Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

Normen.

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

1.1 This test method covers the determination of the amount of synthetic anionic ingredient in a surfactant by direct titration with a standardized cationic reagent. The test method is a simple and convenient means for the quantitative estimation of the anionic material. The end point is detected by the transfer of a colored complex from an organic solvent phase to an aqueous phase. The colored complex is formed by the addition of a solution of dye to a solution of the anionic surfactant. This complex is soluble in the organic-solvent phase and insoluble in the aqueous phase. When this solution is titrated with a standardized solution of a cationic reagent, the dye is displaced from the colored complex and, being water-soluble, migrates to the aqueous phase. Therefore, a cationic titrating solution that has been standardized against a characterized anionic agent can be used to analyze for other anionics of known molecular mass. 1.2 This test method is applicable to alkylaryl sulfonates, alkyl sulfonates, alkyl sulfates and hydroxy-sulfates, alkyl- phenol- and fatty alcohol ethoxy-sulfates and dialkylsulfo- succinates. It applies to active materials containing one hydrophilic group per molecule. 1.3 The analytical procedures appear in the following order: Sections Reagents 6 Primary Standard 8 Purity 8.2 Alcohols 8.3 Free Acid or Alkali 8.4 Preparation of Mixed Indicator Solution 9 Preparation of Hyamine Solution 10 Standardization of Hyamine Solution 11 General Procedure for Anionic-Active Material 12

Normen.

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

1.1 This standard covers the qualitative classification of synthetic detergent products or mixtures of synthetic detergents. It is applicable to built detergent formulations as well as individual surfactant compositions. Note 1-The organic active ingredient must be isolated from built syndet compositions in accordance with Test Method D2358.

Normen.

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

1.1 These test methods cover the analysis of calcium chloride and solutions.

Normen.

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

1.1 This test method covers procedures for the determination of the biodegradability or removability, or both, of nonvolatile organic chemicals (Henry's Constant <10 -3 atm/m3 /day) using a laboratory bench scale test and activated sludge from a domestic wastewater treatment plant. 1.2 This test method is derived from a procedure developed for surfactants by the Soap and Detergent Association (1, 2), one developed for alkylbenzene sulfonates by ASTM (see Test Method D2667) and one developed by the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) for assessing inherent biodegradation (3) and also codified in the Toxic Substances Control Act Test Guidelines (4). For assessment of variability, replicate test systems (three or more) should be employed. It is recommended that the tests be used for chemical compounds that can be well characterized with respect to chemical and physical properties. Testing of mixtures or fully formulated products can lead to serious problems in Data interpretations. 1.3 The procedures involve the exposure of the test chemical(s) to activated sludge mixed liquor microorganisms over a finite time cycle in specially designed aeration chambers. Biodegradability is determined from dissolved organic carbon (DOC) measurements, from radiochemical analyses, or from measurements of test chemical concentration using a specific analytical method. Based on DOC analyses alone, biodegradation can only be claimed if other removal mechanisms (for example, adsorption, volatility, or chemical transformation) are discounted by means of specific testing or knowledge of physical chemical properties of the test chemical. Modifications of this test method for water insoluble and moderately volatile chemicals are presented in this test method and principles are described in somewhat more detail elsewhere (see 5, 6). 1.4 These procedures may also be used as a means of acclimating microorganisms to an organic chemical over an extended period. The acclimated Microorganisms may be used as an inoculum source for other biodegradation tests.

Normen.