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The Mediterranean diet is a model of eating based on the traditional foods and drinks of the countries surrounding the Mediterranean Sea. The cultural and the nutritional aspects of the multisecular Mediterranean civilization include diet as a central element of health and wellbeing, including wine, if it is consumed in moderation. In recent decades, it has been promoted worldwide (UNESCO 2010) as one of the healthiest dietary patterns. The objective of this book is to bring the role of wine as part of the Mediterranean diet to light, especially through policy makers, the medical world, and vectors of images.

Humanities --- Social interaction --- apigenin --- docosahexaenoic acid --- eicosapentaenoic acid --- 7-ketocholesterol --- α-linolenic acid --- Mediterranean diet --- N2a cells --- oleic acid --- oxidative stress --- quercetin --- resveratrol. --- wine --- ethanol --- acetaldehyde --- oral cavity cancer --- carcinogenesis --- resveratrol --- polydatin --- peonidin 3-O-glucoside --- malvidin 3-O-glucoside --- quercetin 3-O-glucoside --- (+)-catechin --- (+)-taxifolin --- apoptosis --- neuronal death --- cerebellum --- polyphenols --- flavonoids --- diet --- clinical trials --- metabolites --- resveratrol butyrate ester --- butyric acid --- Steglich esterification --- prevent fat accumulation --- wine intake --- cardiovascular disease --- cancer --- dementia --- red wine extract --- AMD --- retinal cells --- ARPE-19 --- degenerative diseases --- ocular diseases --- olive oil --- alcohol --- phytochemicals --- tyrosol --- inflammatory bowel disease --- Crohn’s disease --- ulcerative colitis --- inflammation --- neurodegeneration --- neuroprotection --- therapeutic targets --- pharmacology --- novel delivery system --- postovulatory aging --- oocyte quality --- reactive oxygen species --- n/a --- Crohn's disease

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The materials published in the Special Issue reflect the real diversity of echinoderm metabolites and cover most of their specific classes and biomedical potential as antioxidant, antiviral, anticancer, and even anticoagulant preparations. The metabolites include sea urchin naphtoquinoid pigments and their semi-synthetic derivatives, sea cucumber triterpene glycosides, esters of polyhydroxysteroids from starfish, sea urchins free sterols, and sea cucumber fucosylated chondroitin sulfates. This Special Issue, “Echinoderm Metabolites: Structure, Functions, and Biomedical Perspectives”, is a collection of articles about different scientific aspects concerning low molecular weight and biopolymer metabolites from echinoderms, including their isolation and chemical structures, biological activities, biosynthesis and evolution, biological functions, and obtaining of semi-synthetic derivatives of biologically active natural products. This Special Issue includes materials about sea urchin naphtoquinoid pigments and their semi-synthetic derivatives, sea cucumber triterpene glycosides, esters of polyhydroxysteroids from starfish, sea urchin free sterols, and sea cucumber fucosylated chondroitin sulfates.

prostate cancer --- thioglucoside conjugates --- natural products --- sea urchins --- glucose uptake --- polyhydroxysteroidal esters --- NMR spectra --- fatty acids --- starfish --- Ceramaster patagonicus --- cytostatic activity --- soft agar assay --- wound healing assay --- Colochirus quadrangularis --- triterpene glycosides --- quadrangularisosides --- sea cucumber --- cytotoxic activity --- Holothuria hilla --- Paracaudina chilensis --- fucosylated chondroitin sulfate --- anticoagulant activity --- echinochrome A --- echinamine A --- echinamine B --- herpes simplex virus type 1 --- Vero cells --- glycoprotein gD --- molecular docking --- Thyonidium kurilensis --- kurilosides --- Thenea muricata --- Aplysina sp. --- Pseudoanthomastus agaricus --- Montastraea cavernosa --- Buccinum sp. --- Pasiphaea tarda --- Phormosoma placenta --- Echinometra lucunter --- sterols --- gas chromatography --- mass spectrometry --- neuroblastoma Neuro-2a cells --- 5,8-dihydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone --- O-glucoside --- thiomethylglycoside --- QSAR --- n/a

