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Between 1969 and 1980, Soviet archaeologists conducted excavations of Mesopotamian villages occupied from preagricultural times through the beginnings of early civilization. The results of their work were published primarily in Soviet journals and in the English-language journals Sumer and Iraq. This volume brings together translations of these Russian articles along with newly commissioned work to make the results of this research accessible for the first time to the Western world. In addition to eight articles available here for the first time in English, a concluding chapter by Norman Yoffee offers new insights on cultural interaction based on the research at hand. The research conducted by the Soviets helped transform our knowledge of the early post-Paleolithic prehistory of Mesopotamia. This volume marks an outstanding contribution to our understanding of the beginning of agriculture - and evolution of societies - in the ancient Near East

Neolithikum

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Becherkultur. --- Glockenbecherkultur. --- Neolithikum. --- Nordhessen.

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Excavations at Chalk Hill, Ramsgate in south-eastern Britain were primarily aimed at investigating the remains of a possible early Neolithic causewayed enclosure visible on aerial photographs. However, the monument could not in fact be categorised as a causewayed enclosure, but instead represented a type of early Neolithic ritual monument unique to the British Isles.00The earliest significant features recorded on the site dated to the early Neolithic (roughly 3700-3600 cal BC). They took the form of three concentric arcs of intercutting pit clusters forming discrete "segments", the fills of which produced rich assemblages of pottery, flintwork, animal bone and other material. Much of this material appeared to have been deliberately placed in the pits rather than representing casual disposal of refuse. There are indications that material placed in different pits at different times may have derived from the same source, a 'midden' or some such which was not located during the excavations. The pit clusters appeared to have resulted from repeated pit-digging in the same location over an extended period of time. The site therefore contributes a more nuanced understanding of the heterogeneity of monumental architecture in the early Neolithic of the British Isles.00This report is therefore critical for understanding the early Neolithisation of southern Britain, the relations between Neolithic incomers and indigenous Mesolithic hunter-gatherers, the potential creolisation of different cultural groups and cross-Channel relations in the early 4th Millennium BC. The site probably went out of use in around 3600 cal BC, and subsequent use of the landscape in the Bronze Age and later periods is evocative of the perception of "special places" in the landscape long after they were abandoned.

Ausgrabung. --- Bronzezeit. --- Funde. --- Neolithikum. --- Ramsgate.

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Neolithikum - Bronzezeit - Deutschland - Niederlande - Landwirtschaftsgeschichte - Benelux - Landwirtschaft - Archäologie.

Norddeutschland --- Pflug --- Bodenbearbeitung --- Bronzezeit --- Neolithikum --- Pflugspur --- Niederlande

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Methoden und Studium der Geschichte auf der Grundlage schriftlicher Quellen, Urkunden, Aufzeichnungen, Dokumente. --- Neolithikum. --- Schweiz.