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This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact

fluid dynamics --- ecosystem engineering --- coral --- algae --- canopy --- mass transport --- light availability --- nutrient cycling

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This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact

Science: general issues --- Oceanography (seas) --- fluid dynamics --- ecosystem engineering --- coral --- algae --- canopy --- mass transport --- light availability --- nutrient cycling

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L’intérêt pour le biochar dans la communauté scientifique est croissant, à la fois pour son
potentiel d’atténuation du changement climatique et pour ses propriétés agronomiques. Cependant,
peu d’études se sont concentrées sur ses impacts sur les cycles des nutriments en fonction de la
pédodiversité.
Dans cette études, trois types de sols contrastés (FLIPP : Plinthosol épipétrique, FLC : Lixisol
ferrique, HPGS : Gleysol eutrique) de la région de Koumbia au Burkina Faso ont été utilisés afin de
mener une expérience en pot visant à déterminer les effets d’un amendement en biochar activé à
l’urine (2,5 t ha-1) sur les cycles des nutriments N, P et K et leurs impacts sur la production de biomasse
d’une culture de maïs (Zea mays L.). Trois différentes modalités d’amendement en biochar (biochar de
tiges de coton : C, de balles de riz : R, et témoin : T) et deux taux de fertilisation en NPK (100 et 150
kg ha-1) ont été considérées. Les quantités de nutriments apportées par le biochar, contenues dans le
sol, perdues par lixiviation et absorbées par les plantes ont été déterminées afin d’évaluer l’impact des
différents traitements sur les cycles des éléments N, P et K au sein d’un agroécosystème tropical.
Les résultats ont montré des réponses variables à l’amendement en biochar selon les types de
sols. Le biochar a eu un impact plus faible sur les sols FLIPP, mais a tout de même augmenté la biomasse
aérienne jusqu’à 43% avec le traitement R-150. Le traitement C-150 a amélioré la production de
biomasse de 85% dans les sols FLC, et R-150 de 65% pour les sols HPGS, par rapport aux pots de
référence amendés selon les pratiques agricoles conventionnelles (T-150). Ces résultats sont expliqués
par un changement de dynamiques des nutriments engendré par l’amendement en biochar, ce qui
montre qu’un apport raisonné en biochar peut avoir un impact important sur le rendement et sur
l’efficacité de l’utilisation des nutriments. Interest in biochar in the scientific community is rising, both for its potential to mitigate climate
change and for its agronomic properties. However, few studies focused on its impacts on nutrient
cycling as a function of pedodiversity.
In this study, three contrasted soil types (FLIP: epipetric Plinthosol, FLC: ferric Lixisol, HPGS:
eutric Gleysol) from the region of Koumbia in Burkina Faso were selected to conduct a pot experiment
to determine the effects of a of urine-enhanced biochar amendment (2.5 t ha-1) on N, P and K nutrient
dynamics and their impact on biomass production in a maize crop (Zea mays L.). Three different
biochar amendment modalities (cotton stalks biochar: C, rice husks: R, and control: T) and two NPK
fertilization rates (100 and 150 kg ha-1) were considered. The amounts of nutrients supplied by biochar,
contained in soils, lost by leaching and uptaken by plants were assessed in order to determine the
impacts of the different treatments on the N, P and K cycles in a tropical agroecosystem.
Results showed variable responses to the biochar amendment depending on the soil type.
Biochar had the smallest effect on FLIPP soils, but still increased above-ground biomass up to 43% with
treatment R-150. Treatment C-150 improved biomass production by 85% in FLC soil, and R-150 by 63%
in HPGS soils, all compared to the reference pots with conventional farming practices (T-150). These
findings were explained by the changing nutrient dynamics caused by biochar amendment, which
shows that a moderate supply of biochar can lead to a substantial impact on yield and to an improved
nutrient use efficiency

Burkina Faso --- enhanced biochar --- nutrient cycling --- pedodiversity --- tropical soils --- Burkina Faso --- biochar activé --- cycle des nutriments --- pédodiversité --- sols tropicaux --- Sciences du vivant > Sciences de l'environnement & écologie

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Nature protection --- Plant ecology. Plant sociology --- Forestry --- Subtropical and Tropical Countries --- Biogeochemical cycles --- Forest ecology --- Forest management --- Forest conservation --- Cycles biogéochimiques --- Ecologie forestière --- Forêts --- Tropics --- Régions tropicales --- Gestion --- Conservation --- Nutrient cycles --- Cycles biogéochimiques --- Ecologie forestière --- Forêts --- Régions tropicales --- Nutrient cycling --- Food chains (Ecology)

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Neighbourhood landscapes are the quintessential forms of urban landscapes in most cities worldwide. They are pervasive, and hence experienced by the large majority of urban dwellers in their everyday life. More than parks, nature reserves or nature areas which are visited as destinations, neighbourhood landscapes provide the most immediate, frequent and convenient form of nature experienced by urban dwellers on a daily basis. They are also valuable as social spaces to bring residents together, foster social ties, and strengthen communities. Despite their importance, surprisingly little has been written to guide the planning and design of neighbourhood landscapes. This book is written for a specific purpose, to illustrate how the design of neighbourhood landscapes helps to deliver more benefits for urban dwellers and, at the same time, protect ecosystems that facilitate human well-being. This is in turn important as the synergistic relationships between human well-being, quality of biophysical urban environment, and health of human–environment interactions fundamentally underpin urban sustainability. The authors emphasize the role neighbourhood landscapes play in forging connections between people and nature, people and people, and people and place. Most of all, the book highlights the role of focusing on people in this endeavour, as it is only when landscapes are appropriately designed, and when people recognize these benefits, that they become valued and protected as a community resource. This book is organized into two parts. Part 1 focuses on the conceptual foundations that underpin the neighbourhood landscape design guidelines being developed. In this section, the authors describe the key concepts relating functions of neighbourhood landscapes to the key urban development goals of sustainability, liveability and reliance; how they can be represented in a framework; and how a synthesis of current knowledge of cities as socio-ecological systems helps to identify principles that can guide the designing of neighbourhood landscapes. Part 2 is more application focused, and is centred on neighbourhood landscape design guidelines inspired by the concept of ecosystem services. The guidelines consist of design approaches, practical strategies, design targets and performance monitoring indicators for tracking the performance of neighbourhood landscapes. The book is written for readers in academia and design practice, and anyone who has a role in shaping neighbourhood landscapes for the benefit of urban dwellers.

Urban Landscapes --- Irrigation --- Urban Areas --- Neighbourhoods --- Environmental Education --- Aesthetic Values --- Living Spaces --- Biodiversity --- Heat Mitigation --- Noise Abatement --- Landscape Design --- Nature --- Soil Quality Maintenance --- Social Relations --- Storm and Domestic Waste Water Treatment --- Flood Hazard Mitigation --- People --- Neighbourhood Landscape --- Water Cycling --- Ecology --- Nutrient Cycling --- Landscape Development --- Green Spaces --- Landscape Services --- Erosion Control --- Recreational Spaces --- Open Spaces --- Sense of Place --- Recreation --- Typology --- Parks