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Flavonoids are ubiquitously present in plant-based foods and natural health products. The molecule of flavonoids is characterized by a 15-carbon skeleton of C6–C3–C6, with the different structural configuration of subclasses. The major subclasses of flavonoids with health-promotional properties are the flavanols or catechins (e.g., epigallocatechin 3-gallate from green tea), the flavones (e.g., apigenin from celery), the flavonols (e.g., quercetin glycosides from apples, berries, and onion), the flavanones (e.g., naringenin from citrus), the anthocyanins (e.g., cyanidin-3-O-glucoside from berries), and the isoflavones (e.g., genistein from soya beans). Scientific evidence has strongly shown that regular intake of dietary flavonoids in efficacious amounts reduces the risk of oxidative stress- and chronic inflammation-mediated pathogenesis of human diseases such as cardiovascular disease, certain cancers, and neurological disorders. The physiological benefits of dietary flavonoids have been demonstrated to be due to multiple mechanisms of action, including regulating redox homeostasis, epigenetic regulations, activation of survival genes and signaling pathways, regulation of mitochondrial function and bioenergetics, and modulation of inflammation response. The role of flavonoids on gut microbiota and the impact of microbial metabolites of flavonoids on optimal health has begun to unravel. The complex physiological modulations of flavonoid molecules are due to their structural diversity. However, some flavonoids are not absorbed well, and their bioavailability could be enhanced through structural modifications and applications of nanotechnology, such as encapsulation. This Special Issue consists of four review articles on flavonoids and 15 original research articles, which cover the latest findings on the role of dietary flavonoids and their derivatives in disease prevention and treatment.

Humanities --- Social interaction --- luteolin --- apigenin --- bacoside A --- bacopaside I --- vasorelaxation --- isorhamnetin --- flavonoid --- bacterial sepsis --- toll-like receptor 4 --- inflammation --- citrus flavonoids --- neohesperidin --- anti-aging activity --- chronological lifespan --- synergistic effect --- clinical trials --- natural products --- hyperalgesia --- allodynia --- analgesia --- hypersensitivity --- cytokines --- NF-kB --- defatted pitaya seed --- extraction --- phenolic content --- flavonoid content --- antioxidant activity --- response surface methodology --- flavonoids --- aglycons --- glycosides --- IL-1β --- TNF-α --- IL-6 --- IL-8 --- pro-inflammatory cytokines --- Acer okamotoanum --- afzelin --- isoquercitrin --- obesity --- quercitrin --- aspirin --- cancer prevention --- hydroxybenzoic acids --- cell cycle --- CDKs --- colorectal cancer --- infectious diseases --- amoebiasis --- Mexican oregano --- bioguided isolation --- antiprotozoal agents --- flavones --- cancer --- microbiome --- molecular mechanisms --- gene and protein regulatory networks --- macrophages --- NF-κB --- IKKβ, inflammatory cytokines --- apoptosis --- foods for health --- tangeretin --- cancer stem cells --- Stat3 --- citrus --- CD44+/CD24− --- phytochemicals --- flavonoids and their derivatives --- phytomedicine --- COVID-19 --- SARS-COV-2 --- smart nanoparticles --- non-flavonoids --- membrane PUFAs profile --- cell morphology --- human colon cancer cells --- cranberry --- urinary tract infections --- UTIs --- uropathogenic Escherichia coli --- UPEC --- flavan-3-ols --- A-type proanthocyanidins --- phenolic metabolites --- antiadhesive activity --- probiotics --- anthocyanin --- tobacco-specific nitrosamine --- carcinogenesis --- cell proliferation --- cancer chemoprevention --- lung cancer --- chalcones --- DNA damage --- anticancer activity --- canine cancer cell lines --- angiogenesis --- in-vivo angiogenesis --- CAM assay --- SAR --- n/a --- cognition --- passive avoidance test --- memory extinction --- mice --- microglia --- neuroprotection --- black rice cyanidin-3-O-glucoside --- wood sterols --- dyslipidemia --- CVD

