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The Role of Histone Deacetylases in Neurodegenerative Diseases and Small-Molecule Inhibitors as a Potential Therapeutic Approach.- Phosphodiesterase Inhibition to Target the Synaptic Dysfunction in Alzheimer’s Disease.- Glutamate and Neurodegenerative Disease.- Modulation of the Kynurenine Pathway for the Potential Treatment of Neurodegenerative Diseases.- Spinal Muscular Atrophy: Current Therapeutic Strategies.

Nervous system -- Degeneration. --- Nervous system -- Diseases -- Treatment. --- Nervous System Diseases --- Diseases --- Neurodegenerative Diseases --- Health & Biological Sciences --- Pharmacy, Therapeutics, & Pharmacology --- Nervous system --- Degeneration. --- Treatment. --- Degeneration, Nerve --- Nerve degeneration --- Nervous system degeneration --- Neurodegenerative disease --- Neurodegenerative diseases --- Neurodegenerative disorders --- Neuron degeneration --- Nissl degeneration --- Retrograde degeneration --- Wallerian degeneration --- Degeneration and regeneration --- Chemistry. --- Pharmacology. --- Medicinal chemistry. --- Neurology. --- Medicinal Chemistry. --- Pharmacology/Toxicology. --- Degeneration (Pathology) --- Biochemistry. --- Toxicology. --- Medicine --- Neuropsychiatry --- Biological chemistry --- Chemical composition of organisms --- Organisms --- Physiological chemistry --- Biology --- Chemistry --- Medical sciences --- Chemicals --- Pharmacology --- Poisoning --- Poisons --- Composition --- Toxicology --- Neurology . --- Drug effects --- Medical pharmacology --- Chemotherapy --- Drugs --- Pharmacy --- Chemistry, Medical and pharmaceutical --- Chemistry, Pharmaceutical --- Drug chemistry --- Medical chemistry --- Medicinal chemistry --- Pharmacochemistry --- Physiological effect

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The past two decades have seen a tremendous growth in knowledge related to cannabinoid receptor signaling in brain.  In addition, the impact and consequences of cannabinoid modulation of monoaminergic circuits is steadily emerging demonstrating a significant interaction between these two systems in a variety of psychiatric (affective disorders) and neurological disorders (multiple sclerosis, pain). Despite increasing evidence from preclinical data suggesting that therapeutic use of cannabinoid-based drugs may outweigh any potential risks in certain serious medical conditions, the debate surrounding its widespread utility continues as regulatory concerns preclude a smooth transition of promising preclinical studies into clinical trial testing. This may persist in the near future as state and federal governments debate over regulation of medicinal applications of cannabis. Applications for medicinal cannabinoids that are already under investigation include the treatment of nausea, anorexia, neurodegeneration, inflammation, excitotoxicity and pain. The appetitive and anti-emetic properties of cannabinoids have led to the approval of their use in chemotherapy and AIDS patients.  There is growing evidence for therapeutic cannabinoid effects on inflammatory and excitotoxic cellular processes that are linked to epilepsy, Parkinson’s disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, spasticity, and central nervous system injury. The chapters, herein, review and discuss current insights into the brain endocannabinoid system, cannabinoid receptor signaling on synaptic plasticity, potential therapeutic applications with a particular focus on endocannabinoid modulation of dopaminergic, noradrenergic and serotonergic circuitry. The potential for establishing cannabinoid-monoaminergic interactions as a novel target in the development of improved treatment strategies for psychiatric and neurological disorders is promising and will require future clinical studies to determine whether promising pre-clinical findings translate into new therapies.

