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Digitisation enables open science. Digitisation has many aspects, in particular free access to scholarly publications and materials (Open Access), transparent review procedures (Open Peer Review) or open source technologies (Open Source). The programme Hamburg Open Science (duration 2018-2020) supports, among other things, cultural change in research. It is in this context that the present guide was created. It is intended to make the legal environment tangible. The guide first systematically elaborates the relevant areas of law. The second part answers legal questions about Open Science that come directly from universities and libraries. In this way, the guide is prepared and communicated in a practical manner. The authors of the guide are Dr. Till Kreutzer, partner at the law firm iRights.Law, and their research assistant Henning Lahmann. This second, completely revised and expanded edition was produced with the assistance of Dr. Ina Kaulen, Hamburg State and University Library Carl von Ossietzky.

Hamburg Open Science --- Digitisation --- Openness --- Copyright --- Copyleft --- Usage rights

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This paper shows new empirical regularities indicating that the structure of trade connections affects the trade-growth nexus. System generalized method of moments estimations indicate that key structural features associated with the composition of traded products and partners matter for growth. The results show that increases in the degree of intra-industry trade, greater insertion into the middle of global value chains, and increases in the shares of differentiated goods, skilled labor-intensive goods, and high-tech-intensive goods in traded baskets are all associated with higher income growth. An increase in the share of trade with countries at the core of the global trade network is also associated with greater growth effects. However, many of these effects are non-linear and depend on the degree of trade openness and labor force education. The results suggest that technological diffusion and learning spillovers play some role in the growth effects associated with the nature of trade connections.

Economic Growth --- International Trade --- Intra-Industry Trade --- Labor Skills --- Openness

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Digitisation enables open science. Digitisation has many aspects, in particular free access to scholarly publications and materials (Open Access), transparent review procedures (Open Peer Review) or open source technologies (Open Source). The programme Hamburg Open Science (duration 2018-2020) supports, among other things, cultural change in research. It is in this context that the present guide was created. It is intended to make the legal environment tangible. The guide first systematically elaborates the relevant areas of law. The second part answers legal questions about Open Science that come directly from universities and libraries. In this way, the guide is prepared and communicated in a practical manner. The authors of the guide are Dr. Till Kreutzer, partner at the law firm iRights.Law, and their research assistant Henning Lahmann. This second, completely revised and expanded edition was produced with the assistance of Dr. Ina Kaulen, Hamburg State and University Library Carl von Ossietzky.

Laws of Specific jurisdictions --- Hamburg Open Science --- Digitisation --- Openness --- Copyright --- Copyleft --- Usage rights

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This is volume 3 of a three-volume publication on Bangladesh's trade prospects. Bangladesh's ambition is to build on its very solid growth and poverty reduction achievements, and accelerate growth to become a middle income country by 2021, and share prosperity more widely amongst its citizens. This includes one of its greatest development challenges: to provide gainful employment to the over 2 million people that will join the labor force each year over the next decade. Moreover, only 54.1 million of its 94 million working age people are employed. Bangladesh needs to use its labor endowment even more intensively to increase growth and, in turn, to absorb the incoming labor. The Diagnostic Trade Integration Study identifies the following actions centered around four pillars to sustain and accelerate export growth: (1) breaking into new markets through a) better trade logistics to reduce delivery lags ; as world markets become more competitive and newer products demand shorter lead times, to generate new sources of competitiveness and thereby enable market diversification; and b) better exploitation of regional trading opportunities in nearby growing and dynamic markets, especially East and South Asia; (2) breaking into new products through a) more neutral and rational trade policy and taxation and bonded warehouse schemes; b) concerted efforts to spur domestic investment and attract foreign direct investment, to contribute to export promotion and diversification, including by easing the energy and land constraints; and c) strategic development and promotion of services trade; (3) improving worker and consumer welfare by a) improving skills and literacy; b) implementing labor and work safety guidelines; and c) making safety nets more effective in dealing with trade shocks; and (4) building a supportive environment, including a) sustaining sound macroeconomic fundamentals; and b) strengthening the institutional capacity for strategic policy making aimed at the objective of international competitiveness to help bring focus and coherence to the government's reform efforts. This third volume provides in-depth analysis of eight different manufacturing and services sectors of the Bangladeshi economy, which help to illustrate the thematic analysis of volume 2 and ground it in sector experiences. Besides pointing to cross-cutting themes, the analysis also highlights some specific issues and actions that could help relieve constraints to faster export growth in these sectors.

Competitiveness --- Integration --- Investment --- Openness --- Trade --- Trade Facilitation --- 2000-2099 --- Bangladesh --- Economic policy. --- Economic conditions

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This paper revisits the institutional determinants of foreign direct investment (FDI) using a comprehensive new data set on the regulations that govern FDI in more than 80 countries. It exploits the presence of confirmed zero investment flows between countries to estimate productivity cut-offs of firms that invest abroad profitably. This approach corrects likely biases arising from firm heterogeneity and country selection in a theoretically derived gravity-type model. The analysis finds inward FDI to be highly responsive to cross-country variation in specific institutional provisions, such as arbitration of disputes and legal procedures to establish foreign subsidiaries. The importance of FDI-specific provisions stands out even after controlling for the general quality of institutions. Statutory openness to FDI, however, has no association with actual inflow of investment. These results are found to be robust to different specifications.

Debt Markets --- E-Business --- Economic Theory & Research --- Emerging Markets --- Firm heterogeneity --- Foreign Direct Investment --- Institutions --- International Economics & Trade --- Openness