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Neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, Huntington’s, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, are the most common pathologies of the central nervous system currently without a cure. They share common molecular and cellular characteristics, including protein misfolding, mitochondrial dysfunction, glutamate toxicity, dysregulation of calcium homeostasis, oxidative stress, inflammation, and ageing, which contribute to neuronal death. Efforts to treat these diseases are often limited by their multifactorial etiology. Natural products, thanks to their multitarget activities, are considered promising alternatives for the treatment of neurodegeneration. This book deals with two different forms of natural products: extracts and isolated compounds. The study of the bioactivity of the extracts is extremely important as many studies have demonstrated the synergistic effect of the combination of different natural products. On the other hand, the investigation of the activity of specifically isolated natural products can be also important to understand their cellular and molecular mechanisms and to define the specific bioactive components in extracts or foods. This book can be considered an important contribution to knowledge of the neuroprotective effect of natural products and presents a great deal of information, related to both the benefits but also the limitations of their use in counteracting neurodegeneration.

Research & information: general --- Biology, life sciences --- Vitamin D --- Multiple Sclerosis --- symptom --- neurodegeneration --- oxidative injury --- Parkinson’s disease --- terpenes, rotenone --- thymol --- Alzheimer’s disease --- Centella asiatica --- hippocampus --- protein poshophatase 2 --- glycogen synthase kinase 3 --- B-cell lymphoma 2 --- neuroprotection --- nutraceuticals --- bioavailability --- stress response --- neurodegenerative disease --- bioactive compound --- natural extract --- β-amyloid peptide --- tau protein --- clinical trial --- human studies --- animal studies --- in vitro studies --- curcumin --- free radicals --- heme oxygenase --- safety profile --- type 2 diabetes --- inflammation --- vascular damage --- learning --- memory --- natural compound --- oxidative stress --- cognitive dysfunction --- cell death --- synapse loss --- protein aggregation --- neuroinflammation --- algae --- seaweeds --- neurodegenerative diseases --- auraptene --- dopamine neuron --- antioxidant --- mitochondria --- Chionanthus retusus --- flavonoid --- flower --- HO-1 --- NO --- Lippia citriodora --- VEE --- Vs --- relaxation --- depression --- cyclic AMP --- calcium --- blood–brain barrier --- catechin --- cognition --- epigallocatechin gallate --- green tea --- microbiota --- 5-(3,5-dihydroxyphenyl)-γ-valerolactone --- ascaroside pheromone --- C. elegans --- dauer --- neuronal signaling --- sexual behavior --- survival signals --- proteostasis --- chaperones --- autophagy --- ubiquitin-proteasome --- unfolded protein response --- natural compounds --- natural products --- ethics --- patients’ autonomy --- beneficence --- nonmaleficence --- medical liability --- Parkinson’s disease (PD) --- mitochondrial dysfunction --- dynamics --- hormesis --- ubiquitin‒proteasome system (UPS) --- mitophagy --- n/a --- Parkinson's disease --- Alzheimer's disease --- blood-brain barrier --- patients' autonomy --- Parkinson's disease (PD)

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Neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, Huntington’s, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, are the most common pathologies of the central nervous system currently without a cure. They share common molecular and cellular characteristics, including protein misfolding, mitochondrial dysfunction, glutamate toxicity, dysregulation of calcium homeostasis, oxidative stress, inflammation, and ageing, which contribute to neuronal death. Efforts to treat these diseases are often limited by their multifactorial etiology. Natural products, thanks to their multitarget activities, are considered promising alternatives for the treatment of neurodegeneration. This book deals with two different forms of natural products: extracts and isolated compounds. The study of the bioactivity of the extracts is extremely important as many studies have demonstrated the synergistic effect of the combination of different natural products. On the other hand, the investigation of the activity of specifically isolated natural products can be also important to understand their cellular and molecular mechanisms and to define the specific bioactive components in extracts or foods. This book can be considered an important contribution to knowledge of the neuroprotective effect of natural products and presents a great deal of information, related to both the benefits but also the limitations of their use in counteracting neurodegeneration.

Research & information: general --- Biology, life sciences --- Vitamin D --- Multiple Sclerosis --- symptom --- neurodegeneration --- oxidative injury --- Parkinson's disease --- terpenes, rotenone --- thymol --- Alzheimer's disease --- Centella asiatica --- hippocampus --- protein poshophatase 2 --- glycogen synthase kinase 3 --- B-cell lymphoma 2 --- neuroprotection --- nutraceuticals --- bioavailability --- stress response --- neurodegenerative disease --- bioactive compound --- natural extract --- β-amyloid peptide --- tau protein --- clinical trial --- human studies --- animal studies --- in vitro studies --- curcumin --- free radicals --- heme oxygenase --- safety profile --- type 2 diabetes --- inflammation --- vascular damage --- learning --- memory --- natural compound --- oxidative stress --- cognitive dysfunction --- cell death --- synapse loss --- protein aggregation --- neuroinflammation --- algae --- seaweeds --- neurodegenerative diseases --- auraptene --- dopamine neuron --- antioxidant --- mitochondria --- Chionanthus retusus --- flavonoid --- flower --- HO-1 --- NO --- Lippia citriodora --- VEE --- Vs --- relaxation --- depression --- cyclic AMP --- calcium --- blood-brain barrier --- catechin --- cognition --- epigallocatechin gallate --- green tea --- microbiota --- 5-(3,5-dihydroxyphenyl)-γ-valerolactone --- ascaroside pheromone --- C. elegans --- dauer --- neuronal signaling --- sexual behavior --- survival signals --- proteostasis --- chaperones --- autophagy --- ubiquitin-proteasome --- unfolded protein response --- natural compounds --- natural products --- ethics --- patients' autonomy --- beneficence --- nonmaleficence --- medical liability --- Parkinson's disease (PD) --- mitochondrial dysfunction --- dynamics --- hormesis --- ubiquitin‒proteasome system (UPS) --- mitophagy

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Explores the philosophical and practical ethical implications of a definition of health as a state that allows us to reach our goals.Definitions of health and disease are of more than theoretical interest. Understanding what it means to be healthy has implications for choices in medical treatment, for ethically sound informed consent, and for accurate assessment of policies or programs. This deeper understanding can help us create more effective public policy for health and medicine. It is notable that such contentious legal initiatives as the Americans with Disability Act and the Patients' Bill of Rights fail to define adequately the medical terms on which their effectiveness depends. In Ethics and the Metaphysics of Medicine, Kenneth Richman develops an "embedded instrumentalist" theory of health and applies it to practical problems in health care and medicine, addressing topics that range from the philosophy of science to knee surgery."Embedded instrumentalist" theories hold that health is a match between one's goals and one's ability to reach those goals, and that the relevant goals may vary from individual to individual. This captures the normative implications of the term health while avoiding problematic relativism. Richman's embedded instrumentalism differs from other theories of health in drawing a distinction between the health of individuals as biological organisms and the health of individuals as moral agents. This distinction illuminates many difficulties in patient-provider communication and helps us understand conflicts between promoting health and promoting ethically permissible behavior. After exploring, expanding, and defending this theory in the first part of the book, Richman examines its ethical implications, discussing such concerns as the connection between medical beneficence and respect for autonomy, patient-provider communication, living wills, and clinical education.

