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Nutrient Signalling --- Root System Architecture (RSA) --- Modelling Biological Systems --- Roots --- Nutrient Uptake --- Modelling Transport Processes --- Ion Transport

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The papers included in this special issue cover a broad range of aspects ranging from genetics and breeding to crop production in the field. Climate change, intensified agriculture, modifications of land use, or pollution are often accompanied by larger fluctuations including extreme events. The growing world's population and nutrient deficiencies in agricultural products for human or animal nutrition, or pollutants in harvested products in some regions (quality of yield), are important points to be integrated in a comprehensive analysis aimed at supporting agriculture on the way into a challenging future. It is therefore necessary to develop suitable models to identify potentials and risks. Instabilities (e.g., caused by climatic factors or pests) should be detected as early as possible to initiate corrections in the nutrient supply or in other growth conditions. Sensitive detection systems for nutrient disorders in the field can facilitate this task, and are therefore, highly desirable

Senescence --- Pollution --- Abiotic stress --- Transport via xylem and phloem --- Biotic stress --- Nutrient availability in soil --- Nutrient assimilation --- Nutrient uptake --- Nutrient redistribution --- Nutrient contents in harvested plant products

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The papers included in this special issue cover a broad range of aspects ranging from genetics and breeding to crop production in the field. Climate change, intensified agriculture, modifications of land use, or pollution are often accompanied by larger fluctuations including extreme events. The growing world's population and nutrient deficiencies in agricultural products for human or animal nutrition, or pollutants in harvested products in some regions (quality of yield), are important points to be integrated in a comprehensive analysis aimed at supporting agriculture on the way into a challenging future. It is therefore necessary to develop suitable models to identify potentials and risks. Instabilities (e.g., caused by climatic factors or pests) should be detected as early as possible to initiate corrections in the nutrient supply or in other growth conditions. Sensitive detection systems for nutrient disorders in the field can facilitate this task, and are therefore, highly desirable

Senescence --- Pollution --- Abiotic stress --- Transport via xylem and phloem --- Biotic stress --- Nutrient availability in soil --- Nutrient assimilation --- Nutrient uptake --- Nutrient redistribution --- Nutrient contents in harvested plant products

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Biochar is a recalcitrant carbon rich product obtained through the pyrolysis of biomass and used in soils as an amendment. It is commonly known that tropical soils are highly weathered soils and thus where biochar influence on the fertility of agricultural systems can be the most substantial. Herein we aim at filling the missing data for the application of biochar in in situ experiments. To do so we study the effects of biochar, produced from cotton branch residues, on maize biomass production (Zea mays L.) in a field trial in Koumbia, province of Tuy, Burkina Faso. The effect of biochar application rate (0 t.ha-1, 10 t.ha-1, 30 t.ha-1) and its combination with conventional fertilizer quantities (0 kg.ha-1, 100 kg.ha-1, 150 kg.ha-1) have been investigated. Soil physico-chemical characteristics and plant tissue nutrient concentrations were analyzed. The content of bioavailable phosphorus (P) and potassium (K), pH values and organic carbon concentration increased with biochar application in soil. In parallel, we observed a significant growth of P content in plant tissue. Our results show an increase in total aboveground biomass but no significant variation of yield in response to biochar. We conclude that higher concentrations of bioavailable nutrients could lead to a reduced fertilizer use and reduced production costs for farmers. Le biochar est un produit riche en carbone obtenu lors de la pyrolyse de biomasse végétale et utilisé dans les sols comme amendement. Les sols tropicaux étant connus pour être hautement altérés, l’utilisation de biochar y a le plus haut potentiel d’amélioration de leur fertilité. Dans cette étude nous visons à combler le manque de données sur l'application du biochar in situ. Pour ce faire, nous mettons en œuvre des essais sur un champ de maïs (Zea mays L.) à Koumbia dans la province de Tuy, Burkina Faso et étudions les effets du biochar fait à partir de résidus de coton. La quantité de biochar appliquée (0 t.ha-1, 10 t.ha-1, 30 t.ha-1) et sa combinaison avec différentes quantités conventionnelles de fertilisants (0 kg.ha-1, 100 kg.ha-1, 150 kg.ha-1) ont été étudiées. On observe que, suite à l’application de biochar, la quantité de phosphore (P) et de potassium (K) biodisponibles, les valeurs de pH et la concentration en carbone organique du sol augmentent. En parallèle, on remarque un accroissement significatif de la concentration en P dans les tissus végétaux. Les résultats montrent également une augmentation en biomasse aérienne, mais aucune variation significative en termes de rendement en grains. On peut donc en conclure que le biochar pourrait permettre une diminution des besoins en fertilisants ce qui impliquerait alors des moindres coûts pour l'agriculteur.

Biochar --- Tropical soils --- Plant nutrient uptake --- Zea mays L. --- maize --- in situ field experiment --- Burkina Faso --- Biochar --- Sols tropicaux --- absorption de nutriments par la plante --- Zea mays L. --- expérimentation in situ --- Burkina Faso --- Sciences du vivant > Agriculture & agronomie --- Physique, chimie, mathématiques & sciences de la terre > Sciences de la terre & géographie physique --- Sciences du vivant > Sciences de l'environnement & écologie

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Soil, water, and nitrogen management are critical for crop productivity and quality in horticulture as well as for reducing negative impacts on ecosystems and greenhouse gas emissions. This Special Issue is a collection of seven important research works addressing solutions or strategies that can be implemented in order to use these three factors of production in a more sustainable way and to reduce inorganic nitrogen applications by considering the great importance of circular agriculture and the use of microorganisms. Aside from the relevance of the topics in this Special Issue, the studies included within it may trigger the development of new strategies for more sustainable and environmentally friendly intensive agriculture.

Technology: general issues --- History of engineering & technology --- Environmental science, engineering & technology --- drip irrigation --- arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi --- water relations --- N and P status --- soil organic carbon --- osmoregulation --- sugar accumulation --- water stress --- xylem tissue --- mulching film --- Trichoderma --- Lactuca sativa L. --- nitrogen dose --- nutritional quality --- yield --- sustainability --- by-products --- recycle --- smart agriculture --- nitrogen efficiency --- soil organic matter --- acidic soil --- pH --- nitrogen --- nutrient uptake --- photosynthetic pigments --- antioxidant activity --- Spinacia oleracea --- hexavalent Cr --- photosynthesis --- phosphorus uptake --- Cr(VI) tissue --- leaf characteristics --- purslane --- soil contamination --- heavy metals --- Ginger (Zingiber officinale) --- biochar --- plant growth --- root morphological traits --- chlorophyll content --- soil enzymes --- n/a