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The smartness of nano-materials is attributed to their nanoscale and subsequently unique physicochemical properties and their use in glucose sensing has been aimed at improving performance, reducing cost and miniaturizing the sensor and its associated instrumentation. So far, portable (handheld) glucose analysers were introduced for hospital wards, emergency rooms and physicians' offices; single-use strip systems achieved nanolitre sampling for painless and accurate home glucose monitoring; advanced continuous monitoring devices having 2 to 7 days operating life are in clinical and home use; and continued research efforts are being made to develop and introduce increasingly advanced glucose monitoring systems for health as well as for food, biotechnology, cell and tissue culture industries. Nanomaterials have touched every aspect of biosensor design and this monograph reviews their role in the development of advanced technologies for glucose sensing, and especially for diabetes management.

Glucose tolerance tests. --- Nanomedicine. --- Glucose Tolerance Test. --- Intravenous Glucose Tolerance --- Intravenous Glucose Tolerance Test --- OGTT --- Oral Glucose Tolerance --- Oral Glucose Tolerance Test --- Glucose Tolerance Tests --- Glucose Tolerance, Oral --- Blood Glucose --- Glucose Intolerance --- Medicine --- Nanotechnology --- Blood --- Blood sugar --- Diabetes --- Analysis --- Diagnosis --- Blood glucose

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The papers included in this issue vary from research on pregnancy outcomes to screening and diagnosis of GDM, the use of new biomarkers, and the evaluation of long-term metabolic risk and intervention strategies postpartum in mothers and offspring.

gestational diabetes mellitus --- treatment --- education --- group education --- long-term metabolic outcome --- offspring --- overweight --- obesity --- adiposity --- glucose intolerance --- abnormal glucose tolerance --- insulin resistance --- glucose tolerance --- Mediterranean diet --- nutritional intervention --- pregnancy nutrition --- biomarker --- insulin secretion --- pregnancy --- secretagogin --- gestational diabetes --- fetal ultrasound --- fetal anthropometry --- pregnancy outcomes --- neonatal complications --- type 2 diabetes mellitus --- postpartum --- lifestyle intervention --- mobile-based --- bariatric surgery --- pregnancy outcome --- glucose homeostasis --- gastric bypass --- sleeve gastrectomy --- small-for-gestational age --- self-monitoring of blood glucose --- continuous glucose monitoring --- Institute of Medicine --- weight gain --- length of follow-up --- oral glucose tolerance test --- reproducibility --- diabetes --- hyperglycemia in pregnancy --- early gestational diabetes --- fetal malformations --- Australian Diabetes in Pregnancy Society (ADIPS) --- Australian Diabetes Society (ADS) --- COVID-19 --- pandemic --- Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists (RANZOG) --- GDM --- recurrence --- insulin sensitivity --- (early) pregnancy --- growth --- glucose --- LGA --- maternal health --- child health --- OGTT --- meal tolerance test --- postprandial --- early screening --- protein biomarker --- epidemiology --- twins --- pre-existing diabetes --- prevalence --- trends --- perinatal outcomes --- n/a

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Long-term exposure to environmental toxicants is estimated to account for 70–90% of the risks of acquiring chronic ailments. Presently, chronic kidney disease and infertility affect a significant proportion of the world population, while research data indicate that exposure to toxic metals may contribute to the looming statistics. Alarming evidence suggests that exposure to the heavy metal cadmium may affect every stage of life, and exposure in early life may determine susceptibility to certain diseases in adulthood. Prevention of these outcomes requires avoidance of further environmental contamination, minimization of exposure, and reduction of toxic metals in food crops to the lowest achievable levels.