Medicine --- Health --- Medical ethics. --- Philosophy, Medical. --- Bioethical Issues. --- Ethics, Medical. --- Medical ethics --- Advance Directives --- Ethics, Medical --- Personal Autonomy --- Biomedical Enhancement --- Communication --- Paternalism --- Ethics, Clinical --- Beneficence --- Philosophy, Medical --- Patient Care --- Evidence-Based Medicine --- Physician-Patient Relations --- Goals --- Quality of Life --- Bioethical Issues --- Biomedical Technology --- Professional-Patient Relations --- Ethics --- Principle-Based Ethics --- Philosophy --- Advance Care Planning --- Population Characteristics --- Psychology, Social --- Jurisprudence --- Freedom --- Health Services --- Ethics, Professional --- Investigative Techniques --- Behavior --- Psychological Phenomena and Processes --- Life --- Information Science --- Bioethics --- Evidence-Based Practice --- Social Sciences --- Motivation --- Clinical Medicine --- Therapeutics --- Social Control, Formal --- Human Rights --- Humanities --- Health Care Facilities, Manpower, and Services --- Interpersonal Relations --- Health Occupations --- Behavior and Behavior Mechanisms --- Technology --- Health Care --- Patient Care Planning --- Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena --- Psychiatry and Psychology --- Delivery of Health Care --- Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment --- Disciplines and Occupations --- Health Care Quality, Access, and Evaluation --- Health Care Economics and Organizations --- Sociology --- Comprehensive Health Care --- Technology, Industry, and Agriculture --- Patient Care Management --- Technology, Industry, Agriculture --- Health Services Administration --- Medical Ethics & Philosophy --- Health & Biological Sciences --- Philosophy. --- Hume, David, --- Administration, Health Services --- Care Management, Patient --- Management, Patient Care --- Comprehensive Healthcare --- Health Care, Comprehensive --- Healthcare, Comprehensive --- General Social Development and Population --- Healthcare Economics and Organizations --- Healthcare Quality, Access, and Evaluation --- Medical Specialities --- Medical Specialties --- Medical Specialty --- Specialities, Medical --- Specialties, Medical --- Specialty, Medical --- Medical Speciality --- Speciality, Medical --- Community-Based Distribution --- Contraceptive Distribution --- Delivery of Healthcare --- Dental Care Delivery --- Distribution, Non-Clinical --- Distribution, Nonclinical --- Distributional Activities --- Healthcare --- Healthcare Delivery --- Healthcare Systems --- Non-Clinical Distribution --- Nonclinical Distribution --- Delivery of Dental Care --- Health Care Delivery --- Health Care Systems --- Activities, Distributional --- Activity, Distributional --- Care, Health --- Community Based Distribution --- Community-Based Distributions --- Contraceptive Distributions --- Deliveries, Healthcare --- Delivery, Dental Care --- Delivery, Health Care --- Delivery, Healthcare --- Distribution, Community-Based --- Distribution, Contraceptive --- Distribution, Non Clinical --- Distributional Activity --- Distributions, Community-Based --- Distributions, Contraceptive --- Distributions, Non-Clinical --- Distributions, Nonclinical --- Health Care System --- Healthcare Deliveries --- Healthcare System --- Non Clinical Distribution --- Non-Clinical Distributions --- Nonclinical Distributions --- System, Health Care --- System, Healthcare --- Systems, Health Care --- Systems, Healthcare --- Goals of Care --- Plans, Nursing Care --- Nursing Care Plans --- Care Goal --- Care Goals --- Care Plan, Nursing --- Care Planning, Patient --- Care Plans, Nursing --- Nursing Care Plan --- Plan, Nursing Care --- Planning, Patient Care --- Arts, Industrial --- Industrial Arts --- Health Professions --- Health Occupation --- Health Profession --- Occupation, Health --- Occupations, Health --- Profession, Health --- Professions, Health --- Gender Issues --- Husband-Wife Communication --- Partner Communication --- Relations, Gender --- Gender Relations --- Social Interaction --- Communication, Husband-Wife --- Communication, Partner --- Communications, Husband-Wife --- Communications, Partner --- Gender Issue --- Gender Relation --- Husband Wife Communication --- Husband-Wife Communications --- Interaction, Social --- Interactions, Social --- Interpersonal Relation --- Issue, Gender --- Issues, Gender --- Partner Communications --- Relation, Gender --- Relation, Interpersonal --- Relations, Interpersonal --- Social Interactions --- Healthcare Facilities, Manpower, and Services --- Equal Rights --- Equal Right --- Human Right --- Right, Equal --- Right, Human --- Rights, Equal --- Rights, Human --- Regulation --- Social Control --- Control, Social --- Controls, Social --- Formal Social Control --- Formal Social Controls --- Regulations --- Social Controls --- Therapy --- Treatment --- Therapeutic --- Therapies --- Treatments --- Disease --- Medicine, Clinical --- Disincentives --- Incentives --- Disincentive --- Incentive --- Evidence Based Health Care Management --- Evidence Based Healthcare Management --- Evidence Based Management, Health Care --- Evidence Based Management, Healthcare --- Evidence-Based Healthcare --- Evidence-Based Health Care --- Evidence Based Health Care --- Evidence Based Healthcare --- Evidence Based Practice --- Evidence-Based Health Cares --- Evidence-Based Healthcares --- Health Care, Evidence-Based --- Health Cares, Evidence-Based --- Healthcare, Evidence-Based --- Healthcares, Evidence-Based --- Biomedical Ethics --- Health Care Ethics --- Ethics, Biomedical --- Ethics, Health Care --- Information