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"Autonomous Robot-Aided Optical Manipulation for Biological Cells gives a systematically and almost self-contained description of the many facets of modeling, sensing, and control techniques or experimentally exploring emerging trends in optical manipulation of biological cell in micro/nanorobotics systems. To achieve biomedical applications, reliability design, modeling, and precision control are vitally important for the development of engineering systems. With the advances in modeling, sensing, and control techniques, it is opportunistic to exploit them for the benefit of reliability design, actuation, and precision control of micro/nanomanipulation systems to expanding the applications of robot at the micro and nano scales, especially in biomedical engineering. This book presents new techniques in reliability modeling and advanced control of robot-aided optical manipulation of biological cells systems. The book will be beneficial to the researchers within robotics, mechatronics, biomedical engineering, and automatic control society, including both academic and industrial parts"--Page 4 of cover.

Optical tweezers. --- Tweezers, Optical --- Optoelectronic devices

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The mechanical properties of cells are largely determined by the cytoskeleton. The cytoskeleton is an intricate and complex structure formed by protein filaments, motor proteins, and crosslinkers. The three main types of protein filaments are microtubules, actin filaments, and intermediate filaments ( IFs ). Whereas the proteins that form microtubules and actin filaments are exceptionally conserved throughout cell types and organisms, the family of IFs is diverse. For example, the IF protein vimentin is expressed in relatively motile fibroblasts, and keratin IFs are found in epithelial cells. This variety of IF proteins might therefore be linked to the various mechanical properties of different cell types. In the scope of this thesis, I combine studies of IF mechanics on different time scales and in systems of increasing complexity, from single filaments to networks in cells. This multiscale approach allows for the simplification necessary to interpret observations while adding increasing physiological context in subsequent experiments. We especially focus on the tunability of the IF mechanics by environmental cues in these increasingly complex systems. In a series of experiments, including single filament elongation studies, single filament stretching measurements with optical tweezers, filament-filament interaction measurements with four optical tweezers, microrheology, and isotropic cell stretching, we characterize how electrostatic (pH and ion concentration) and hydrophobic interactions (detergent) provide various mechanisms by which the mechanics of the IF cytoskeleton can be tuned. These studies reveal how small changes, such as charge shifts, influence IF mechanics on multiple scales. In combination with simulations, we determine the mechanisms by which charge shifts alter single vimentin filament mechanics and we extract energy landscapes for interactions between single filaments. Such insights will provide a deeper understanding of the mechanisms by which cells can maintain their integrity and adapt to the mechanical requirements set by their environment.

Cytoplasmic filaments. --- Optical tweezers. --- Cells --- Mechanical properties.

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Fundamental Tests of Physics with Optically Trapped Microspheres details experiments on studying the Brownian motion of an optically trapped microsphere with ultrahigh resolution and the cooling of its motion towards the quantum ground state. Glass microspheres were trapped in water, air, and vacuum with optical tweezers; and a detection system that can monitor the position of a trapped microsphere with Angstrom spatial resolution and microsecond temporal resolution was developed to study the Brownian motion of a trapped microsphere in air over a wide range of pressures. The instantaneous velocity of a Brownian particle, in particular, was measured for the very first time, and the results provide direct verification of the Maxwell-Boltzmann velocity distribution and the energy equipartition theorem for a Brownian particle. For short time scales, the ballistic regime of Brownian motion is observed, in contrast to the usual diffusive regime. In vacuum, active feedback is used to cool the center-of-mass motion of an optically trapped microsphere from room temperature to a minimum temperature of about 1.5 mK. This is an important step toward studying the quantum behaviors of a macroscopic particle trapped in vacuum.

Diffusion. --- Microspheres. --- Physics. --- Microphysics --- Optical tweezers --- Physics --- Physical Sciences & Mathematics --- Atomic Physics --- Thermodynamics --- Microphysics. --- Optical tweezers. --- Tweezers, Optical --- Quantum physics. --- Thermodynamics. --- Low temperature physics. --- Low temperatures. --- Nanoscale science. --- Nanoscience. --- Nanostructures. --- Statistical physics. --- Dynamical systems. --- Quantum Physics. --- Nanoscale Science and Technology. --- Low Temperature Physics. --- Statistical Physics, Dynamical Systems and Complexity. --- Optoelectronic devices --- Quantum theory. --- Complex Systems. --- Statistical Physics and Dynamical Systems. --- Mathematical statistics --- Quantum dynamics --- Quantum mechanics --- Quantum physics --- Mechanics --- Chemistry, Physical and theoretical --- Dynamics --- Heat --- Heat-engines --- Quantum theory --- Statistical methods --- Nano science --- Nanoscale science --- Nanosciences --- Science --- Dynamical systems --- Kinetics --- Mathematics --- Mechanics, Analytic --- Force and energy --- Statics --- Cryogenics --- Low temperature physics --- Temperatures, Low --- Temperature --- Cold --- Nanoscience

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Lasers. --- 621.375 --- #KVIV --- 621.375 Amplifiers --- Amplifiers --- Continuous Wave Lasers --- Pulsed Lasers --- Q-Switched Lasers --- Masers --- Continuous Wave Laser --- Laser --- Laser, Continuous Wave --- Laser, Pulsed --- Laser, Q-Switched --- Lasers, Continuous Wave --- Lasers, Pulsed --- Lasers, Q-Switched --- Maser --- Pulsed Laser --- Q Switched Lasers --- Q-Switched Laser --- Optical Tweezers --- Laser Therapy --- Optics. Quantum optics --- Lasers

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Lasers --- Lasers. --- Continuous Wave Lasers --- Pulsed Lasers --- Q-Switched Lasers --- Masers --- Continuous Wave Laser --- Laser --- Laser, Continuous Wave --- Laser, Pulsed --- Laser, Q-Switched --- Lasers, Continuous Wave --- Lasers, Pulsed --- Lasers, Q-Switched --- Maser --- Pulsed Laser --- Q Switched Lasers --- Q-Switched Laser --- Light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation --- Masers, Optical --- Optical masers --- Optical Tweezers --- Laser Therapy --- Light amplifiers --- Light sources --- Optoelectronic devices --- Nonlinear optics --- Optical parametric oscillators --- Chemistry --- Engineering --- Physics --- Physical Chemistry --- Civil Engineering --- Condensed Matter Physics --- Nuclear Physics --- Optics & Opto Electronics --- Radiation