrolyte Balance --- Resting Membrane Potential --- Transmembrane Electrical Potential Difference --- Transmembrane Potential Difference --- Resting Potentials --- Transmembrane Potentials --- Difference, Transmembrane Potential --- Differences, Transmembrane Potential --- Membrane Potential --- Membrane Potential, Resting --- Membrane Potentials, Resting --- Potential Difference, Transmembrane --- Potential Differences, Transmembrane --- Potential, Membrane --- Potential, Resting --- Potential, Transmembrane --- Potentials, Membrane --- Potentials, Resting --- Potentials, Transmembrane --- Resting Membrane Potentials --- Resting Potential --- Transmembrane Potential --- Transmembrane Potential Differences --- Cell Membrane --- physiology --- analysis --- methods --- Osmolar Concentration. --- Delta Psi

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This book presents the latest results in the exploration of halophilic bacteria, archaea, fungi and viruses. Basic and molecular aspects as well as possible biotechnological applications of halophiles are highlighted by leading scientists. Topics include: the family Halomonadaceae; the hypersaline lakes of Inner Mongolia ; Salinibacter ruber - from genomics to microevolution and ecology; the impact of lipidomics on the microbial world of hypersaline environments; molecular mechanisms of adaptation to high salt concentration in the black yeast Hortaea werneckii; viruses in hypersaline environments; initiation and regulation of translation in halophilic Archaea; protein transport into and across haloarchaeal cytoplasmic membranes; protein glycosylation in Haloferax volcanii; the effect of anoxic conditions and temperature on gas vesicle formation in Halobacterium salinarum; halophiles exposed to multiple stressors; cellular adjustments of Bacillus subtilis to fluctuating salinities; the nature and function of carotenoids in Halobacillus halophilus; xanthorhodopsin; enzymatic biomass degradation by halophilic microorganisms; and enzymes from halophilic Archaea.

Adaptation, Physiological. --- Archaebacteria. --- Halophilic microorganisms. --- Prokaryotes. --- Halophilic microorganisms --- Bacteria --- Salinity --- Metabolic Phenomena --- Organisms --- Osmolar Concentration --- Adaptation, Physiological --- Archaea --- Environment --- Biology --- Physicochemical Phenomena --- Physiological Processes --- Phenomena and Processes --- Chemical Phenomena --- Environment and Public Health --- Biological Science Disciplines --- Ecological and Environmental Phenomena --- Physiological Phenomena --- Health Care --- Biological Phenomena --- Natural Science Disciplines --- Disciplines and Occupations --- Seawater --- Metabolism --- Salt-Tolerance --- Euryarchaeota --- Halobacteriales --- Microbiology --- Health & Biological Sciences --- Microbiology & Immunology --- Salinity. --- Metabolism. --- Germs --- Microbes --- Micro-organisms, Halophilic --- Life sciences. --- Microbiology. --- Microbial ecology. --- Microbial genetics. --- Microbial genomics. --- Life Sciences. --- Microbial Ecology. --- Microbial Genetics and Genomics. --- Applied Microbiology. --- Salts --- Prokaryotes --- Halophilic organisms --- Microorganisms --- Genomics --- Microbial genetics --- Genetics --- Microbial biology --- Environmental microbiology --- Ecology