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This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact

Technology, engineering, agriculture --- Nutrient recovery --- Nutrient re-use --- upcycling --- waste --- Manure --- Organic Fertilizers --- sustainability --- Concentration of nutrients --- value-added products --- Circular economy

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This book addresses a key innovative technology for decarbonization of the energy system: hydrothermal processing. It basically consists of treating biomass and wastes in a wet form, under pressure and temperature condition. This approach is becoming more and more attractive, as new feedstock and applications are appearing on the scene of bioeconomy and bioenergy. The hydrothermal processing of various type of biomass, waste, and residues, thus, raised the interest of many researchers and companies around the world, together with downstream upgrading processes and technologies: solid products as biochar, for instance, or liquid ones as crude bioliquids, are finding new market opportunities in circular economy schemes. The Special Issue collects recent innovative research works in the field, from basic to applied research, as well as pilot industrial applications/demo. It is a valuable set of references for those investing time and effort in research in the field.

biorefinery --- life cycle assessment (LCA) --- drop-in biofuels --- lipids --- sensitivity analysis --- brewer’s spent grains (BSG) --- lignin --- nutrient recovery --- fuel properties --- Scenedesmus rubescens --- hydroprocessing --- combustion indices --- hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) --- fiber rejects --- upgrading --- aqueous co-product --- hydrotreating --- biofuel --- hydrothermal disintegration --- cell wall disruption --- two-steps carbonization --- hydrothermal processes --- fuzzy Delphi method --- process economics --- agricultural yield --- hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) --- acid addition --- microalgae extraction --- coal --- hydrochar --- fuzzy logic cognitive map --- Germany --- microalgal oils --- deinked sludge --- nitrogen distribution --- hydrodenitrogenation (HDN) --- sewage sludge --- fresh harvested --- hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) --- biomass --- struvite --- primary sludge --- EROI --- biocrude --- hydrothermal liquefaction --- electricity and heat production --- fractional distillation --- Spirulina --- cost of electricity --- secondary sludge --- depolymerization --- freeze-dried

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The increasing share of renewable energy sources is drawing attention to a critical challenge. The availability of wind turbines and photovoltaic solar cells is limited and difficult to predict. They usually provide a fluctuating feed-in to the grid, so energy reserves, e.g., conventional thermal power plants or energy storage systems, are necessary to establish a balance between electricity supply and demand. Various solutions can be adopted to maintain the security of supply and improve the flexibility of the future power system, such as improving the efficiency of technical processes in areas such as thermal power plants, cement and metallurgy industries, the use of advanced thermochemical conversion technologies such as gasification, the expansion of high-voltage transmission infrastructure, the promoting of renewable energy sources, the employment of large-scale energy storage systems, and the use of highly flexible power generation units with carbon capture and utilisation, such as combined-cycle power plants. Given this background, this Special Issue contains fundamental scientific studies on the latest research progress in the development and optimisation of gasification processes, renewable energy source “solar energy”, synthesis of new hybrid nanocomposites and nanofluids, carbon capture, and energy storage systems. Special Issue Editors Falah Alobaid Jochen Ströhle

Technology: general issues --- History of engineering & technology --- gasification --- sewage sludge --- syngas --- sulfur --- tar --- ammonia --- biofuel --- synthesis stoichiometry --- operation parameters --- nutrient recovery --- circular economy --- plastics --- waste blends --- thermogravimetric analysis --- pyrolysis --- thermo-economic --- aqua-ammonia --- lithium bromide-water --- absorption systems --- design --- solar collectors --- steam gasification --- biomass --- bubbling fluidized bed --- Aspen Plus simulation --- hydrogen production --- devolatilization --- biomass pretreatments --- wheat straw pellets --- gas yield --- carbon conversion --- fluidized bed --- dynamic simulation --- parabolic trough power plant --- control circuit --- solar field --- thermal storage system --- chemical looping gasification --- carbon dioxide capture --- oxygen carriers --- APROS --- operation strategy --- comparative study --- CO2 capture --- CO2 absorption --- liquid holdup --- pressure drop --- clear liquid height --- froth height --- experimental study --- stand-alone system --- molten salt --- combined cycle plants --- MgO-DW nanofluid --- two-step technique --- co-precipitation --- XRD and SEM --- thermal conductivity --- dynamic viscosity --- nanofluid --- absorption --- improvement --- solvent --- shape memory alloys --- Ni-Ti-Ag --- casting --- VAR furnace --- microstructure --- XRD --- mechanical properties --- hybrid nano-composites --- powder metallurgy --- Fe2O3 --- Ag --- wear --- heat transfer enhancement --- binary basket–twisted strip inserts --- friction characteristics --- thermal performance characteristics --- turbulent flow --- n/a --- binary basket-twisted strip inserts