Cannabinoids -- Therapeutic use. --- Medicine. --- Mental illness -- Treatment. --- Nervous system -- Diseases -- Treatment. --- Neurochemistry. --- Neurology. --- Neurosciences. --- Psychiatry. --- Cannabinoids --- Cannabis --- Diseases --- Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled --- Psychiatry and Psychology --- Therapeutics --- Neurotransmitter Agents --- Receptors, Cell Surface --- Molecular Mechanisms of Pharmacological Action --- Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment --- Pharmacologic Actions --- Membrane Proteins --- Chemical Actions and Uses --- Proteins --- Chemicals and Drugs --- Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins --- Mental Disorders --- Drug Therapy --- Endocannabinoids --- Nervous System Diseases --- Receptors, Cannabinoid --- Medicine --- Health & Biological Sciences --- Neurology --- Therapeutic use --- Psychopharmacology. --- Nervous system --- Therapeutic use. --- Treatment. --- Behavioral pharmacology --- Drugs --- Psychotropic effects --- Biomedicine. --- Chemotherapy --- Pharmacology --- Psychotropic drugs --- Hallucinogenic drugs --- Terpenes --- Biochemistry --- Neurosciences --- Neuropsychiatry --- Neural sciences --- Neurological sciences --- Neuroscience --- Medical sciences --- Medicine and psychology --- Mental health --- Psychology, Pathological --- Neurology .

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Optical coherence tomography (OCT) provides tissue morphology imagery at much higher resolution than other imaging modalities such as MRI or ultrasound, and the machines are comparatively cheaper. It is an easy technique to perform; is non-ionizing, and therefore safe. These benefits are driving a rapid transformation of OCT, from its principal application as a research tool, into an extension of the 'neurological examination' in routine office practice. Originally used in assessing the severity of tissue damage and prognosis of multiple sclerosis and various neuro-ophthalmic conditions, OCT is increasingly used in other neurological disorders such as Parkinson's disease, ALS, and Alzheimer's disease. This book is the first comprehensive review of the use of OCT in neurological diseases. The coverage includes a description of the technique and its utilization in a variety of neurologic conditions. Essential reading for neurologists, neuro-ophthalmologists, and neuroradiologists wanting an introductory account of the clinical applications of OCT.

Medicine. --- Nervous system diseases -- Diagnosis. --- Nervous system diseases -- Treatment. --- Tomography, Optical coherence. --- Diseases --- Tomography, Optical --- Tomography --- Diagnostic Imaging --- Diagnostic Techniques and Procedures --- Diagnosis --- Nervous System Diseases --- Tomography, Optical Coherence --- Medicine --- Health & Biological Sciences --- Neurology --- OCT Tomography --- Optical Coherence Tomography --- Coherence Tomography, Optical --- Tomography, OCT --- Nervous System Disorders --- Neurological Disorders --- Neurologic Disorders --- Disease, Nervous System --- Diseases, Nervous System --- Disorder, Nervous System --- Disorder, Neurologic --- Disorder, Neurological --- Disorders, Nervous System --- Disorders, Neurologic --- Disorders, Neurological --- Nervous System Disease --- Nervous System Disorder --- Neurologic Disorder --- Neurological Disorder --- Antemortem Diagnosis --- Diagnoses and Examinations --- Examinations and Diagnoses --- Postmortem Diagnosis --- Diagnose --- Antemortem Diagnoses --- Diagnoses --- Diagnoses, Antemortem --- Diagnoses, Postmortem --- Diagnosis, Antemortem --- Diagnosis, Postmortem --- Postmortem Diagnoses --- Disease --- Diagnostic Technics and Procedures --- Technics and Procedures, Diagnostic --- Techniques and Procedures, Diagnostic --- Diagnostic Testing --- Testing, Diagnostic --- Sensitivity and Specificity --- Imaging, Diagnostic --- Imaging, Medical --- Medical Imaging --- Radiologic and Imaging Nursing --- Image Processing, Computer-Assisted --- Tomographies --- Anatomy, Cross-Sectional --- Optical Tomography --- diagnosis --- methods --- Nervous system --- Central nervous system --- Diagnosis. --- Tomography. --- Nervous system, Central