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This paper attempts to locate current theories about the " principle of charity " within a tradition of thought dealing with the anthropological problem : what is the right way to gain an understanding of other languages, other cultures, other languages ? Traditionally, the answer has been provided by a philosophical doctrine of common sense (all human beings share the same forms of exercising their rational powers). Quine's radical translator and Davidson's radical interprator belong to such a tradition, which does not seem to take into account the facts of human diversity. However, a common sense philosophy inspired by Vico and Wittgenstein should be able to make room both for " charity " (by means of a general common sense shared by all human beings) and for the diversity of forms of life (expressed in local particular common senses within each culture).

Ordinary-language philosophy.

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On a longtemps considéré Wittgenstein comme un anti-mentaliste qui niait l'existence ou l'intérêt des processus ou états mentaux. En réalité il lutte contre des mythes par exemple celui de l'intériorité et non pas contre le sujet intériorité. La seule façon d'échapper à l'emprise des mythes est de trouver une manière non mystifiante de parler de la vie mentale, donc d'étudier la grammaire de nos concepts psychologiques pour nous défaire des images incrustées dans notre langage.

Ordinary-language philosophy. --- Phenomenological psychology. --- Wittgenstein, Ludwig,

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A new form of philosophizing known as ordinary language philosophy took root in England after the Second World War, promising a fresh start and a way out of long-standing dead-end philosophical debates. Pioneered by Wittgenstein, Austin, and others, OLP is now widely rumored, within mainstream analytic philosophy, to have been seriously discredited, and consequently its perspective is ignored. Avner Baz begs to differ. In When Words Are Called For, he shows how the prevailing arguments against OLP collapse under close scrutiny. All of them, he claims, presuppose one version or another of the very conception of word-meaning that OLP calls into question and takes to be responsible for many traditional philosophical difficulties. Worse, analytic philosophy itself has suffered as a result of its failure to take OLP's perspective seriously. Baz blames a neglect of OLP's insights for seemingly irresolvable disputes over the methodological relevance of "intuitions" in philosophy and for misunderstandings between contextualists and anti-contextualists (or "invariantists") in epistemology. Baz goes on to explore the deep affinities between Kant's work and OLP and suggests ways that OLP could be applied to other philosophically troublesome concepts. When Words Are Called For defends OLP not as a doctrine but as a form of practice that might provide a viable alternative to work currently carried out within mainstream analytic philosophy. Accordingly, Baz does not merely argue for OLP but, all the more convincingly, practices it in this eye-opening book.

Ordinary-language philosophy. --- Language and languages --- Ordinary-language analysis --- Ordinary-language method --- Philosophy, Ordinary-language --- Analysis (Philosophy) --- Philosophy. --- Philosophy --- Ordinary-language philosophy --- Language and languages - Philosophy

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Psycholinguistics --- Language. --- Languages --- Dialect --- Dialects --- Language and logic --- Inference --- Reasoning --- Ordinary-language philosophy --- Language

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Il suffit de tirer le fil d’un seul mot et ce sont bien d’autres mots qui reviennent à nous, mots du passé, de nos désirs, de la politique, de la littérature, etc. Ce livre propose de faire cette expérience déconcertante à partir du mot « spécial ». Expérience de lecture qui entretient aussi le besoin de philosophie comme expérience singulière sans fin du langage dans le monde et du monde dans le langage.

French language --- French language --- Language and languages --- Ordinary-language philosophy. --- Etymology. --- Semantics. --- Philosophy