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In the two-volume set ‘A Selection of Highlights’ we present basics of mathematics in an exciting and pedagogically sound way. This volume examines many fundamental results in Geometry and Discrete Mathematics along with their proofs and their history. In the second edition we include a new chapter on Topological Data Analysis and enhanced the chapter on Graph Theory for solving further classical problems such as the Traveling Salesman Problem.

Geometry. --- Computer science --- Mathematics. --- Elementary number theory. --- Galois theory. --- Numeral system. --- Polynomial functions. --- Prime number.

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This book studies the syntax and semantics of numeral classifiers in Mandarin and other Chinese languages. It explores how Chinese classifiers are semantically interpreted in syntactic contexts and how semantic functions of classifiers are realized at the syntactic level. The book is a contribution to formal Chinese linguistics, and to the understanding of grammatical properties of nominal phrases in Chinese and East Asian languages.

Chinese language -- Classifiers. --- Chinese language -- Grammar. --- Chinese language -- Semantics. --- Chinese language -- Syntax. --- Classifiers (Linguistics). --- Chinese language --- Classifiers (Linguistics) --- Languages & Literatures --- East Asian Languages & Literatures --- Syntax --- Classifiers --- Semantics --- Classifiers. --- Semantics. --- Syntax. --- Chinois (Langue) --- Classificateurs (Linguistique) --- Classificateurs --- Syntaxe --- Sémantique --- Auxiliary numerals (Linguistics) --- Determinatives (Linguistics) --- Grammar, Comparative and general --- Linguistics --- Sino-Tibetan languages --- Bare Nouns. --- Chinese. --- Determiners. --- Numeral Classifiers.

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The Alor-Pantar family constitutes the westernmost outlier group of Papuan (Non-Austronesian) languages. Its twenty or so languages are spoken on the islands of Alor and Pantar, located just north of Timor, in eastern In- donesia. Together with the Papuan languages of Timor, they make up the Timor-Alor-Pantar family. The languages average 5,000 speakers and are under pressure from the local Malay variety as well as the national lan- guage, Indonesian. This volume studies the internal and external linguistic history of this interesting group, and showcases some of its unique typological features, such as the preference to index the transitive patient-like argument on the verb but not the agent-like one; the extreme variety in morphologi- cal alignment patterns; the use of plural number words; the existence of quinary numeral systems; the elaborate spatial deictic systems involving an elevation component; and the great variation exhibited in their kinship systems. Unlike many other Papuan languages, Alor-Pantar languages do not ex- hibit clause-chaining, do not have switch reference systems, never suffix subject indexes to verbs, do not mark gender, but do encode clusivity in their pronominal systems. Indeed, apart from a broadly similar head-final syntactic profile, there is little else that the Alor-Pantar languages share with Papuan languages spoken in other regions. While all of them show some traces of contact with Austronesian languages, in general, borrow- ing from Austronesian has not been intense, and contact with Malay and Indonesian is a relatively recent phenomenon in most of the Alor-Pantar region.

Alor-Pantar languages. --- Alor-Pantar languages --- Typology (Linguistics). --- History. --- elevationals --- alor-pantar languages --- comparative linguistics --- papuan languages --- typology --- linguistics --- numeral systems --- Abui language --- Adang language --- Alor–Pantar languages --- Blagar language --- Parallel and cross cousins --- Teiwa language --- Wersing language --- Western Pantar language --- Woisika language

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For many decades, researchers have been trying to make computers’ analysis of images as effective as the system of human vision is. For this purpose, many algorithms and systems have previously been created. The whole process covers various stages, including image processing, representation and recognition. The results of this work can be applied to many computer-assisted areas of everyday life. They improve particular activities and provide handy tools, which are sometimes only for entertainment, but quite often, they significantly increase our safety. In fact, the practical implementation of image processing algorithms is particularly wide. Moreover, the rapid growth of computational complexity and computer efficiency has allowed for the development of more sophisticated and effective algorithms and tools. Although significant progress has been made so far, many issues still remain, resulting in the need for the development of novel approaches.

