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In May 1995, neurologist Curt Freed began a dramatic experiment by attempting to treat sufferers of Parkinson's disease by grafting human stem cells into their brains. This book tells the story of this experiment. In May 1995, neurologist Curt Freed began one of the most dramatic experiments in the history of medicine - the attempt to treat sufferers of Parkinson's disease by grafting human stem cells into their brains. Of the 40 patients who volunteered for Freed's new treatment, half underwent authentic surgery. The other half, who had received placebo surgery, felt their last hope dissolve into bitter frustration, but the hardest road lay ahead for those who had been given the highly experimental procedure. This book captures the emotional events that unfolded in the months afterward as Freed, his researchers, and their courageous, desperate patients awaited the outcome and witnessed a moral debate unfolding across the nation over embryonic stem cell medicine. Would the brain regenerate itself or reject the new cells? This pioneering team was willing to take perilous risks to find out.

Cellular therapy --- Neural stem cells --- Parkinson's disease --- Treatment

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Demyelinating diseases are characterized by an extensive loss of oligodendrocytes and myelin sheaths from axolemma, which commonly result in disability in young adults. To date, there is no effective treatment against these neurological disorders. In the adult brain, there are neural stem cells (NSCs) that reside within a niche denominated ventricular-subventricular zone (V-SVZ) in the lateral wall of the cerebral ventricles. NSCs give rise to neurons and oligodendrocytes that help preserve cellular homeostasis. Growing evidence indicates that V-SVZ progenitor cells may represent an endogenous source of oligodendrocytes that can be useful to treat demyelinating diseases. This e-Book collected the most recent evidence regarding the mechanisms that modulate the proliferation, migration, quiescence, cell-fate choices and survival of oligodendrocyte precursors generated in the V-SVZ. Herein, we compiled information about the role of Sonic hedgehog, NMDA receptors, ErbB proteins, hemopressin, erythropoietin, osmolarity and microglia in the oligodendrocyte production. Some chapters also describe the role of oligodendrocyte precursors in the preservation of cellular homeostasis, aging and white matter repair. All these information is presented as novel research findings, short communications, and review articles, which were written by experts in the field of oligodendrocyte generation, myelin production and white matter re-myelinatio

Brain --- Neural stem cells. --- Aging. --- myelin --- oligodendrocyte precursor cell --- white matter --- demyelinating disease --- ventricular-subventricular zone --- neural regeneration --- oligodendrocyte --- axolemma --- Neural Stem Cells --- oligodendrogenesis --- remyelination

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Over the last decade, advances in neural stem cell research have raised the hope that one day cellular therapy will not only replace missing neurons, but also replenish absent chemical signals, metabolites, enzymes, neurotransmitters, or other missing or defective components from the diseased or injured brain. In Neural Stem Cells: Methods and Protocols, internationally recognized experts from academic, clinical, and pharmaceutical laboratories describe in great detail the most frequently used cellular, molecular, and electrophysiological methods to isolate, characterize, and utilize neural stem cells. These readily reproducible techniques introduce the various sources of stem/progenitor cells, provide a wide range of conditions for their culture, and make it possible to define their properties in culture. Additional techniques are designed to help researchers identify endogenous stem cells as well as exogenous stem cells after transplantation in the brain. The protocols range from the simplest methods of isolation and characterization of neural cell properties to such very sophisticated methods as characterizing gene expression, telomerase assays, and cell cycle kinetics. Each is written by an investigator who has used the method extensively, and includes step-by-step instructions, tips on avoiding pitfalls, and invaluable notes that make all the difference to successful experimental outcomes. Comprehensive and easy-to-follow, Neural Stem Cells: Methods and Protocols provides a powerful synthesis of today's key in vitro and in vivo techniques to identify and characterize neural stem cells for research and for developing experimental therapeutics.

Neurosciences. --- Neurobiology. --- Neurosciences --- Neural sciences --- Neurological sciences --- Neuroscience --- Medical sciences --- Nervous system --- Neural stem cells

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Cellular therapy --- Central nervous system --- Neural stem cells --- Diseases --- Treatment --- Transplantation

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Brain Diseases --- Stem Cell Transplantation. --- Brain --- Cellular therapy. --- Neural stem cells. --- Stem cells --- therapy. --- Diseases --- Treatment. --- Transplantation.