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Infrastructure made a net contribution of around one percentage point to Nigeria's improved per capita growth performance in recent years, in spite of the fact that unreliable power supplies held growth back. Raising the country's infrastructure endowment to that of the region's middle-income countries could boost annual growth by around 4 percentage points. Among its African peers, Nigeria has relatively advanced power, road, rail, and ICT networks that cover the national territory quite extensively. Extensive reforms are ongoing in the power, ports, ICT, and domestic air transport sectors. But challenges persist. The power sector's operational efficiency and cost recovery has been among the worst in Africa, supplying about half of what is required, with subsequent social costs of about 3.7 percent of GDP. The water and sanitation sector has inefficient operations, with low and declining levels of piped water coverage. Irrigation development is also low relative to the country's substantial potential. In the transport sector, Nigeria's road networks are in poor condition from lack of maintenance, and the country has a poor record on air transport safety. Addressing Nigeria's infrastructure challenges will require sustained expenditure of almost USD 14.2 billion per year over the next decade, or about 12 percent of GDP. Nigeria already spends about USD 5.9 billion. It is well placed to raise the funds needed for infrastructure, given the strength of the national economy, abundant oil revenues, and efforts at electricity cost recovery and other improvements to operations and management.

Cost Recovery --- Culture & Development --- E-Business --- Infrastructure --- Infrastructure Economics --- Infrastructure Economics and Finance --- Operational Efficiency --- Power Sector --- Public Sector Economics --- Town Water Supply and Sanitation --- Transport Economics Policy & Planning --- Nigeria

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Ce travail consiste en l’élaboration d’un outil permettant d’optimiser le planning du design à la mise en production. Ce projet est né pour donner suite à un besoin rencontré par l’entreprise Coexpair.
Aujourd’hui, les entreprises actives dans la production de machine « à usage unique » se doivent d’être réactives, flexibles et compétitives. C’est le cas de l’entreprise Coexpair qui est active dans la mise en œuvre de matériaux composite par le procédé de moulage par transfert de résine (Resin Transfert Molding RTM). Ce procédé nécessite l’utilisation de machine « sur mesure » dédiées à cette activité. C’est pourquoi l’entreprise crée et produit des machines qui doivent répondre à un cahier des charges très précis pour réaliser une pièce en composite destinée à l’aéronautique.
L’objectif de ce travail va consister à développer et mettre en place une méthode au travers de différents outils permettant de faire le lien entre les différents acteurs qui jouent un rôle dans le projet. Cette méthode aura pour but d’optimiser le coût, la qualité et le délai. Pour atteindre l’objectif, il convient de prendre en compte l’aspect ergonomique de la solution proposée. 
Afin de maximiser le taux de réussite de la stratégie mise en place durant l’étude, beaucoup d’informations ont été recueillies sur le terrain auprès d’acteurs impliqués dans le domaine abordé. L'objectif est alors d'utiliser, avec esprit critique, les informations récoltées sur le terrain afin de proposer un travail pertinent et cohérent. This work consists in the development of a tool to optimize the planning from design to production. This project was born following a need met by the company Coexpair.
Today, companies which are active in the production of « single-use » machines must be reactive, flexible, and competitive. This is the case of the company Coexpair which is active in the implementation of composite materials by the resin transfer moulding process (RTM). This process requires the use of "tailor-made" machines dedicated to this activity. That is the reason why the company creates and produces machines that must meet very precise specifications to produce a composite part for the aeronautics industry.
The objective of this work will be to develop and set up a method through different tools allowing to make the link between the different actors who play a role in the project. This method will aim at optimizing cost, quality, and lead time. To achieve the objective, the ergonomic aspect of the proposed solution must be considered. 
In order to maximise the success rate of the strategy implemented during the study, a lot of information was collected in the field from actors involved in the field. The objective was to use, with a critical spirit, the information gathered in the field in order to propose a relevant and coherent work.

Project Management --- Interface Management --- Bill Of Materials --- Design Procedure --- Key Performance Indicator --- Design To Cost --- Operational Efficiency --- Small or Medium-sized Enterprise --- Sciences économiques & de gestion > Gestion des systèmes d'information

