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This book describes the latest research on the gut-kidney axis of ureic solutes; the toxico-pathological mechanisms of uremic toxin-induced organ failure, including kidney and cardiovascular tissue; and the preventive therapeutic strategies for uremia and related organ failure associated with kidney injuries and diseases. Retained uremic toxins cause a variety of symptoms, such as hypertension, fatigue, renal anemia, osteoporosis and neurologic impairment, which are apparent in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients. The human gastrointestinal tract contains trillions of microorganisms, referred to as gut microbiota, which support the host metabolism by producing nutrients, such as vitamins and short-chain fatty acids. However, they also produce various harmful uremic toxins that show renal and cardiovascular toxicity, and correlate with an increased mortality in CKD patients. The composition and balance of gut microbiota are associated with the accumulation of uremic toxins and the pathophysiology of CKD, and as such are being considered for a novel therapeutic strategy.

Nephrology. --- Gastroenterology . --- Cardiology. --- Gastroenterology. --- Heart --- Internal medicine --- Digestive organs --- Kidneys --- Diseases --- Uremia. --- Multiple organ failure. --- Multiorgan failure --- Multisystem organ failure --- Organ failure, Multiple --- Pathology --- Uraemia --- Azotemia

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This book on post-injury multiple organ failure (MOF) offers a comprehensive overview and clinically focused practical guide to treating the condition. MOF is arguably the most difficult complication to manage in polytrauma patients and is responsible for the majority of trauma deaths among patients who survived the first 24 hours after injury. Beyond mortality, it has a major impact on healthcare resource utilization and a persistent negative effect on patients’ long-term reported outcomes. This book is edited by surgeons who are passionate about the topic, and about optimizing the outcomes for polytrauma patients. Grasping the fascinating pathophysiology of MOF is essential for providing patients with quality early care. Each chapter highlights key learning objectives, historical perspectives, diagnostic and therapeutic pearls, and includes a must-know summary, additional reading suggestions and future research directions. Flowcharts, decision-making guides, summary tables, graphics and clinical photographs help to maximize the learning experience and to ensure readers retain what they’ve learned. The book fills a unique niche area for many specialties dedicated to critical care of polytrauma patients and to their management before and beyond intensive care.

Multiple organ failure. --- Multiple organ failure --- Critical care medicine. --- Treatment. --- Intensive care --- Intensive medicine --- Medicine --- Emergency medicine --- Intensive care units --- Multiorgan failure --- Multisystem organ failure --- Organ failure, Multiple --- Pathology --- Surgery. --- Emergency medicine. --- Anesthesiology. --- Midwifery. --- Pediatrics. --- Emergency Medicine. --- Intensive Care Medicine. --- Paediatrics --- Pediatric medicine --- Children --- Nursing specialties --- Midwives --- Anaesthesiology --- Surgery --- Medicine, Emergency --- Critical care medicine --- Disaster medicine --- Medical emergencies --- Surgery, Primitive --- Diseases --- Health and hygiene --- Insuficiència sistèmica