Listing 1 - 10 of 307 | << page >> |
Sort by
|
Choose an application
Choose an application
Creatine (Cr) transporter deficiency (CCDS1) is a very rare and severe condition due to impaired energetic metabolism. In this work we showed for the first time the following facts: this diseases is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder in which a set of maladaptive compensatory mechanisms leads to a progressive damage of brain functions; cell energy metabolism and mitochondria seem strongly involved in the pathogenesis and they could represent useful potential targets for therapeutic interventions; inflammation seems to play an important part in this progressive damage, and this observation can pave the way to treatment strategies; neural circuits disruption involving inhibitory systems could give a huge contribute to many of the clinical aspects observed in patients, as epilepsy and cognitive impairment, since the excitatory/inhibitory balance is fundamental for the normal function of neural circuits. Factors outside the CNS are important in the pathogenesis of at least some aspects of the disorder, since the conditional KO model show difference in the timing of onset of some cognitive defects and in the presence of stereotypies.
Choose an application
Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) are a heterogeneous group of complex diseases characterized by neuronal loss and progressive degeneration of different areas of the nervous system. NDs represent a significant health problem worldwide, with an increasing incidence rate. Although the exact pathogenesis of NDs remains unclear, a complex interaction among genetic, epigenetic, and environmental factors has been proposed. To date, no effective therapeutics have been developed to slow, halt, or prevent any NDs. Thus, information on the molecular mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of NDs is strongly sought after. This Special Issue collected papers discussing advances in the field of NDs.
Choose an application
Choose an application
Friedreich ataxia is a neurological, degenerative, rare and hereditary disease. About 250 persons in Belgium are affected.
The disease characteristics are progressive neurological disorder, a hypertrophie cardiomyopathy and a high risk of diabetes. Communication capacities are compromised by the difficulty of articulation. ln sorne cases, a loss of sight by atrophy of the optical nerve and a loss ofhearing by neurosensory deafness aggravate the clinical picture even more. The first symptoms appear around puberty but the beginning of the disease can vary from childhood until adulthood. Generally, after 10 - 15 years, patients need a whee1chair and help for everyday activities because of the progressive loss of movement coordination and balance.
Now, we know that the ongm of this disease is a deficit in frataxin. This one is a mitochondrial protein which is encoded by a gene assigned to chromosome 9. ln most cases the mutation in Friedreich ataxia is the result of expansion of a GAA triplet in the gene first intron.
The function of frataxin becomes clearer: it could be involved in the iron metabolism. Frataxin deficiency leads to disturbances in iron-sulfur clusters biogenesis and to iron accumulation in mitochondria. This clearly leads to production of free radicals which are very toxic compounds for cells. The nerves membrane and the muscles are particularly affected. lndeed, the cellular tissues the functions of which depend on the mitochondrial activity, will be the most affected by the deficit in frataxin.
As for main neurodegenerative diseases, there is, at the moment, no treatment able to stop Friedreich ataxia progress ... However, patient care is necessary because it allows improving quality of life and life expectancy. It includes kinesitherapy, logopedy, occupational therapy, treatment of cardiac complications and diabetes.
The answer to patients and their family suffering can only come from research. Several treatments are now being studied in clinical trials: - administration of idebenone which is an antioxydant, showed an improvement of some patients cardiac function. The situation is less clear as far as neurological effects are concerned.
- pioglitazone could stimulate mitochondrial function by activating PP AR-gamma receptors. It would allow induction of mitochondrial enzymes and particularly super-oxides dismutases.
- inhibitors of histone deacetylases (HDACi) and EPO increase the rates of frataxin in in vitro studies. So that therapeutic opportunities for patients are expected.
- deferiprone is an iron chelator. It eliminates iron which accumulates III the cerebellum.
Research progresses and in the future, we can hope frataxin direct administration as well as cellular therapy and genie therapy development. This would open new opportunities to stop the disease L'ataxie de Friedreich est une maladie neurologique, évolutive, rare et d'origine génétique. Elle touche environ 250 personnes en Belgique.
