Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

Countries in the Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan, and Pakistan (MENAP) region and those in the Caucasus and Central Asia (CCA) responded to the COVID-19 pandemic with swift and stringent measures to mitigate its spread and impact but continue to face an uncertain and difficult environment. Oil exporters were particularly hard hit by a “double-whammy” of the economic impact of lockdowns and the resulting sharp decline in oil demand and prices. Containing the health crisis, cushioning income losses, and expanding social spending remain immediate priorities. However, governments must also begin to lay the groundwork for recovery and rebuilding stronger, including by addressing legacies from the crisis and strengthening inclusion.

Saudi Arabia --- Investments: Energy --- Exports and Imports --- Finance: General --- Labor --- Macroeconomics --- Macroeconomic Policy, Macroeconomic Aspects of Public Finance, and General Outlook: General --- Crisis Management --- Sports --- Gambling --- Restaurants --- Recreation --- Tourism --- National Government Expenditures and Education --- Energy: General --- Fiscal Policy --- Remittances --- Banks --- Depository Institutions --- Micro Finance Institutions --- Mortgages --- Financial Institutions and Services: Government Policy and Regulation --- Education --- Health economics --- Monetary economics --- Hospitality, leisure & tourism industries --- Investment & securities --- Finance --- Labour --- income economics --- International economics --- COVID-19 --- Health --- Crisis management --- Crisis recovery and resolution planning --- Fluctuating oil revenues --- Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) --- Monetary policy --- Regional Economic Outlook --- Economic forecasting --- Oil --- Fiscal space --- Stress testing --- Credit --- Oil and gas leases --- Petroleum industry and trade --- Fiscal policy --- International finance --- Financial services industry --- Financial risk management --- Covid-19 --- Income economics