Information technology industries --- Computer science --- CIELab --- component Substitution --- Pan sharpening --- Pléiades VHR Image --- coal --- inertinite macerals --- classification --- multifractal analysis --- support vector machine --- block-based coding --- video coding --- H.265/HEVC --- affine motion compensation --- image registration --- homography matrix --- local homography transformation --- convolutional neural network --- moving direct linear transformation --- super-resolution (SR) --- convolution neural network (CNN) --- Gene Expression Programming (GEP) --- deep learning --- image preclassification --- suspicious behavior detection --- motion --- magnitude --- gradient --- reactivity --- saliency --- haze removal --- dark channel --- atmospheric-light estimation --- coarse-to-fine search strategy --- sparse dictionary --- stable recovery --- frame --- RIP --- local dimming --- retinex theory --- bi-histogram equalization --- contrast ratio --- details preservation --- pansharpening --- image fusion --- image quality --- Satellite Pour l'Observation de la Terre (SPOT) 6 --- spectral consistency --- spatial consistency --- synthesis --- artificial intelligence --- dental application --- images --- detection --- parseval frame --- transform --- sparse representation --- octave convolution --- bilingual scene text reading --- Ethiopic script --- attention --- nasal cytology --- automatic cell segmentation --- rhinology --- image analysis --- feature extraction --- shape context --- plant recognition --- DPCNN --- BOF --- numeral spotting --- historical document analysis --- convolutional neural networks --- deep transfer learning --- handwritten digit recognition --- spectrum correction --- intensity correction --- compressed sensing --- tradeoff process --- IKONOS --- remote sensing --- fine-tuning --- learning rate scheduler --- cyclical learning rates --- label smoothing --- classification accuracy --- neural networks --- salient object detection --- RGB-D --- object detection --- small object --- multi-scale sampling --- balanced sampling --- texture --- structure --- optical --- coke --- iron ore --- sinter --- image processing --- segmentation --- identification --- action recognition --- silhouette sequences --- shape features --- ambient assisted living --- active ageing --- CIELab --- component Substitution --- Pan sharpening --- Pléiades VHR Image --- coal --- inertinite macerals --- classification --- multifractal analysis --- support vector machine --- block-based coding --- video coding --- H.265/HEVC --- affine motion compensation --- image registration --- homography matrix --- local homography transformation --- convolutional neural network --- moving direct linear transformation --- super-resolution (SR) --- convolution neural network (CNN) --- Gene Expression Programming (GEP) --- deep learning --- image preclassification --- suspicious behavior detection --- motion --- magnitude --- gradient --- reactivity --- saliency --- haze removal --- dark channel --- atmospheric-light estimation --- coarse-to-fine search strategy --- sparse dictionary --- stable recovery --- frame --- RIP --- local dimming --- retinex theory --- bi-histogram equalization --- contrast ratio --- details preservation --- pansharpening --- image fusion --- image quality --- Satellite Pour l'Observation de la Terre (SPOT) 6 --- spectral consistency --- spatial consistency --- synthesis --- artificial intelligence --- dental application --- images --- detection --- parseval frame --- transform --- sparse representation --- octave convolution --- bilingual scene text reading --- Ethiopic script --- attention --- nasal cytology --- automatic cell segmentation --- rhinology --- image analysis --- feature extraction --- shape context --- plant recognition --- DPCNN --- BOF --- numeral spotting --- historical document analysis --- convolutional neural networks --- deep transfer learning --- handwritten digit recognition --- spectrum correction --- intensity correction --- compressed sensing --- tradeoff process --- IKONOS --- remote sensing --- fine-tuning --- learning rate scheduler --- cyclical learning rates --- label smoothing --- classification accuracy --- neural networks --- salient object detection --- RGB-D --- object detection --- small object --- multi-scale sampling --- balanced sampling --- texture --- structure --- optical --- coke --- iron ore --- sinter --- image processing --- segmentation --- identification --- action recognition --- silhouette sequences --- shape features --- ambient assisted living --- active ageing