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Germany's northern challenge : the holy Roman Empire and the Scandinavian struggle for the Baltic, 1563-1576
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ISBN: 0391041568 Year: 2002 Publisher: Boston (Mass.) : Brill,

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Germany's Northern Challenge : The Holy Roman Empire and the Scandinavian Struggle for the Baltic 1563-1576
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ISBN: 9789004475700 9780391041561 Year: 2002 Publisher: Leiden; Boston : BRILL

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Shortly after the Augsburg peace settlement of 1555, from 1563 to 1576, the Holy Roman Empire was threatened by the rivalry between Denmark and Sweden. This book examines the empire's reaction to a foreign crisis, the Seven Years' War of the North, and the connections between foreign policy and internal imperial politics. As this study will show, and contrary to most assumptions, the empire, through its confederal structure, was able to provide effective means for defending the domestic order against external dangers. Further, the empire could conduct a common foreign policy to protect common interests. This study highlights the empire's internal organization and politics by introducing two new concepts: initiative and consensus. Initiative was possible on the basis of consensus, but as this study reveals, there were two specific limits on building consensus. First, the empire's polities could only support a common approach if they had common aims. Second, a united approach to an outside crisis had to foster the preservation of internal stability. Motivated by German commerce in the Baltic, the empire was persistent in trying to achieve peace in that region. The empire was not alone in its interest in the Scandinavian conflict, which threatened no less than the economic well-being of western Europe.


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Gränsbygd under krig
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Year: 1971 Publisher: Lund : Gleerup,

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Bidrag till belysning av den baltiska fronten under det nordiska sjuårskriget, 1563-1570
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ISBN: 9174020331 Year: 1977 Volume: 19 Publisher: Stockholm : Almqvist & Wiksell International,

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Erik XIV : oratio de iniusto bello regis Daniae anno 1563 contra regnum Sueciae Ericum 14 gesto
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ISBN: 9122020217 9789122020219 Year: 2003 Volume: 49 Publisher: Stockholm Almqvist and Wiksell international

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Danmarks konflikt med Sverige 1563-1570
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ISBN: 8787462192 9788787462198 Year: 1982 Publisher: København : Den danske historiske forening,

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The Northern wars : war, state and society in Northeastern Europe, 1558-1721
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ISBN: 0582064295 Year: 2000 Volume: *3 Publisher: Harlow, England London New York Longman

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