Sciences --- Science, Information --- Sciences, Information --- Science, Social --- Sciences, Social --- Social Science --- Psychologic Processes and Principles --- Acceptance Process --- Acceptance Processes --- Behaviors --- Process, Acceptance --- Processes, Acceptance --- Investigative Technics --- Investigative Technic --- Investigative Technique --- Technic, Investigative --- Technics, Investigative --- Technique, Investigative --- Techniques, Investigative --- Professional Ethics --- Ethic, Professional --- Professional Ethic --- Services, Health --- Health Service --- Service, Health --- Libertarianism --- Liberty --- Freedoms --- Constitutional Law --- Court Decision --- Law --- Legal Aspects --- Legal Obligations --- Legal Status --- State Interest --- Litigation --- Medical Jurisprudence --- Aspect, Legal --- Aspects, Legal --- Constitutional Laws --- Court Decisions --- Decision, Court --- Decisions, Court --- Interest, State --- Interests, State --- Jurisprudence, Medical --- Law, Constitutional --- Laws --- Laws, Constitutional --- Legal Aspect --- Legal Obligation --- Litigations --- Obligation, Legal --- Obligations, Legal --- State Interests --- Status, Legal --- Social Psychology --- Psychologies, Social --- Social Psychologies --- Population Heterogeneity --- Population Statistics --- Characteristic, Population --- Characteristics, Population --- Heterogeneity, Population --- Population Characteristic --- Statistics, Population --- Advance Health Care Planning --- Advance Medical Planning --- Medical Planning, Advance --- Planning, Advance Medical --- Philosophical Overview --- Hedonism --- Stoicism --- Overview, Philosophical --- Overviews, Philosophical --- Philosophical Overviews --- Philosophies --- Principlism --- Ethic, Principle-Based --- Ethics, Principle-Based --- Principle Based Ethics --- Principle-Based Ethic --- Contacting Clients --- Professional Patient Relationship --- Client, Contacting --- Clients, Contacting --- Contacting Client --- Professional Patient Relations --- Professional Patient Relationships --- Professional-Patient Relation --- Relation, Professional-Patient --- Relations, Professional-Patient --- Relationship, Professional Patient --- Relationships, Professional Patient --- Biomedical Technologies --- Technology, Biomedical --- Technology, Health --- Technology, Health Care --- Health Care Technology --- Health Technology --- Bioethical Issue --- Issue, Bioethical --- Issues, Bioethical --- Health-Related Quality Of Life --- Life Quality --- Health Related Quality Of Life --- Normalcy --- Normality --- Normalities --- Goal --- Doctor Patient Relations --- Physician Patient Relations --- Physician Patient Relationship --- Doctor-Patient Relations --- Doctor Patient Relation --- Doctor-Patient Relation --- Physician Patient Relation --- Physician Patient Relationships --- Physician-Patient Relation --- Relation, Doctor Patient --- Relation, Doctor-Patient --- Relation, Physician Patient --- Relation, Physician-Patient --- Relations, Doctor Patient --- Relations, Doctor-Patient --- Relations, Physician Patient --- Relations, Physician-Patient --- Relationship, Physician Patient --- Relationships, Physician Patient --- Medicine, Evidence-Based --- Evidence Based Medicine --- Medicine, Evidence Based --- Informal care --- Care, Patient --- Informal cares --- care, Informal --- cares, Informal --- Medical Philosophy --- Benevolence --- Nonmaleficence --- Clinical Ethics --- Egoism --- Ethical Issues --- Metaethics --- Moral Policy --- Natural Law --- Situational Ethics --- Ethical Issue --- Ethics, Situational --- Issue, Ethical --- Issues, Ethical --- Law, Natural --- Laws, Natural --- Moral Policies --- Natural Laws --- Policies, Moral --- Policy, Moral --- Communication Programs --- Communications Personnel --- Misinformation --- Personal Communication --- Communication Program --- Communication, Personal --- Personnel, Communications --- Program, Communication --- Programs, Communication --- Enhancement Technologies --- Enhancement, Biomedical --- Biomedical Enhancements --- Enhancement Technology --- Enhancements, Biomedical --- Technologies, Enhancement --- Technology, Enhancement --- Free Will --- Self Determination --- Autonomy, Personal --- Medical Ethics --- Healthcare Power of Attorney --- Psychiatric Wills --- Ulysses Contracts --- Health Care Power of Attorney --- Medical Power of Attorney --- Advance Directive --- Attorney Healthcare Power --- Attorney Medical Power --- Contract, Ulysses --- Contracts, Ulysses --- Directive, Advance --- Directives, Advance --- Psychiatric Will --- Ulysses Contract --- Will, Psychiatric --- Wills, Psychiatric --- Biomedical ethics --- Clinical ethics --- Health care ethics --- Medical care --- organization & administration --- therapy --- ethics --- Moral and ethical aspects --- Family Practice --- Clinical Protocols --- Cloud Computing --- Occupations --- Friends --- Emotional Intelligence --- Social Justice --- Human Rights Abuses --- Public Policy --- Drive --- Ethicists --- Psychologic Processes --- Psychological Processes --- Phenomena, Psychological --- Processes, Psychologic --- Processes, Psychological --- Psychological Phenomenas --- Psychological Processe --- Professional Misconduct --- Defamation --- Lawyers --- Terminal Care --- Pharmacy Philosophy --- Pharmacy Philosophies --- Philosophies, Pharmacy --- Philosophy, Pharmacy --- Ethical Theory --- Pharmacist-Patient Relations --- Pharmacist Patient Relations --- Pharmacist-Patient Relation --- Relation, Pharmacist-Patient --- Relations, Pharmacist-Patient --- Truth Disclosure --- Teach-Back