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For more than 400 years, optical glass has provided mankind with a window into both the hidden microcosm and vast outer cosmos of the known universe, transforming philosophy, science, and engineering through its visage and, thus, shaping modern civilization. Its high transmittance, homogeneity, and precisely defined light refraction properties are the preconditions for highly resolved true-color imaging, making it an intrinsic component of technology in general. From consumer products, such as cameras and binoculars, to microscopes and telescopes-the most essential tools of research in many fields-the role of optical glass is integral to the very foundations of modern science and industry.

Optical glass

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Optical industry. --- Optical glass.

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Optical glass. --- Lenses. --- Verre optique --- Lentilles. --- Technologie.

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Glass beads. --- Glass manufacture. --- Glass painting and staining. --- Glassware --- Glassware. --- Miroirs. --- Mirrors. --- Optical glass. --- Peinture sur verre. --- Perles de verre. --- Verre optique. --- Verre --- Verreries --- History. --- Industrie et commerce. --- Histoire.

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John Servos explains the emergence of physical chemistry in America by presenting a series of lively portraits of such pivotal figures as Wilhelm Ostwald, A. A. Noyes, G. N. Lewis, and Linus Pauling, and of key institutions, including MIT, the University of California at Berkeley, and Caltech. In the early twentieth century, physical chemistry was a new hybrid science, the molecular biology of its time. The names of its progenitors were familiar to everyone who was scientifically literate; studies of aqueous solutions and of chemical thermodynamics had transformed scientific knowledge of chemical affinity. By exploring the relationship of the discipline to industry and to other sciences, and by tracing the research of its leading American practitioners, Servos shows how physical chemistry was eclipsed by its own offspring--specialties like quantum chemistry.

Chemistry, Physical and theoretical --- United States --- History --- Chemistry, Physical and theoretical - United States - History. --- Química física --- Historia. --- American Physical Society. --- Arrowsmith. --- Baker Chemical Laboratory. --- Bergman, Torbern. --- Bunsen Gesellschaft. --- Carnegie, Andrew. --- Chemical Foundation. --- Columbia University. --- Coming Glass Company. --- Du Pont Company. --- Eastman Kodak Company. --- General Education Board. --- Guggenheim Foundation. --- Harvard Medical School. --- Hoover, Herbert. --- International Education Board. --- Johnston, John. --- Journal de chimie physique. --- Kopp, Hermann. --- Laplace. --- Leiden, University of. --- Liverpool, University of. --- Marsh, Othniel. --- National Academy of Sciences. --- Nernst, Walther. --- Newburyport. --- Ostwald, Wolfgang. --- Pauli, Wolfgang. --- Princeton University. --- Research Corporation. --- Rodebush, Worth. --- Schmidt, Karl. --- Stockholm Hogskola. --- Tammann, Gustav. --- Thomsen, Julius. --- Waage, Peter. --- Wiedemann, Gustav. --- Wislicenus, Johannes. --- Yerkes Observatory. --- adsorption. --- allgemeine Chemie. --- chemical potential. --- energetics. --- free energies. --- optical glass. --- principle of maximum work. --- resonance. --- solubility-product principle. --- specialization. --- ultramicroscope. --- unit operations.