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Industrial projects require executing several activities during which design documents are
produced and meetings are organized. Both aspects involve the transfer of information between
departments concurrently working on project activities. In particular, the project team members
are drawn from various departments and depend on each other in executing projects. This thesis
emphasizes the importance of managing these necessary interdependencies: the project
interfaces. In that regard, interface management seems closely linked to the information
management as it requires managing communication, responsibilities, and coordination of
interdependent project parties. Moreover, the thesis highlights the added complexity brought
by a matrix organization and concurrent engineering in the information transfer.
In this context, a methodology is proposed to improve the interface operational
efficiency of a project-oriented matrix organization. The latter is developed at John
Cockerill Industry and starts by identifying critical interface issues. To do so, semi-structured
interviews are conducted with employees. Then, the reported issues are classified in
problematics and a cause-and-effect analysis is conducted to distinguish causes from
consequences. After that, a risk matrix is used to prioritize root causes and choose the ones to
improve. Later on, the scope is described with a Project Scope Statement and the search for
improvements can start. Two approaches are first presented. While the Design Structure Matrix
(DSM) model is used to represent task dependencies, identify critical interfaces and optimize
the project process, checklists are used to ensure the execution of routine tasks so that
management is focused on critical tasks. Both approaches are combined to create a tool for
interface identification and control. In addition, two other tools are created: a user manual for
documentary management and a SharePoint website for meeting information management. The
usefulness of these tools is supported by conducting benchmarking internally (at John Cockerill
Energy) and externally (at Safran Aero Boosters). Finally, two action plans combining three
change management models are defined to help the company initiate their use.
In brief, this thesis highlights the importance of three aspects of project management:
concurrent engineering, documentary management, and meeting information management.
Reaching an efficient interface management requires carefully handling each aspect. Les projets industriels nécessitent l'exécution de plusieurs activités au cours desquelles des
documents de conception sont produits et des réunions sont organisées. Ces deux aspects
impliquent le transfert d'informations entre les départements travaillant simultanément sur les
activités du projet. En particulier, les membres de l'équipe projet sont issus de différents
départements et dépendent les uns des autres dans l'exécution de chaque projet. Ce mémoire
souligne l'importance de gérer ces interdépendances : les interfaces de projet. À cet égard, la
gestion des interfaces semble étroitement liée à la gestion de l'information, car elle nécessite de
gérer la communication, les responsabilités et la coordination des parties interdépendantes du
projet. En outre, ce mémoire souligne la complexité supplémentaire apportée par une
organisation matricielle et une ingénierie simultanée dans le transfert d'informations.
Dans ce contexte, une méthodologie est proposée pour améliorer l'efficacité
opérationnelle des interfaces d'une organisation matricielle orientée projet. Celle-ci est
développée chez John Cockerill Industry et commence par l'identification des problèmes
d’interfaces. Pour ce faire, des entretiens semi-structurés sont menés. Ensuite, les problèmes
identifiés sont classés par problématique et une analyse de cause à effet est effectuée pour
distinguer les causes des conséquences. Par la suite, une matrice des risques est utilisée pour
hiérarchiser les causes profondes et choisir celles pour lesquelles des améliorations doivent être
recherchées. Plus tard, le périmètre est décrit et la recherche d'améliorations peut commencer.
Deux approches sont présentées. Alors que le modèle de la ‘Design Structure Matrix’ (DSM)
est utilisé pour représenter les dépendances entre les tâches, identifier les interfaces critiques et
optimiser le processus du projet, des ‘checklists’ sont utilisées pour assurer l'exécution des
tâches de routine afin de focaliser la gestion sur les tâches critiques. Les deux approches sont
combinées pour créer un outil d'identification et de contrôle des interfaces. En outre, deux autres
outils sont créés : un manuel d'utilisation pour la gestion documentaire et un site SharePoint
pour la gestion des informations échangées pendant les réunions. L'utilité de ces outils a été
étayée par la réalisation d'une analyse comparative en interne (chez John Cockerill Energy) et
en externe (chez Safran Aero Boosters). Enfin, deux plans d'actions combinant trois modèles
de gestion du changement sont définis pour aider l'entreprise à initier leur utilisation.
En résumé, ce mémoire souligne l'importance de trois aspects de la gestion de projet :
l'ingénierie simultanée, la gestion documentaire et la gestion de l'information des réunions. Pour
parvenir à une gestion efficace des interfaces, il faut traiter chaque aspect avec soin.

Interface Management --- Project Management --- Matrix Organization --- Operational Efficiency --- Information Management --- Documentary Management --- Concurrent Engineering --- Design Structure Matrix --- DSM --- Checklists --- Change Management --- Sciences économiques & de gestion > Stratégie & innovation --- Sciences économiques & de gestion > Gestion des systèmes d'information --- Sciences économiques & de gestion > Gestion de l'entreprise & théorie des organisations

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May 2000 - Does private ownership improve on corporate performance in a developing institutional environment? In Lithuania commercial transfer of state property to private owners has significantly improved enterprises' revenue and export performance. Grigorian presents some evidence of improved corporate performance in Lithuania for the period 1995-97. His question: Were these improvements in any way caused by privatization and changes in the environment in which enterprises operate? He presents evidence of correlation between ownership and enterprise performance as measured by increased revenues and improved export performance. Controlling for preselection bias increases the magnitude and significance of private share ownership, which indicates negative selection bias at privatization. On the other hand, (expected) subsidies seem to contribute negatively to enterprise performance. However, the study finds no clear evidence of the effect of market competition on performance indicators in the short run. Grigorian's is the first study to analyze the consequences of commercial (as opposed to mass) privatization in Central and Eastern European countries. This paper - a product of the Private and Financial Sectors Development Sector Unit, Europe and Central Asia Region - is part of a larger effort in the region to study enterprise restructuring in transition. The author may be contacted at dgrigorian@worldbank.org.

Central Planning --- Debt Markets --- Economic Reforms --- Economic Theory and Research --- Emerging Markets --- Enterprise Performance --- Enterprise Restructuring --- Enterprises --- Finance and Financial Sector Development --- Financial Crisis Management and Restructuring --- Financial Literacy --- Investment and Investment Climate --- Macroeconomics and Economic Growth --- Market Competition --- Microfinance --- Operational Efficiency --- Ownership Of Enterprises --- Performance Indicators --- Political Economy --- Private Firms --- Private Owners --- Private Ownership --- Private Sector Development --- Privatization --- Privatization Process --- Privatization Program --- Profit Maximization --- Share Ownership --- State Firms --- State Owned Enterprise Reform --- State Ownership --- State Property