Public health & preventive medicine --- Trace elements --- hair --- children --- hazardous waste incinerator --- Constantí (Catalonia, Spain) --- blood lead level --- boatyard --- childhood --- lead poisoning --- fishing community --- lead weights --- β2-microglobulin --- cadmium --- creatinine clearance --- glomerular filtration --- N-acetyl-β-d-glucosaminidase --- nephron mass --- nephrotoxicity --- trace elements --- autopsy tissues --- temporal trends --- creatinine excretion --- glomerular filtration rate --- lead --- kidney --- endocytosis --- metallothionein --- flow cytometry --- proximal tubule epithelial cells --- OGTT --- minimal model --- glucose response mechanism --- genotoxicity --- aluminum chloride --- rats --- food --- farmer --- PTWI (provisional tolerable monthly intake) --- TWI (tolerable weekly intake) --- Monte Carlo simulation --- mercury --- obesogen --- lipid profiles --- hyperlipidemia --- elevated liver enzymes --- hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] --- mitochondrial fragmentation --- dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1) --- mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I (MRCC I) --- reactive oxygen species (ROS) --- blood lead --- cellular immunity --- phagocytosis --- humoral munity --- immunosuppression --- insulin --- diabetes --- hyperglycemia --- hyperinsulinemia --- lipogenic --- β-cell toxicity --- stroke --- cerebrovascular accident --- heavy metal --- rare earth element --- case-control study --- mortality --- lifetime cadmium intake --- renal diseases --- urinary cadmium --- a follow-up study --- diet --- kidney function --- chronic kidney disease --- threshold limit --- tolerable intake level --- heavy metals --- birth weight --- preterm birth --- diet pattern --- Mediterranean diet --- pregnancy --- toxic metals --- reproduction --- testicular and ovarian structure --- n/a --- Constantí (Catalonia, Spain)

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Long-term exposure to environmental toxicants is estimated to account for 70–90% of the risks of acquiring chronic ailments. Presently, chronic kidney disease and infertility affect a significant proportion of the world population, while research data indicate that exposure to toxic metals may contribute to the looming statistics. Alarming evidence suggests that exposure to the heavy metal cadmium may affect every stage of life, and exposure in early life may determine susceptibility to certain diseases in adulthood. Prevention of these outcomes requires avoidance of further environmental contamination, minimization of exposure, and reduction of toxic metals in food crops to the lowest achievable levels.

Public health & preventive medicine --- Trace elements --- hair --- children --- hazardous waste incinerator --- Constantí (Catalonia, Spain) --- blood lead level --- boatyard --- childhood --- lead poisoning --- fishing community --- lead weights --- β2-microglobulin --- cadmium --- creatinine clearance --- glomerular filtration --- N-acetyl-β-d-glucosaminidase --- nephron mass --- nephrotoxicity --- trace elements --- autopsy tissues --- temporal trends --- creatinine excretion --- glomerular filtration rate --- lead --- kidney --- endocytosis --- metallothionein --- flow cytometry --- proximal tubule epithelial cells --- OGTT --- minimal model --- glucose response mechanism --- genotoxicity --- aluminum chloride --- rats --- food --- farmer --- PTWI (provisional tolerable monthly intake) --- TWI (tolerable weekly intake) --- Monte Carlo simulation --- mercury --- obesogen --- lipid profiles --- hyperlipidemia --- elevated liver enzymes --- hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] --- mitochondrial fragmentation --- dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1) --- mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I (MRCC I) --- reactive oxygen species (ROS) --- blood lead --- cellular immunity --- phagocytosis --- humoral munity --- immunosuppression --- insulin --- diabetes --- hyperglycemia --- hyperinsulinemia --- lipogenic --- β-cell toxicity --- stroke --- cerebrovascular accident --- heavy metal --- rare earth element --- case-control study --- mortality --- lifetime cadmium intake --- renal diseases --- urinary cadmium --- a follow-up study --- diet --- kidney function --- chronic kidney disease --- threshold limit --- tolerable intake level --- heavy metals --- birth weight --- preterm birth --- diet pattern --- Mediterranean diet --- pregnancy --- toxic metals --- reproduction --- testicular and ovarian structure