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The increasing share of renewable energy sources is drawing attention to a critical challenge. The availability of wind turbines and photovoltaic solar cells is limited and difficult to predict. They usually provide a fluctuating feed-in to the grid, so energy reserves, e.g., conventional thermal power plants or energy storage systems, are necessary to establish a balance between electricity supply and demand. Various solutions can be adopted to maintain the security of supply and improve the flexibility of the future power system, such as improving the efficiency of technical processes in areas such as thermal power plants, cement and metallurgy industries, the use of advanced thermochemical conversion technologies such as gasification, the expansion of high-voltage transmission infrastructure, the promoting of renewable energy sources, the employment of large-scale energy storage systems, and the use of highly flexible power generation units with carbon capture and utilisation, such as combined-cycle power plants. Given this background, this Special Issue contains fundamental scientific studies on the latest research progress in the development and optimisation of gasification processes, renewable energy source “solar energy”, synthesis of new hybrid nanocomposites and nanofluids, carbon capture, and energy storage systems. Special Issue Editors Falah Alobaid Jochen Ströhle

Technology: general issues --- History of engineering & technology --- gasification --- sewage sludge --- syngas --- sulfur --- tar --- ammonia --- biofuel --- synthesis stoichiometry --- operation parameters --- nutrient recovery --- circular economy --- plastics --- waste blends --- thermogravimetric analysis --- pyrolysis --- thermo-economic --- aqua-ammonia --- lithium bromide-water --- absorption systems --- design --- solar collectors --- steam gasification --- biomass --- bubbling fluidized bed --- Aspen Plus simulation --- hydrogen production --- devolatilization --- biomass pretreatments --- wheat straw pellets --- gas yield --- carbon conversion --- fluidized bed --- dynamic simulation --- parabolic trough power plant --- control circuit --- solar field --- thermal storage system --- chemical looping gasification --- carbon dioxide capture --- oxygen carriers --- APROS --- operation strategy --- comparative study --- CO2 capture --- CO2 absorption --- liquid holdup --- pressure drop --- clear liquid height --- froth height --- experimental study --- stand-alone system --- molten salt --- combined cycle plants --- MgO-DW nanofluid --- two-step technique --- co-precipitation --- XRD and SEM --- thermal conductivity --- dynamic viscosity --- nanofluid --- absorption --- improvement --- solvent --- shape memory alloys --- Ni-Ti-Ag --- casting --- VAR furnace --- microstructure --- XRD --- mechanical properties --- hybrid nano-composites --- powder metallurgy --- Fe2O3 --- Ag --- wear --- heat transfer enhancement --- binary basket–twisted strip inserts --- friction characteristics --- thermal performance characteristics --- turbulent flow --- n/a --- binary basket-twisted strip inserts

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

The increasing share of renewable energy sources is drawing attention to a critical challenge. The availability of wind turbines and photovoltaic solar cells is limited and difficult to predict. They usually provide a fluctuating feed-in to the grid, so energy reserves, e.g., conventional thermal power plants or energy storage systems, are necessary to establish a balance between electricity supply and demand. Various solutions can be adopted to maintain the security of supply and improve the flexibility of the future power system, such as improving the efficiency of technical processes in areas such as thermal power plants, cement and metallurgy industries, the use of advanced thermochemical conversion technologies such as gasification, the expansion of high-voltage transmission infrastructure, the promoting of renewable energy sources, the employment of large-scale energy storage systems, and the use of highly flexible power generation units with carbon capture and utilisation, such as combined-cycle power plants. Given this background, this Special Issue contains fundamental scientific studies on the latest research progress in the development and optimisation of gasification processes, renewable energy source “solar energy”, synthesis of new hybrid nanocomposites and nanofluids, carbon capture, and energy storage systems. Special Issue Editors Falah Alobaid Jochen Ströhle

gasification --- sewage sludge --- syngas --- sulfur --- tar --- ammonia --- biofuel --- synthesis stoichiometry --- operation parameters --- nutrient recovery --- circular economy --- plastics --- waste blends --- thermogravimetric analysis --- pyrolysis --- thermo-economic --- aqua-ammonia --- lithium bromide-water --- absorption systems --- design --- solar collectors --- steam gasification --- biomass --- bubbling fluidized bed --- Aspen Plus simulation --- hydrogen production --- devolatilization --- biomass pretreatments --- wheat straw pellets --- gas yield --- carbon conversion --- fluidized bed --- dynamic simulation --- parabolic trough power plant --- control circuit --- solar field --- thermal storage system --- chemical looping gasification --- carbon dioxide capture --- oxygen carriers --- APROS --- operation strategy --- comparative study --- CO2 capture --- CO2 absorption --- liquid holdup --- pressure drop --- clear liquid height --- froth height --- experimental study --- stand-alone system --- molten salt --- combined cycle plants --- MgO-DW nanofluid --- two-step technique --- co-precipitation --- XRD and SEM --- thermal conductivity --- dynamic viscosity --- nanofluid --- absorption --- improvement --- solvent --- shape memory alloys --- Ni-Ti-Ag --- casting --- VAR furnace --- microstructure --- XRD --- mechanical properties --- hybrid nano-composites --- powder metallurgy --- Fe2O3 --- Ag --- wear --- heat transfer enhancement --- binary basket–twisted strip inserts --- friction characteristics --- thermal performance characteristics --- turbulent flow --- n/a --- binary basket-twisted strip inserts