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Flavonoids are ubiquitously present in plant-based foods and natural health products. The molecule of flavonoids is characterized by a 15-carbon skeleton of C6–C3–C6, with the different structural configuration of subclasses. The major subclasses of flavonoids with health-promotional properties are the flavanols or catechins (e.g., epigallocatechin 3-gallate from green tea), the flavones (e.g., apigenin from celery), the flavonols (e.g., quercetin glycosides from apples, berries, and onion), the flavanones (e.g., naringenin from citrus), the anthocyanins (e.g., cyanidin-3-O-glucoside from berries), and the isoflavones (e.g., genistein from soya beans). Scientific evidence has strongly shown that regular intake of dietary flavonoids in efficacious amounts reduces the risk of oxidative stress- and chronic inflammation-mediated pathogenesis of human diseases such as cardiovascular disease, certain cancers, and neurological disorders. The physiological benefits of dietary flavonoids have been demonstrated to be due to multiple mechanisms of action, including regulating redox homeostasis, epigenetic regulations, activation of survival genes and signaling pathways, regulation of mitochondrial function and bioenergetics, and modulation of inflammation response. The role of flavonoids on gut microbiota and the impact of microbial metabolites of flavonoids on optimal health has begun to unravel. The complex physiological modulations of flavonoid molecules are due to their structural diversity. However, some flavonoids are not absorbed well, and their bioavailability could be enhanced through structural modifications and applications of nanotechnology, such as encapsulation. This Special Issue consists of four review articles on flavonoids and 15 original research articles, which cover the latest findings on the role of dietary flavonoids and their derivatives in disease prevention and treatment.

Humanities --- Social interaction --- luteolin --- apigenin --- bacoside A --- bacopaside I --- vasorelaxation --- isorhamnetin --- flavonoid --- bacterial sepsis --- toll-like receptor 4 --- inflammation --- citrus flavonoids --- neohesperidin --- anti-aging activity --- chronological lifespan --- synergistic effect --- clinical trials --- natural products --- hyperalgesia --- allodynia --- analgesia --- hypersensitivity --- cytokines --- NF-kB --- defatted pitaya seed --- extraction --- phenolic content --- flavonoid content --- antioxidant activity --- response surface methodology --- flavonoids --- aglycons --- glycosides --- IL-1β --- TNF-α --- IL-6 --- IL-8 --- pro-inflammatory cytokines --- Acer okamotoanum --- afzelin --- isoquercitrin --- obesity --- quercitrin --- aspirin --- cancer prevention --- hydroxybenzoic acids --- cell cycle --- CDKs --- colorectal cancer --- infectious diseases --- amoebiasis --- Mexican oregano --- bioguided isolation --- antiprotozoal agents --- flavones --- cancer --- microbiome --- molecular mechanisms --- gene and protein regulatory networks --- macrophages --- NF-κB --- IKKβ, inflammatory cytokines --- apoptosis --- foods for health --- tangeretin --- cancer stem cells --- Stat3 --- citrus --- CD44+/CD24− --- phytochemicals --- flavonoids and their derivatives --- phytomedicine --- COVID-19 --- SARS-COV-2 --- smart nanoparticles --- non-flavonoids --- membrane PUFAs profile --- cell morphology --- human colon cancer cells --- cranberry --- urinary tract infections --- UTIs --- uropathogenic Escherichia coli --- UPEC --- flavan-3-ols --- A-type proanthocyanidins --- phenolic metabolites --- antiadhesive activity --- probiotics --- anthocyanin --- tobacco-specific nitrosamine --- carcinogenesis --- cell proliferation --- cancer chemoprevention --- lung cancer --- chalcones --- DNA damage --- anticancer activity --- canine cancer cell lines --- angiogenesis --- in-vivo angiogenesis --- CAM assay --- SAR --- cognition --- passive avoidance test --- memory extinction --- mice --- microglia --- neuroprotection --- black rice cyanidin-3-O-glucoside --- wood sterols --- dyslipidemia --- CVD

