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Background: The olfactory function is more than ever subject to assessment in daily practice. Unfortunately the available tests suffer from an important response bias. The psychophysical tests are only semi-objectives and are unfit for unreliable patients (children, dements, expertise cases). In other hand, the electrophysiological testing needs the use of selective compounds for olfactory and trigeminal system, as well as strictly stable examination conditions. Besides these restrictions, up to 30% normosmic patients show no EEG response to olfactory stimulation in usual time domain analysis. The time-frequency analysis allows bypassing this bias, offering a more accurate representation of cerebral response to olfactory and trigeminal stimulation. Objectives: In this study, we assessed prospectively the unirhinale psychophysical and electrophysiological assessment of the olfactory and trigeminal functions of several etiologies and variables (age, sex, psychophysical function, presence of qualitative olfactory troubles).Methods: 18 patients were included in 4 groups depending on the etiology of their dysosmia (5 in post infectious "PI", 4 in posttraumatic "PT", 2 in chronic rhinosinusitis "RSC", 7 in idiopathic "ID"). Their olfactory and trigeminal functions have been assessed using unirhinally psychophysical testing (detection threshold, discrimination, identification) and electrophysiological recording of olfactory event-related potentials. Time-frequency analysis was used to increase the signal-to-noise ratio. These results were then compared with several factors. Results: As compared to the others, RSC patients show increased amplitude in OLF-TF2b, when PT have a decreased latency in TRI-TF1. Concerning the other variables, we were able to show significant correlations with the ROI of the TF maps for the olfactory and trigeminal stimulation. The most significant links were a direct correlation with the frequency in OLF-TF2b and a negative correlation with the latency in TRI-TF2 for the age. Conclusion: Although this study may not have a strong power due to its low cohort, it was able to show some significant links between the chemosensory stimulation and the TF maps. Bases : La fonction olfactive fait de plus en plus l'objet d'évaluation en pratique clinique. Malheureusement, les tests disponibles à cet effet présentent un biais de réponse important. En effet, les tests psycho-physiques, les plus souvent employés en pratique courante, ne sont que semi-objectifs et dépendent de la participation active du patient. Leur utilisation est donc limitée lors d'investigations chez des patients peu fiables (enfants, déments, expertises médicales). L'électrophysiologie quant à elle nécessite l'utilisation de produits activant sélectivement les systèmes olfactifs et trigéminaux, dans des conditions d'examen maintenues strictement constantes. En plus de ces restrictions, jusqu'à un tiers des patients normosmiques ne présentent pas de réponse EEG à la stimulation olfactive dans les analyses typiques de moyenne d’âge temporel utilisées. L'analyse temps-fréquence a permis de contrer ce biais et offre une représentation plus précise de la réponse cérébrale aux stimuli olfactifs et trigéminaux. Objectif : Ce mémoire vise donc à évaluer la réponse temps-fréquence unirhinale dans différentes étiologies de dysosmies et selon différentes variables (âge, sexe, fonction olfactive psychophysique, présence de troubles olfactifs qualitatifs) de manière prospective. Méthode : 18 participants ont été inclus, classés en 4 groupes selon l'étiologie de leur dysosmie (5 post-infectieuses « PI », 4 post-traumatiques « PT », 2 rhino-sinusites chronique« RSC », 7 idiopathiques « ID »), ont subi une mise au point de la fonction olfactive et trigéminale, de manière prospective et unirhinale. Ils ont été répartis en différents groupes selon l'étiologie de leur dysosmie, déterminée suite à un bilan médical complet Résultats : Comparés aux autres groupes d'étiologie, les patients RSC présentent une amplitude plus élevée en OLF-TF2b, alors que les PT montrent une latence plus basse en TRI-TF1. Pour les autres variables, nous sommes parvenus à montrer des corrélations significatives avec les ROI des cartes TF pour les stimulations chémosensorielles olfactives et trigéminales. Parmi les résultats les plus significatifs, notons une corrélation directe avec la fréquence en OLF-TF2b, de même qu'une corrélation inverse avec la latence en TRI-TF2 pour l'âge. Conclusion : Bien que basé sur un petit effectif de patients, nous sommes parvenus à montrer des corrélations significatives entre les stimulations chémosensorielles olfactives et trigéminales et les cartes TF.
Neurophysiology --- Olfaction Disorders --- Evoked Potentials, Auditory
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Smell disorders. --- Olfaction disorders --- Olfactory disorders --- Nose --- Sensory disorders --- Diseases
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Olfaction Disorders --- Taste Disorders --- Chemical senses --- Smell --- Taste --- Smell disorders --- Taste disorders
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Over 200,000 people visit doctors each year for taste and smell problems. Many of these are older adults, as when we age our ability to smell and taste decreases, so up to 14 million Americans 55 and older may live with these disorders, undiagnosed.Smell and taste disorders affect a person's ability to enjoy food and drink and may result in decreased appetite and weight loss, can lead people to consume too much sugar or salt, and in severe cases lead to depression. They can also interfere with the ability to notice potentially harmful chemicals and gases.Published in conjunction with the Ameri
Smell disorders. --- Taste disorders. --- Ageusia --- Disorders of taste --- Dysgeusia --- Gustation disorders --- Sensory disorders --- Tongue --- Olfaction disorders --- Olfactory disorders --- Nose --- Diseases
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Odors. --- Smell disorders. --- Smell --- Olfaction --- Chemical senses --- Senses and sensation --- Nose --- Olfaction disorders --- Olfactory disorders --- Sensory disorders --- Aromas --- Fragrances --- Odours --- Scents --- Smells --- Sensory evaluation --- Physiological aspects. --- Diseases
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Smell disorders. --- Taste disorders. --- Olfaction Disorders. --- Taste Disorders. --- Olfaction disorders --- Olfactory disorders --- Nose --- Sensory disorders --- Diseases --- Taste Disorder, Anterior Tongue --- Taste Disorder, Posterior Tongue --- Taste Disorder, Primary, Bitter --- Taste Disorder, Primary, Salt --- Taste Disorder, Primary, Sweet --- Taste Disorder, Secondary, Bitter --- Taste Disorder, Secondary, Salt --- Taste Disorder, Secondary, Sweet --- Taste Disorder, Primary --- Taste Disorder, Secondary --- Taste, Metallic --- Metallic Taste --- Metallic Tastes --- Primary Taste Disorder --- Primary Taste Disorders --- Secondary Taste Disorder --- Secondary Taste Disorders --- Taste Disorder --- Taste Disorders, Primary --- Taste Disorders, Secondary --- Tastes, Metallic --- Cacosmia --- Dysosmia --- Anosmia --- Paraosmia --- Smell Disorders --- Cacosmias --- Dysosmias --- Olfaction Disorder --- Paraosmias --- Smell Disorder --- Smell --- Olfactory Nerve Diseases --- Ageusia --- Disorders of taste --- Dysgeusia --- Gustation disorders --- Tongue --- Taste Dysfunction --- Dysfunction, Taste --- Olfactory Impairment --- Smell Dysfunction --- Dysfunction, Smell --- Impairment, Olfactory
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