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Dans un contexte de crise de la biodiversité, les scientifiques montrent un intérêt de plus en plus 
grandissant pour l’écologie urbaine. Les revêtements urbains, théoriquement considérés comme 
imperméables à la biodiversité, se sont révélés favorables à la nidification de plusieurs espèces 
d’insectes. Des observations récentes ont notamment permis de mettre en évidence la présence 
de Formicidae sous les revêtements piétons de la Région de Bruxelles-Capitale (Belgique). 
Ce travail a pour objectif de déterminer d’une part la localisation et la diversité des Formicidae 
présents sous les revêtements piétons de la Région de Bruxelles-Capitale et d’autre part de 
caractériser les sites d’échantillonnage d’un point de vue écologique et édaphique, pour ensuite 
mettre en relation ces caractéristiques avec les espèces recensées. Les données obtenues 
compléteront les résultats du projet Streetbees mené en 2020 en collaboration avec Bruxelles 
Environnement. Le but de ce projet était de proposer une clause technique pour l’aménagement 
de revêtements urbains adaptés à la nidification d’abeilles sauvages terricoles. 
Les données ont été récoltées de manière opportuniste dans la Région de Bruxelles-Capitale et
120 sites ont été échantillonnés dans 17 communes. Sur chaque site, des spécimens ont été 
prélevés pour permettre leur identification et ensuite pouvoir établir une collection. Les tumuli 
au-dessus des fourmilières ont été récoltés pour réaliser des analyses granulométriques et des 
données relatives à l’environnement proche ont été encodées sur le terrain et à partir de cartes. 
Au total, sept espèces ont été identifiées dont quatre qui, à notre connaissance, n’ont encore 
jamais été mentionnées dans la littérature concernant la biodiversité des trottoirs. Ces 
recensements viendront compléter la base de données Formidabel pour la région de Bruxelles-Capitale. L’analyse environnementale a permis de mettre en évidence des préférences en termes de végétation, de température et d’humidité selon les espèces. Concernant plus spécifiquement les revêtements, les analyses granulométriques ont révélé des sous-couches constituées majoritairement de sables. De plus, les nids ont été retrouvés principalement sous des revêtements modulaires avec des joints rigides dégradés. Les résultats de ce travail mettent en évidence la capacité des aménagements urbains à accueillir une part de biodiversité mais elle met également en lumière la difficulté de combiner à la fois les exigences écologiques et sociétales. In a context of biodiversity crisis, scientists are showing an increasing interest in urban ecology. 
Urban pavements, theoretically considered as impervious to biodiversity, seem to be favorable 
to the nesting of several species of insects. Recent observations have revealed the presence of 
Formicidae under pavements in the Brussels-Capital Region (Belgium).
The aim of this work is to determine the location and diversity of Formicidae nesting under the 
pavements of the Brussels-Capital Region and to characterize the sampling sites from an 
ecological and soil point of view, in order to relate these characteristics to the identified species. 
The data will complete the results obtained during the Streetbees project conducted in 2020 in 
collaboration with Brussels Environment. The aim of this project was to propose a technical 
clause for the development of urban pavements adapted to the nesting of wild bees. 
Data were collected opportunistically in Brussels-Capital and 120 sites were sampled in 17 
municipalities. At each site, specimens were captured to allow their identification and then to 
establish a collection. The mounds above the anthills were collected for granulometric analysis 
and data on the surrounding environment were encoded in the field and from maps. 
In all, seven species were identified and four of which, to our knowledge, have never been 
mentioned in the literature concerning the biodiversity of pavements. These data will complete 
the Formidabel database for the Brussels-Capital Region. The environmental analysis 
highlighted preferences for the percentage of vegetation, the temperature and the humidity 
depending on the species. Concerning the pavements, the granulometric analyses revealed sub-layers made up mainly of sand. In addition, nests were found mainly under modular pavements 
with degraded rigid joints. 
The results of this work highlight the capacity of urban construction to accommodate a share 
of biodiversity but it also shows the difficulty of combining both ecological and societal requirements.

