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One of the most active areas in atomic, molecular and optical physics is the use of ultracold atomic gases in optical lattices to simulate the behaviour of electrons in condensed matter systems. The larger mass, longer length scale, and tuneable interactions in these systems allow the dynamics of atoms moving in these systems to be followed in real time, and resonant light scattering by the atoms allows this motion to be probed on a microscopic scale using site-resolved imaging. This book reviews the physics of Hubbard-type models for both bosons and fermions in an optical lattice, which give rise to a rich variety of insulating and conducting phases depending on the lattice properties and interparticle interactions. It also discusses the effect of disorder on the transport of atoms in these models, and the recently discovered phenomenon of many-body localization. It presents several examples of experiments using both density and momentum imaging and quantum gas microscopy to study the motion of atoms in optical lattices. These illustrate the power and flexibility of ultracold-lattice analogues for exploring exotic states of matter at an unprecedented level of precision.

Hubbard model. --- Many-body problem. --- Quantum theory. --- Low temperatures. --- Optical lattices. --- Quantum physics (quantum mechanics & quantum field theory) --- SCIENCE / Physics / Quantum Theory.

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This book illustrates the history of Atomic Physics and shows how its most recent advances allow the possibility of performing precise measurements and achieving an accurate control on the atomic state. Written in an introductory style, this book is addressed to advanced undergraduate and graduate students, as well as to more experienced researchers who need to remain up-to-date with the most recent advances. The book focuses on experimental investigations, illustrating milestoneexperiments and key experimental techniques, and discusses the results and the challenges of contemporary research.

Quantum optics. --- Optical lattices. --- Quantum theory. --- Physical measurements. --- Ultracold neutrons. --- Nuclear physics. --- Atomic nuclei --- Atoms, Nuclei of --- Nucleus of the atom --- Physics --- Ultra-cold neutrons --- Cold neutrons --- Measurements, Physical --- Mathematical physics --- Measurement --- Quantum dynamics --- Quantum mechanics --- Quantum physics --- Mechanics --- Thermodynamics --- Optoelectronics --- Optics --- Photons --- Quantum theory --- Nuclear physics --- Physique nucléaire

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This highly interdisciplinary thesis covers a wide range of topics relating to the interface of cold atoms, quantum simulation, quantum magnetism and disorder. With a self-contained presentation, it provides a broad overview of the rapidly evolving area of cold atoms and is of interest to both undergraduates and researchers working in the field. Starting with a general introduction to the physics of cold atoms and optical lattices, it extends the theory to that of systems with different multispecies atoms. It advances the theory of many-body quantum systems in excited bands (of optical lattices) through an extensive study of the properties of both the mean-field and strongly correlated regimes. Particular emphasis is given to the context of quantum simulation, where as shown here, the orbital degree of freedom in excited bands allows the study of exotic models of magnetism not easily achievable with the previous alternative systems. In addition, it proposes a new model Hamiltonian that serves as a quantum simulator of various disordered systems in different symmetry classes that can easily be reproduced experimentally. This is of great interest, especially for the study of disorder in 2D quantum systems. .

Physics. --- Quantum physics. --- Phase transformations (Statistical physics). --- Condensed materials. --- Condensed matter. --- Low temperature physics. --- Low temperatures. --- Quantum computers. --- Spintronics. --- Quantum Gases and Condensates. --- Low Temperature Physics. --- Quantum Information Technology, Spintronics. --- Quantum Physics. --- Optical lattices. --- Quantum theory. --- Quantum dynamics --- Quantum mechanics --- Quantum physics --- Physics --- Mechanics --- Thermodynamics --- Optoelectronics --- Fluxtronics --- Magnetoelectronics --- Spin electronics --- Spinelectronics --- Microelectronics --- Nanotechnology --- Computers --- Cryogenics --- Low temperature physics --- Temperatures, Low --- Temperature --- Cold --- Condensed materials --- Condensed media --- Condensed phase --- Materials, Condensed --- Media, Condensed --- Phase, Condensed --- Liquids --- Matter --- Solids --- Phase changes (Statistical physics) --- Phase transitions (Statistical physics) --- Phase rule and equilibrium --- Statistical physics

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This thesis explores ultracold quantum gases of bosonic and fermionic atoms in optical lattices. The highly controllable experimental setting discussed in this work, has opened the door to new insights into static and dynamical properties of ultracold quantum matter. One of the highlights reported here is the development and application of a novel time-resolved spectroscopy technique for quantum many-body systems. By following the dynamical evolution of a many-body system after a quantum quench, the author shows how the important energy scales of the underlying Hamiltonian can be measured with high precision.  This achievement, its application, and many other exciting results make this thesis of interest to a broad audience ranging from quantum optics to condensed matter physics. A lucid style of writing accompanied by a series of excellent figures make the work accessible to readers outside the rapidly growing research field of ultracold atoms.