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Medicinal plants are used to treat diseases and provide health benefits, and their applications are increasing around the world. A huge array of phytochemicals have been identified from medicinal plants, belonging to carotenoids, flavonoids, lignans, and phenolic acids, and so on, with a wide range of biological activities. In order to explore our knowledge of phytochemicals with the assistance of modern molecular tools and high-throughput technologies, this book collects recent innovative original research and review articles on subtopics of mechanistic insights into bioactivities, treatment of diseases, profiling, extraction and identification, and biotechnology.

Medicine --- network pharmacology --- traditional herbal medicine --- methodological trend --- polysaccharide fraction --- Trichoderma atroviride --- Salvia miltiorrhiza --- proteomics --- tanshinones --- Flos Chrysanthemi indici --- essential oil --- extraction method --- chemical composition --- biological activity --- Garcinia linii --- hypoglycemia --- benzopyran --- triterpene --- bioflavonoid --- phenolic --- in silico --- neurodegenerative diseases --- naringenin --- pharmacological targets --- signaling pathways --- molecular mechanisms --- drug delivery systems --- luteolin --- hyphenated techniques --- chromatography --- colorectal cancer --- diterpenes --- inflammatory bowel diseases --- Polyalthia longifolia --- herbal medicine --- DESs --- preparative-scale purification --- flavonoids --- 20-hydroxyecdysone --- Chenopodium quinoa --- Zinc oxide nanoparticles --- anticancer --- antileishmanial --- antimicrobial --- biocompatibility --- cancer --- apoptosis --- herbs --- cell lines --- in vivo --- quercetin --- polyphenols --- Alzheimer’s disease --- mechanistic insights --- clinical directions --- isodon genus --- ent-kaurane diterpenoids --- natural compounds --- pathways --- medicinal plants --- bioactive compounds --- 4-hydroxynonenal --- deleterious effects --- Asiatic acid --- nasopharyngeal cancer --- cisplatin resistance --- MAPK pathway --- Anthocyanin --- Solanum nigrum L. --- flavonoid biosynthesis --- AtPAP1 --- licochalcone D --- non-small cell lung cancer --- reactive oxygen species --- Acorus gramineusand --- Euodia ruticarpa --- pro-/anti-inflammatory cytokines --- steam distillation essential oil --- Th1/Th2 cytokines --- lignans --- Trachelospermum asiaticum --- GNPS --- targeted isolation --- Rheum undulatum --- Glycyrriza uralensis --- hepatic encephalopathy --- MMP-9 --- neuroinflammation --- luteolin-7-O-glucoside --- oral cancer --- migration --- invasion --- MMP-2 --- Astragalus mongholicus --- ultraviolet-B radiation --- phenolics --- untargeted gas chromatography-mass spectrometry --- targeted liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry --- Bacopa monnieri --- cheminformatics --- neurological diseases --- spinocerebellar ataxia --- system pharmacology --- (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) --- bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) --- catethin --- fracture healing --- local use --- cardiovascular diseases --- inflammation --- lipid metabolism --- non-coding RNA --- oxidative stress --- phenolic compounds --- Peucedanum ostruthium --- Apiaceae --- ELINA --- HetCA, STOCSY --- coumarines --- NF-ĸB --- VCAM-1 --- E-selectin --- Withaferin A --- matrix metalloproteinases --- antioxidant signaling --- Curcuma aromatica --- sesquiterpene --- anti-inflammatory --- luciferase assay --- cytotoxicity --- n/a --- Alzheimer's disease