Cette maladie est caractérisée par une atteinte neurologique progressive, par une cardiomyopathie hypertrophique et par un risque élevé de diabète sucré. Les capacités de communication sont compromises par la difficulté à articuler (dysarthrie). Dans certains cas, une perte de la vue par atrophie du nerf optique et une perte de l'ouïe par surdité neurosensorielle aggravent encore plus le tableau clinique. Les premiers symptômes apparaissent chez les enfants mais le début de la maladie peut être très variable à partir de l'enfance jusqu'à l'âge adulte. Généralement, après 10 à 15 ans, les patients atteints doivent utiliser un fauteuil roulant et une aide pour toutes les activités de la vie quotidienne à cause de la perte progressive de la coordination des mouvements et de l'équilibre.
On sait aujourd'hui que l'origine de cette maladie est un déficit en frataxine. Celle-ci est une protéine mitochondriale dont le gène se situe sur le chromosome 9. La mutation en cause chez la majorité des patients est l'expansion d'une séquence répétée de triplets GAA dans le premier intron du gène. Le rôle de la frataxine se précise : elle serait impliquée dans le métabolisme du fer. En son absence, on observe des perturbations dans la synthèse des noyaux fer-soufre ainsi qu'une accumulation de fer dans la mitochondrie. Tout cela entraîne la production de radicaux libres, composés très toxiques pour les cellules. La membrane des nerfs ainsi que les muscles sont particulièrement touchés. Ce sont en effet les cellules des tissus dont les fonctions dépendent particulièrement de l'activité mitochondriale qui seront les plus atteintes par le déficit en frataxine.
Comme pour la plupart des maladies neurodégénératives, il n'y a actuellement aucun traitement capable d'arrêter la progression de l'ataxie de Friedreich ... La prise en charge du malade est cependant indispensable car elle permet d'améliorer la qualité et la durée de vie. Celle-ci comprend la kinésithérapie, la logopédie, l'ergothérapie, le traitement des complications cardiaques et du diabète.
La réponse à la souffrance des malades et de leur famille ne peut venir que de la recherche. Plusieurs traitements sont actuellement à l'étude en phase clinique :
- l'administration d'idébénone, un antioxydant, a montré une amélioration de la fonction cardiaque chez les patients. La situation est moins claire quant aux effets neurologiques.
- la pioglitazone pourrait stimuler la fonction mitochondriale en activant les récepteurs PP AR-gamma. Cela permettrait l'induction de nombreuses enzymes mitochondriales dont les super-oxydes dismutases.
- les inhibiteurs d'histone déacétylases (HDACi) et l'EPO augmentent les taux de frataxine dans les études in vitro. Ceux-ci laissent entrevoir des opportunités thérapeutiques chez les patients.
- la défériprone est un chélateur du fer. Elle élimine le surplus de fer qui s'accumule au niveau du cervelet.
La recherche progresse à grand pas et pour l'avenir, on peut espérer l'administration directe de frataxine ainsi que le développement de la thérapie cellulaire et de la thérapie génique qui ouvriraient de nouvelles opportunités pour arrêter la maladie
Friedreich Ataxia --- frataxin --- Neurodegenerative Diseases
Choose an application
Nervous system --- Neurodegenerative Diseases. --- Degeneration.
Choose an application
Aging --- Neurodegenerative Diseases --- Alzheimer Disease --- Memory Disorders
Choose an application
This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact
neurodegenerative diseases --- aging --- biomarkers --- bioimage analysis --- comorbidities
Choose an application
This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact
neuroinflammation --- neurodegenerative diseases --- microglia --- cytokines --- therapeutic targets
Choose an application
Multiple Sclerosis --- Sclérose en plaques. --- Système nerveux --- Multiple Sclerosis. --- Neurodegenerative Diseases --- Dégénérescence. --- Maladies neurodégénératives. --- Neurodegenerative Diseases.
Listing 1 - 10 of 307 | << page >> |
Sort by
|