Density functionals. --- Interacting boson-fermion models --- Low temperatures --- Optical lattices --- Physics --- Physical Sciences & Mathematics --- Atomic Physics --- Optics. --- Atoms. --- Interference. --- Collisions (Nuclear physics) --- Bombardment with particles --- Electron collisions --- Impact phenomena (Nuclear physics) --- Nuclear collisions --- Particle collisions (Nuclear physics) --- Particles (Nuclear physics) --- Collisions --- Physics. --- Quantum physics. --- Phase transformations (Statistical physics). --- Condensed materials. --- Condensed matter. --- Low temperature physics. --- Low temperatures. --- Quantum computers. --- Spintronics. --- Quantum Gases and Condensates. --- Quantum Information Technology, Spintronics. --- Quantum Physics. --- Low Temperature Physics. --- Collisions (Physics) --- Chemistry, Physical and theoretical --- Matter --- Stereochemistry --- Light --- Constitution --- Quantum theory. --- Quantum dynamics --- Quantum mechanics --- Quantum physics --- Mechanics --- Thermodynamics --- Cryogenics --- Low temperature physics --- Temperatures, Low --- Temperature --- Cold --- Fluxtronics --- Magnetoelectronics --- Spin electronics --- Spinelectronics --- Microelectronics --- Nanotechnology --- Computers --- Condensed materials --- Condensed media --- Condensed phase --- Materials, Condensed --- Media, Condensed --- Phase, Condensed --- Liquids --- Solids --- Phase changes (Statistical physics) --- Phase transitions (Statistical physics) --- Phase rule and equilibrium --- Statistical physics

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The Special Issue contains theoretical and experimental works that report on studies of impurities in quantum gases, fundamental properties and universal aspects of quasiparticles and other related many-body phenomena. Particular focus is placed on the Fermi and Bose polarons. The Special Issue contains ten research articles and two reviews. M. G. Skou et al. report on the experimental observation of time dynamics of Bose polarons. Theoretical studies by H. Tajima et al., L. A. Ardila, and G. Panochko and V. Pastukhov touch upon the physics of multiple impurities, in particular, the induced impurity–impurity interactions in different spatial dimensions and the formation of multi-polaron states. G. M. Koutentakis et al. elaborate on the phenomenon of temporal orthogonality catastrophe in low dimensions. Polaritons in an electron gas are discussed by M. A. Bastarrachea-Magnani et al. M. Brooks et al. describe the emergence of anyons originating from angulons. F. Scazza et al. provide an overview of our current understanding of repulsive Bose and Fermi polarons. C. D’Errico and M. G. Tarallo explicate the effects of disorder in bosonic systems. The Special Issue also includes studies of correlated atom pairs in bosonic mixtures by O. Alon, the behavior of the three-body decay rate coefficients into shallow dimers in mass-imbalanced three-atom systems by P. Giannakeas and C. H. Greene, population and angular momentum transfer in Raman-coupled Bose–Einstein condensates by K. Mukherjee et al.

Research & information: general --- Physics --- Bose–Einstein condensate --- Laguerre–Gaussian --- Raman transition --- cold atoms --- light–matter interaction --- particle transfer --- density pattern --- polaron --- impurity --- spectroscopy of quasiparticles --- interpolaron correlations --- quantum depletion --- ultracold atoms --- Fermi degenerate gases --- Bose–Einstein condensates --- impurity dynamics --- ramsey interferometry --- polarons --- polariton --- Fermi polaron --- Landau theory --- quasiparticle interactions --- mixtures --- identical-boson pairs --- distinguishable-boson pairs --- natural geminals --- natural orbitals --- reduced density matrices --- intra-species reduced density matrices --- inter-species reduced density matrices --- fragmentation --- condensation --- infinite-particle-number limit --- harmonic-interaction models --- pair fragmentation --- Schmidt decomposition --- center-of-mass --- relative center-of-mass --- anyons --- quasiparticles --- Quantum Hall Effect --- topological states of matter --- few-body collisions --- Efimov effect --- mass-imbalanced systems --- recombination --- cold gases in optical lattices --- quantum phase transitions --- disordered systems --- Bose polaron --- pattern formation --- temporal orthogonality catastrophe --- Lee-Low-Pines transformation --- mobile and immobile impurities --- Bose polaron and bipolaron --- effective field theory approach --- induced interaction --- polaron–polaron interaction --- gas of impurities --- quantum–Monte Carlo --- Fermi polarons --- Bose polarons --- repulsive interactions --- metastable quasiparticles --- quasiparticle lifetime --- mediated interactions --- repulsive Fermi gas --- ultracold atomic mixtures