Ecologie urbaine --- Formicidae --- Trottoirs --- Bruxelles --- Nidification --- Urban ecology --- Formicidae --- Pavements --- Brussels --- Nesting --- Sciences du vivant > Sciences de l'environnement & écologie

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Birds are the most consistently inventive builders, and their nests set the bar for functional design in nature. Avian Architecture describes how birds design, engineer, and build their nests, deconstructing all types of nests found around the world using architectural blueprints and detailed descriptions of the construction processes and engineering techniques birds use. This spectacularly illustrated book features 300 full-color images and more than 35 case studies that profile key species worldwide. Each chapter covers a different type of nest, from tunnel nests and mound nests to floating nests, hanging nests, woven nests, and even multiple-nest avian cities. Other kinds of avian construction--such as bowers and harvest wells--are also featured. Avian Architecture includes intricate step-by-step sequences, visual spreads on nest-building materials and methods, and insightful commentary by a leading expert. Illustrates how birds around the world design, engineer, and build their nests Features architectural blueprints, step-by-step sequences, visual spreads on nest-building materials and methods, and expert commentary Includes 300 full-color images Covers more than 100 bird species worldwide

Birds. --- Birds - Behavior. --- Birds -- Behavior. --- Birds - Nests. --- Birds -- Nests -- Pictorial works. --- Birds -- Nests. --- Nest building. --- Birds --- Nest building --- Zoology --- Health & Biological Sciences --- Vertebrates --- Nests --- Behavior --- Acorn woodpecker. --- American flamingo. --- American robin. --- Arctic tern. --- Baltimore oriole. --- Barn swallow. --- Bee-eater. --- Bird nest. --- Bird. --- Black wheatear. --- Bowerbird. --- Breeding pair. --- Brood (honey bee). --- Burrowing owl. --- Carrion crow. --- Case study. --- Columbidae. --- Common chaffinch. --- Common eider. --- Common tailorbird. --- Common wood pigeon. --- Corvidae. --- Courtship. --- Cowbird. --- Edible bird's nest. --- Edible-nest swiftlet. --- Editing. --- Egg as food. --- Eurasian bittern. --- European bee-eater. --- European robin. --- Ficus. --- Firewood. --- Fledge. --- Flight feather. --- Food storage. --- Galliformes. --- Goose. --- Grackle. --- Granary. --- Great tit. --- Hamerkop. --- Hanging (meat). --- Honeyeater. --- Hornbill. --- Horned coot. --- House sparrow. --- Hummingbird. --- Icterid. --- Illustration. --- Infestation. --- Insect. --- Killdeer. --- Leaf warbler. --- Lyrebird. --- Magpie goose. --- Magpie-lark. --- Malleefowl. --- Mammal. --- Mangrove. --- Mating. --- Megapode. --- Monk parakeet. --- Nest box. --- Nest. --- Old World warbler. --- Opuntia. --- Oropendola. --- Ovenbird (family). --- Parakeet. --- Parasitism. --- Passerine. --- Plumage. --- Precocial. --- Predation. --- Rainforest. --- Ruby-throated hummingbird. --- Sapsucker. --- Satin bowerbird. --- Shrub. --- Song thrush. --- Songbird. --- Sparrow. --- Spider silk. --- Spider web. --- Stork. --- Swiftlet. --- Tailorbird. --- Tit (bird). --- Tooth-billed bowerbird. --- Trogon. --- Vegetation. --- Vogelkop bowerbird. --- Wader. --- Warbler. --- Western rock nuthatch. --- White stork. --- Winter wren. --- Wood warbler. --- Woodpecker. --- Building, Nest --- Building nests --- Construction, Nest --- Nest construction --- Nesting (Animal behavior) --- Nesting behavior --- Nidification --- Animal behavior --- Aves --- Avian fauna --- Avifauna --- Wild birds --- Amniotes --- Ornithology --- Construction --- Eggs and nests --- Nests. --- Behavior.