Communication --- Biomedical Engineering --- Medical Informatics --- Euthanasia --- Human Experimentation --- Patient Rights --- Animal Experimentation --- HRQOL --- Life Style --- Cost of Illness --- Karnofsky Performance Status --- Value of Life --- Intention --- Decision Support Techniques --- Evidence-Based Dentistry --- Evidence-Based Nursing --- Altruism --- Ethics Committees, Clinical --- Ethics Consultation --- Censorship, Research --- Self Concept --- Professional Autonomy --- Professionalism --- Patient Self-Determination Act --- Advance Directive Adherence --- Professional ethics --- Nursing ethics --- Social medicine --- Medical logic --- Health Workforce --- Expectations --- Expectation --- Motivations --- Psychology, Perceptual --- Perceptual Psychology --- Collective Human Rights --- Linguistic Rights --- Right to Housing and Shelter --- Rights of Indigenous Peoples --- Human Rights, Collective --- Indigenous Peoples Rights --- Rights, Collective Human --- Rights, Linguistic --- Freedom of Religion --- Religious Freedom --- Right to Movement --- Freedom, Religious --- Freedoms, Religious --- Movement, Right to --- Movements, Right to --- Religion Freedom --- Religion Freedoms --- Religious Freedoms --- Right to Movements --- to Movement, Right --- to Movements, Right --- PHILOSOPHY/Ethics & Bioethics --- BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES/General

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Biologie humaine -- Morale et aspects éthiques --- Biomedical ethics --- Biomedische ethiek --- Biomédecine -- Morale et aspects éthiques --- Deontologie [Medische ] --- Deontology [Medical ] --- Déontologie médicale --- Ethics [Medical ] --- Ethiek [Medische ] --- Ethique médicale --- Medical care -- Moral and ethical aspects --- Medical deontology --- Medical ethics --- Medicine -- Moral and ethical aspects --- Medische deontologie --- Medische ethiek --- Morale et médecine --- Morale médicale --- Médecine -- Innovations -- Morale et aspects éthiques --- Médecine -- Morale et aspects éthiques --- Médecine et morale --- Politique sanitaire -- Morale et aspects éthiques --- Soins médicaux -- Morale et aspects éthiques --- Éthique clinique --- Medical ethics. --- Ethics, Medical. --- Philosophy, Medical. --- Economics, Medical. --- Health Care Rationing. --- Physician-Patient Relations. --- Patient Advocacy. --- Informed Consent. --- Quality of Health Care. --- Compensation and Redress --- Delivery of Health Care --- Paternalism --- Public Policy --- Social Justice --- Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome --- Ethics --- HIV Seropositivity --- Jurisprudence --- Personal Autonomy --- Altruism --- Beneficence --- Economics --- Freedom --- Human Rights --- Wounds and Injuries --- Health Care Rationing --- Social Change --- Coercion --- Liability, Legal --- Physicians --- Political Systems --- Informed Consent --- Morals --- Quality of Health Care --- Occupational Exposure --- Resource Allocation --- Moral Obligations --- Patient Care --- Patients --- Physician-Patient Relations --- Ethics, Medical --- Social Responsibility --- Iatrogenic Disease --- Physician's Role --- Policy Making --- Malpractice --- Refusal to Treat --- Social Welfare --- Social Control Policies --- Social Sciences --- Ethics, Clinical --- Disease Attributes --- Environmental Exposure --- Principle-Based Ethics --- Social Control, Formal --- HIV Infections --- Health Services Accessibility --- Health Care Quality, Access, and Evaluation --- Health Services --- Professional Role --- Attitude of Health Personnel --- Psychology, Social --- Therapeutics --- Primary Health Care --- Sociology --- Professional-Patient Relations --- Health Care Economics and Organizations --- Patient Rights --- Slow Virus Diseases --- Health Personnel --- Persons --- Diseases --- Psychological Phenomena and Processes --- Philosophy --- Patient Care Management --- Social Control, Informal --- Humanities --- Health Services Administration --- Social Behavior --- Socioeconomic Factors --- Health Planning --- Health Care --- Ethics, Professional --- Policy --- Behavior --- Population Characteristics --- Behavior and Behavior Mechanisms --- Virus Diseases --- Role --- Health Care Facilities, Manpower, and Services --- Pathologic Processes --- Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena --- Environmental Pollution --- Lentivirus Infections --- Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes --- Sexually Transmitted Diseases, Viral --- Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment --- Comprehensive Health Care --- Named Groups --- Interpersonal Relations --- Occupational Groups --- Psychiatry and Psychology --- Sexually Transmitted Diseases --- Retroviridae Infections --- Group Processes --- Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms --- Immune System Diseases --- Public Health --- RNA Virus Infections --- Environment and Public Health --- Medical Ethics & Philosophy --- Medicine --- Health & Biological Sciences --- Social Psychology --- Psychologies, Social --- Social Psychologies --- Staff Attitude --- Attitude, Staff --- Attitudes, Staff --- Health Personnel Attitude --- Health Personnel Attitudes --- Staff Attitudes --- Professional Roles --- Role, Professional --- Roles, Professional --- Services, Health --- Health Service --- Service, Health --- Healthcare Quality, Access, and Evaluation --- Accessibility, Health Services --- Contraceptive Availability --- Health Services Geographic Accessibility --- Program Accessibility --- Access to Health Care --- Accessibility of Health Services --- Availability of Health Services --- Accessibility, Program --- Availability, Contraceptive --- Health Services Availability --- HTLV-III Infections --- HTLV-III-LAV Infections --- T-Lymphotropic Virus Type III Infections, Human --- HIV Infection --- HTLV III Infections --- HTLV III LAV Infections --- HTLV-III Infection --- HTLV-III-LAV Infection --- Infection, HIV --- Infection, HTLV-III --- Infection, HTLV-III-LAV --- Infections, HIV --- Infections, HTLV-III --- Infections, HTLV-III-LAV --- T Lymphotropic Virus Type III Infections, Human --- Regulation --- Social Control --- Control, Social --- Controls, Social --- Formal Social Control --- Formal Social Controls --- Regulations --- Social Controls --- Principlism --- Ethic, Principle-Based --- Ethics, Principle-Based --- Principle Based Ethics --- Principle-Based Ethic --- Exposure, Environmental --- Environmental Exposures --- Exposures, Environmental --- Attribute, Disease --- Attributes, Disease --- Disease Attribute --- Clinical Ethics --- Clinical Medicine --- Science, Social --- Sciences, Social --- Social Science --- Control Policies, Social --- Control Policy, Social --- Policies, Social Control --- Policy, Social Control --- Social Control Policy --- Patient Abandonment --- Physician Refusal to Treat --- Abandonment, Patient --- Community Services --- Services, Community --- Community Service --- Service, Community --- Welfare, Social --- Negligence --- Negligence, Professional --- Analysis, Policy --- Policy Analysis --- Policy Development --- Analyses, Policy --- Development, Policy --- Developments, Policy --- Making, Policy --- Policy Analyses --- Policy Developments --- Physicians' Role --- Physician Role --- Physician's Roles --- Physicians Role --- Physicians' Roles --- Role, Physician's --- Role, Physicians' --- Roles, Physician's --- Roles, Physicians' --- Hospital-Acquired Condition --- Condition, Hospital-Acquired --- Conditions, Hospital-Acquired --- Disease, Iatrogenic --- Diseases, Iatrogenic --- Hospital Acquired Condition --- Hospital-Acquired Conditions --- Iatrogenic Diseases --- Accountability --- Communitarianism --- Future Generations --- Obligations to Society --- Social Accountability --- Obligation, Social --- Responsibility, Social --- Accountability, Social --- Future Generation --- Generation, Future --- Generations, Future --- Obligations, Social --- Responsibilities, Social --- Social Obligation --- Social Obligations --- Social Responsibilities --- Society, Obligations to --- Medical Ethics --- Doctor Patient Relations --- Physician Patient Relations --- Physician Patient Relationship --- Doctor-Patient Relations --- Doctor Patient Relation --- Doctor-Patient Relation --- Physician Patient Relation --- Physician Patient Relationships --- Physician-Patient Relation --- Relation, Doctor Patient --- Relation, Doctor-Patient --- Relation, Physician Patient --- Relation, Physician-Patient --- Relations, Doctor Patient --- Relations, Doctor-Patient --- Relations, Physician Patient --- Relations, Physician-Patient --- Relationship, Physician Patient --- Relationships, Physician Patient --- Clients --- Client --- Patient --- Informal care --- Care, Patient --- Informal cares --- care, Informal --- cares, Informal --- Moral Duties --- Duties, Moral --- Duty, Moral --- Moral Duty --- Moral Obligation --- Obligation, Moral --- Obligations, Moral --- Allocation of Resources --- Allocative Efficiency --- Allocation, Resource --- Allocations, Resource --- Efficiency, Allocative --- Resource Allocations --- Resources Allocation --- Exposure, Occupational --- Exposures, Occupational --- Occupational Exposures --- Quality of Care --- Quality of Healthcare --- Care Qualities --- Care Quality --- Health Care Quality --- Healthcare Quality --- Morality --- Consent, Informed --- Political System --- System, Political --- Systems, Political --- Physician --- Legal Liability --- Medical Liability --- Torts --- Institutional Liability --- Personal Liability --- Professional Liability --- Institutional Liabilities --- Legal Liabilities --- Liabilities, Institutional --- Liabilities, Legal --- Liabilities, Medical --- Liabilities, Personal --- Liabilities, Professional --- Liability, Institutional --- Liability, Medical --- Liability, Personal --- Liability, Professional --- Medical Liabilities --- Personal Liabilities --- Professional Liabilities --- Tort --- Involuntary Fertility Control --- Fertility Control, Involuntary --- Modernization --- Social Development --- Social Impact --- Change, Social --- Changes, Social --- Development, Social --- Developments, Social --- Impact, Social --- Impacts, Social --- Social Changes --- Social Developments --- Social Impacts --- Healthcare Rationing --- Rationing, Health Care --- Rationing, Healthcare --- Injuries and Wounds --- Injuries, Wounds --- Research-Related Injuries --- Wounds --- Wounds and Injury --- Wounds, Injury --- Injuries --- Trauma --- Injuries, Research-Related --- Injury --- Injury and Wounds --- Injury, Research-Related --- Research Related Injuries --- Research-Related Injury --- Traumas --- Wound --- Equal Rights --- Equal Right --- Human Right --- Right, Equal --- Right, Human --- Rights, Equal --- Rights, Human --- Libertarianism --- Liberty --- Freedoms --- Capital --- Conditions, Economic --- Consumption --- Cost of Living --- Easterlin Hypothesis --- Economic Conditions --- Economic Factors --- Economic Policies --- Economic Policy --- Economics, Home --- Factors, Economic --- Home Economics --- Household Consumption --- Macroeconomic Factors --- Microeconomic Factors --- Policies, Economic --- Policy, Economic --- Production --- Remittances --- Utility Theory --- Consumer Price Index --- Condition, Economic --- Consumer Price Indices --- Consumption, Household --- Economic Condition --- Economic Factor --- Factor, Economic --- Factor, Macroeconomic --- Factor, Microeconomic --- Factors, Macroeconomic --- Factors, Microeconomic --- Household Consumptions --- Hypothesis, Easterlin --- Index, Consumer Price --- Indices, Consumer Price --- Living Cost --- Living Costs --- Remittance --- Theories, Utility --- Theory, Utility --- Utility Theories --- Benevolence --- Nonmaleficence --- Humanitarianism --- Free Will --- Self Determination --- Autonomy, Personal --- Constitutional Law --- Court Decision --- Law --- Legal Aspects --- Legal Obligations --- Legal Status --- State Interest --- Litigation --- Medical Jurisprudence --- Aspect, Legal --- Aspects, Legal --- Constitutional Laws --- Court Decisions --- Decision, Court --- Decisions, Court --- Interest, State --- Interests, State --- Jurisprudence, Medical --- Law, Constitutional --- Laws --- Laws, Constitutional --- Legal Aspect --- Legal Obligation --- Litigations --- Obligation, Legal --- Obligations, Legal --- State Interests --- Status, Legal --- AIDS Seroconversion --- AIDS Seropositivity --- Anti-HIV Positivity --- HIV Antibody Positivity --- HIV Seroconversion --- HTLV-III Seroconversion --- HTLV-III Seropositivity --- AIDS Seroconversions --- AIDS Seropositivities --- Anti HIV Positivity --- Anti-HIV Positivities --- Antibody Positivities, HIV --- Antibody Positivity, HIV --- HIV Antibody Positivities --- HIV Seroconversions --- HIV Seropositivities --- HTLV III Seroconversion --- HTLV III Seropositivity --- HTLV-III Seroconversions --- HTLV-III Seropositivities --- Positivities, Anti-HIV --- Positivities, HIV Antibody --- Positivity, Anti-HIV --- Positivity, HIV Antibody --- Seroconversion, AIDS --- Seroconversion, HIV --- Seroconversion, HTLV-III --- Seroconversions, AIDS --- Seroconversions, HIV --- Seroconversions, HTLV-III --- Seropositivities, AIDS --- Seropositivities, HIV --- Seropositivities, HTLV-III --- Seropositivity, AIDS --- Seropositivity, HIV --- Seropositivity, HTLV-III --- Egoism --- Ethical Issues --- Metaethics --- Moral Policy --- Natural Law --- Situational Ethics --- Ethical Issue --- Ethics, Situational --- Issue, Ethical --- Issues, Ethical --- Law, Natural --- Laws, Natural --- Moral Policies --- Natural Laws --- Policies, Moral --- Policy, Moral --- Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome --- Acquired Immuno-Deficiency Syndrome --- AIDS --- Immunodeficiency Syndrome, Acquired --- Immunologic Deficiency Syndrome, Acquired --- Acquired Immuno Deficiency Syndrome --- Acquired Immuno-Deficiency Syndromes --- Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndromes --- Immuno-Deficiency Syndrome, Acquired --- Immuno-Deficiency Syndromes, Acquired --- Immunodeficiency Syndromes, Acquired --- Syndrome, Acquired Immuno-Deficiency --- Syndrome, Acquired Immunodeficiency --- Syndromes, Acquired Immuno-Deficiency --- Syndromes, Acquired Immunodeficiency --- Common Good --- Justice --- Obligations of Society --- Good, Common --- Justice, Social --- Migration Policy --- Population Policy --- Social Protection --- Social Policy --- Migration Policies --- Policies, Migration --- Policies, Population --- Policies, Public --- Policies, Social --- Policy, Migration --- Policy, Population --- Policy, Public --- Policy, Social --- Population Policies --- Protection, Social --- Public Policies --- Social Policies --- Community-Based Distribution --- Contraceptive Distribution --- Delivery of Healthcare --- Dental Care Delivery --- Distribution, Non-Clinical --- Distribution, Nonclinical --- Distributional Activities --- Healthcare --- Healthcare Delivery --- Healthcare Systems --- Non-Clinical Distribution --- Nonclinical Distribution --- Delivery of Dental Care --- Health Care Delivery --- Health Care Systems --- Activities, Distributional --- Activity, Distributional --- Care, Health --- Community Based Distribution --- Community-Based Distributions --- Contraceptive Distributions --- Deliveries, Healthcare --- Delivery, Dental Care --- Delivery, Health Care --- Delivery, Healthcare --- Distribution, Community-Based --- Distribution, Contraceptive --- Distribution, Non Clinical --- Distributional Activity --- Distributions, Community-Based --- Distributions, Contraceptive --- Distributions, Non-Clinical --- Distributions, Nonclinical --- Health Care System --- Healthcare Deliveries --- Healthcare System --- Non Clinical Distribution --- Non-Clinical Distributions --- Nonclinical Distributions --- System, Health Care --- System, Healthcare --- Systems, Health Care --- Systems, Healthcare --- Compensation --- Redress and Compensation --- Clinical ethics --- Health care ethics --- Medical care --- Clinical Ombudsman --- Patient Ombudsman --- Patient Ombudsmen --- Patient Representatives --- Advocacy, Patient --- Ombudsman, Clinical --- Ombudsman, Patient --- Ombudsmen, Patient --- Patient Representative --- Representative, Patient --- Representatives, Patient --- Medical Economics --- Medical Philosophy --- Infections, RNA Virus --- Infection, RNA Virus --- RNA Virus Infection --- Virus Infection, RNA --- Virus Infections, RNA --- Environment, Preventive Medicine & Public Health --- Environment, Preventive Medicine and Public Health --- Health, Public --- Diseases of Immune System --- Immune Diseases --- Immunological Diseases --- Immune Disorders --- Immunologic Diseases --- Disease, Immune --- Disease, Immune System --- Disease, Immunologic --- Disease, Immunological --- Diseases, Immune --- Diseases, Immune System --- Diseases, Immunologic --- Diseases, Immunological --- Disorder, Immune --- Disorders, Immune --- Immune Disease --- Immune Disorder --- Immune System Disease --- Immunologic Disease --- Immunological Disease --- Symptoms and General Pathology --- Group Meetings --- Group Process --- Group Thinking --- Group Meeting --- Group Thinkings --- Meeting, Group --- Meetings, Group --- Process, Group --- Processes, Group --- Thinking, Group --- Thinkings, Group --- Infections, Retroviridae --- Infections, Retrovirus --- Retrovirus Infections --- Infection, Retroviridae --- Infection, Retrovirus --- Retroviridae Infection --- Retrovirus Infection --- STDs --- STIs --- Sexually Transmitted Infections --- Venereal Diseases --- Disease, Sexually Transmitted --- Disease, Venereal --- Diseases, Sexually Transmitted --- Diseases, Venereal --- Infection, Sexually Transmitted --- Infections, Sexually Transmitted --- STI --- Sexually Transmitted Disease --- Sexually Transmitted Infection --- Transmitted Infection, Sexually --- Transmitted Infections, Sexually --- Venereal Disease --- Group, Occupational --- Groups, Occupational --- Occupational Group --- Gender Issues --- Husband-Wife Communication --- Partner Communication --- Relations, Gender --- Gender Relations --- Social Interaction --- Communication, Husband-Wife --- Communication, Partner --- Communications, Husband-Wife --- Communications, Partner --- Gender Issue --- Gender Relation --- Husband Wife Communication --- Husband-Wife Communications --- Interaction, Social --- Interactions, Social --- Interpersonal Relation --- Issue, Gender --- Issues, Gender --- Partner Communications --- Relation, Gender --- Relation, Interpersonal --- Relations, Interpersonal --- Social Interactions --- Comprehensive Healthcare --- Health Care, Comprehensive --- Healthcare, Comprehensive --- Sexually Transmitted Disease, Viral --- Viral Sexually Transmitted Disease --- Viral Sexually Transmitted Diseases --- Viral Venereal Diseases --- Venereal Diseases, Viral --- Disease, Viral Venereal --- Diseases, Viral Venereal --- Venereal Disease, Viral --- Viral Venereal Disease --- Deficiency Syndrome, Immunologic --- Deficiency Syndromes, Antibody --- Deficiency Syndromes, Immunologic --- Immunologic Deficiency Syndrome --- Immunological Deficiency Syndromes --- Antibody Deficiency Syndrome --- Antibody Deficiency Syndromes --- Deficiency Syndrome, Antibody --- Deficiency Syndrome, Immunological --- Deficiency Syndromes, Immunological --- Immunological Deficiency Syndrome --- Syndrome, Antibody Deficiency --- Syndrome, Immunologic Deficiency --- Syndrome, Immunological Deficiency --- Syndromes, Antibody Deficiency --- Syndromes, Immunologic Deficiency --- Syndromes, Immunological Deficiency --- Antibodies --- Infections, Lentivirus --- Infection, Lentivirus --- Lentivirus Infection --- Pollution, Environmental --- Soil Pollution --- Pollution, Soil --- Pathological Processes --- Processes, Pathologic --- Processes, Pathological --- Healthcare Facilities, Manpower, and Services --- Role Concept --- Concept, Role --- Concepts, Role --- Role Concepts --- Roles --- Viral Diseases --- Viral Infections --- Virus Infections --- Disease, Viral --- Disease, Virus --- Diseases, Viral --- Diseases, Virus --- Infection, Viral --- Infection, Virus --- Infections, Viral --- Infections, Virus --- Viral Disease --- Viral Infection --- Virus Disease --- Virus Infection --- Population Heterogeneity --- Population Statistics --- Characteristic, Population --- Characteristics, Population --- Heterogeneity, Population --- Population Characteristic --- Statistics, Population --- Acceptance Process --- Acceptance Processes --- Behaviors --- Process, Acceptance --- Processes, Acceptance --- Policies --- Professional Ethics --- Ethic, Professional --- Professional Ethic --- PL93-641 --- Public Law 93-641 --- Health and Welfare Planning --- National Health Planning and Resources Development Act of 1974 --- Planning, Health and Welfare --- State Health Planning, United States --- Planning, Health --- Public Law 93 641 --- Factors, Socioeconomic --- High-Income Population --- Inequalities --- Land Tenure --- Standard of Living --- Factor, Socioeconomic --- High Income Population --- High-Income Populations --- Inequality --- Living Standard --- Living Standards --- Population, High-Income --- Populations, High-Income --- Socioeconomic Factor --- Tenure, Land --- Behavior, Social --- Behaviors, Social --- Social Behaviors --- Administration, Health Services --- Informal Social Control --- Control, Informal Social --- Controls, Informal Social --- Informal Social Controls --- Social Controls, Informal --- Care Management, Patient --- Management, Patient Care --- Philosophical Overview --- Hedonism --- Stoicism --- Overview, Philosophical --- Overviews, Philosophical --- Philosophical Overviews --- Philosophies --- Psychologic Processes and Principles --- Person --- Field Workers --- Fieldworkers --- Healthcare Providers --- Health Care Providers --- Field Worker --- Fieldworker --- Health Care Provider --- Healthcare Provider --- Personnel, Health --- Provider, Health Care --- Provider, Healthcare --- Providers, Health Care --- Providers, Healthcare --- Worker, Field --- Workers, Field --- Disease, Slow Virus --- Diseases, Slow Virus --- Slow Virus Disease --- Virus Disease, Slow --- Virus Diseases, Slow --- Patient's Rights --- Patients' Rights --- Right to Treatment --- Patient Right --- Patient's Right --- Patients Rights --- Patients' Right --- Right to Treatments --- Right, Patient --- Right, Patient's --- Right, Patients' --- Rights, Patient --- Rights, Patient's --- Rights, Patients' --- Treatment, Right to --- Treatments, Right to --- Healthcare Economics and Organizations --- Contacting Clients --- Professional Patient Relationship --- Client, Contacting --- Clients, Contacting --- Contacting Client --- Professional Patient Relations --- Professional Patient Relationships --- Professional-Patient Relation --- Relation, Professional-Patient --- Relations, Professional-Patient --- Relationship, Professional Patient --- Relationships, Professional Patient --- General Social Development and Population --- Primary Healthcare --- Primary Care --- Care, Primary --- Care, Primary Health --- Health Care, Primary --- Healthcare, Primary --- Therapy --- Treatment --- Therapeutic --- Therapies --- Treatments --- Disease --- ethics --- Moral and ethical aspects --- economics --- deficiency --- organization & administration --- therapy --- Medically Underserved Area --- HIV Coinfection --- Coinfection, HIV --- Coinfections, HIV --- HIV Coinfections --- Ethical Theory --- Sentinel Species --- Ethicists --- Ethics Committees, Clinical --- Ethics Consultation --- Refusal to Participate --- Public Assistance --- Medical Errors --- Professional Misconduct --- Decision Making --- Decision Making, Organizational --- Dissent and Disputes --- Professionalism --- Bioethics --- Pharmacy Audit --- Audit, Pharmacy --- Pharmacy Audits --- Retrospective Moral Judgment --- Treatment Refusal --- Mental Competency --- Disclosure --- Therapeutic Misconception --- Behavior Control --- Mandatory Programs --- Informed Consent By Minors --- Health Resources --- Patient Selection --- First Aid --- Traumatology --- Human Rights Abuses --- Gift Giving --- Self Concept --- Professional Autonomy --- Defamation --- Lawyers --- HIV Seronegativity --- Censorship, Research --- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes --- HIV-1 --- AIDS Arteritis, Central Nervous System --- Workers' Compensation --- Professional ethics --- Nursing ethics --- Social medicine --- Commitment of Mentally Ill --- Community Health --- Health, Community --- Preventive Medicine --- Education, Public Health Professional --- XMRV Infection --- Xenotropic MuLV-related Virus Infection --- Xenotropic Murine Leukemia Virus-related Virus Infection --- Infection, XMRV --- Infections, XMRV --- XMRV Infections --- Xenotropic MuLV related Virus Infection --- Xenotropic Murine Leukemia Virus related Virus Infection --- Venereology --- Reproductive Tract Infections --- Occupations --- Friends --- Emotional Intelligence --- Family Practice --- Environmental Pollutants --- Planning Techniques --- Power (Psychology) --- Social Conformity --- Pharmacy Philosophy --- Pharmacy Philosophies --- Philosophies, Pharmacy --- Philosophy, Pharmacy --- Psychologic Processes --- Psychological Processes --- Phenomena, Psychological --- Processes, Psychologic --- Processes, Psychological --- Psychological Phenomenas --- Psychological Processe --- Healthcare Workers --- Healthcare Worker --- Patient Advocacy --- Truth Disclosure --- Bioethical Issues --- Pharmacist-Patient Relations --- Pharmacist Patient Relations --- Pharmacist-Patient Relation --- Relation, Pharmacist-Patient --- Relations, Pharmacist-Patient --- Teach-Back Communication --- Psychology, Perceptual --- Perceptual Psychology --- Collective Human Rights --- Linguistic Rights --- Right to Housing and Shelter --- Rights of Indigenous Peoples --- Human Rights, Collective --- Indigenous Peoples Rights --- Rights, Collective Human --- Rights, Linguistic --- Freedom of Religion --- Religious Freedom --- Right to Movement --- Freedom, Religious --- Freedoms, Religious --- Movement, Right to --- Movements, Right to --- Religion Freedom --- Religion Freedoms --- Religious Freedoms --- Right to Movements --- to Movement, Right --- to Movements, Right --- Affirmative Action --- Action, Affirmative --- Immune System Disorders --- Disorder, Immune System --- Immune System Disorder --- Employee --- Employees --- Personnel --- Worker --- Workers --- Power, Psychological --- Access To Medicines --- Access to Contraception --- Access to Health Services --- Access to Medications --- Access to Therapy --- Access to Treatment --- Contraception Access --- Contraceptive Access --- Medication Access --- Access To Medicine --- Access to Contraceptions --- Access to Medication --- Access to Therapies --- Access to Treatments --- Access, Contraception --- Access, Contraceptive --- Access, Medication --- Contraception, Access to --- Contraceptive Accesses --- Medication Accesses --- Medication, Access to --- Therapy, Access to --- Treatment, Access to --- Prosocial Behavior --- Behavior, Prosocial --- Behaviors, Prosocial --- Prosocial Behaviors --- HIV Testing --- AIDS Serodiagnosis --- Social Relationships --- Relationship, Social --- Relationships, Social --- Social Relationship --- Behavior And Behavior Mechanism --- Social Inequalities --- Social Inequality --- Inequalities, Social --- Inequality, Social --- Sociality --- Health Care Professionals --- Health Care Professional --- Professional, Health Care --- Health Care Economics --- Health Economics --- Healthcare Economics --- Care Economic, Health --- Economic, Health --- Economic, Health Care --- Economic, Healthcare --- Economics, Health Care --- Health Care Economic --- Health Economic --- Healthcare Economic --- Access To Care, Health --- Access to Care --- Access to Medicines --- Access to Cares --- Access to Medicine --- Care, Access to --- Cares, Access to --- Medicine, Access to --- Medicines, Access to --- Disease. --- Delivery of Health Care. --- Health Care Facilities Workforce and Services.