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"What are the recent developments in the field of Metrology?" International leading experts answer this question providing both state of the art presentation and a road map to the future of measurement science. The book is organized in six sections according to the areas of expertise, namely: Introduction; Length, Distance and Surface; Voltage, Current and Frequency; Optics; Time and Relativity; Biology and Medicine. Theoretical basis and applications are explained in accurate and comprehensive manner, providing a valuable reference to researchers and professionals.

Optical radiometry. --- Optical radiation measurement --- Optical measurements --- Radiation --- Measurement --- Industry & industrial studies

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Covering a wide range of topics related to neutron and x-ray optics, this book explores the aspects of neutron and x-ray optics and their associated background and applications in a manner accessible to both lower-level students while retaining the detail necessary to advanced students and researchers. It is a self-contained book with detailed mathematical derivations, background, and physical concepts presented in a linear fashion. A wide variety of sources were consulted and condensed to provide detailed derivations and coverage of the topics of neutron and x-ray optics as well as the bac

Neutron optics. --- X-ray optics. --- X-rays -- Diffraction. --- Neutron optics --- X-ray optics --- Optical detectors --- Optical radiometry --- Radiation, Ionizing --- Elementary Particles --- Physical Phenomena --- Phenomena and Processes --- Radiation --- Electromagnetic Phenomena --- Neutrons --- X-Rays --- Optical Phenomena --- Physics --- Physical Sciences & Mathematics --- Nuclear Physics --- Optical detectors. --- Optical radiometry. --- Optical radiation measurement --- Optical measurements --- Light-sensitive cells --- Light-sensitive detectors --- Light sensor photodevices --- Photodetectors --- Photodevices, Light sensor --- Photoelectric detectors --- Photosensors --- Detectors --- Optical transducers --- Optoelectronic devices --- Roentgen optics --- Physical optics --- Optics, Neutron --- Optics --- Measurement

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Applied Photometry, Radiometry, and Measurements of Optical Losses reviews and analyzes physical concepts of radiation transfer, providing quantitative foundation for the means of measurements of optical losses, which affect propagation and distribution of light waves in various media and in diverse optical systems and components. The comprehensive analysis of advanced methodologies for low-loss detection is outlined in comparison with the classic photometric and radiometric observations, having a broad range of techniques examined and summarized: from interferometric and calorimetric, resonator and polarization, phase-shift and ring-down decay, wavelength and frequency modulation to pulse separation and resonant, acousto-optic and emissive - subsequently compared to direct and balancing methods for studying free-space and polarization optics, fibers and waveguides. The material is focused on applying optical methods and procedures for evaluation of transparent, reflecting, scattering, absorbing, and aggregated objects, and for determination of power and energy parameters of radiation and color properties of light.

Optical losses --- Photometry --- Engineering & Applied Sciences --- Physics --- Physical Sciences & Mathematics --- Light & Optics --- Applied Physics --- Nuclear Physics --- Photometry. --- Optical radiometry. --- Measurement. --- Optical radiation measurement --- Electric light --- Light, Electric --- Losses, Optical --- Optical coupler losses --- Optical fiber losses --- Optical waveguide losses --- Physics. --- Physical measurements. --- Microwaves. --- Optical engineering. --- Optics, Lasers, Photonics, Optical Devices. --- Classical Electrodynamics. --- Microwaves, RF and Optical Engineering. --- Measurement Science and Instrumentation. --- Optical measurements --- Radiation --- Electromagnetic measurements --- Physical optics --- Measurement --- Hertzian waves --- Electric waves --- Electromagnetic waves --- Geomagnetic micropulsations --- Radio waves --- Shortwave radio --- Lasers. --- Photonics. --- Optics. --- Electrodynamics. --- Measurement   . --- Measuring --- Mensuration --- Mathematics --- Technology --- Metrology --- Physical measurements --- Measurements, Physical --- Mathematical physics --- Mechanical engineering --- Dynamics --- Light --- New optics --- Optics --- Light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation --- Masers, Optical --- Optical masers --- Light amplifiers --- Light sources --- Optoelectronic devices --- Nonlinear optics --- Optical parametric oscillators