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This book discusses psychological aspects of dehumanization and of the human tendency to dominate, control and potentially murder those considered "less than", or dangerous to the dominant group. It explores how increasingly severe dehumanization resulted in the genocide of six million Jews in the second World War.

Anti-semitism, Concentration camps, Judaic studies and World War II, Adolph Hitler. --- Dehumanization, Murder and genocide, Nazi era, Holocaust.

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Combining accessible prose with scholarly rigor, The Participants presents fascinating profiles of the all-too-human men who implemented some of the most inhuman acts in history. On 20 January 1942, fifteen senior German government officials attended a short meeting in Berlin to discuss the deportation and murder of the Jews of Nazi-occupied Europe. Despite lasting less than two hours, the Wannsee Conference is today understood as a signal episode in the history of the Holocaust, exemplifying the labor division and bureaucratization that made the “Final Solution” possible. Yet while the conference itself has been exhaustively researched, many of its attendees remain relatively obscure. From the introduction: Ten of the fifteen participants had been to university. Eight of them had even been awarded doctorates, although it should be pointed out that it was considerably easier to gain a doctorate in law or philosophy in the 1920s than it is today. Eight of them had studied law, which, then as now, was not uncommon in the top positions of public administration. Many first turned to radical politics as members of Freikorps or student fraternities. Three of the participants (Freisler, Klopfer and Lange) had studied in Jena. In the 1920s, the University of Jena was a fertile breeding ground for nationalist thinking. With dedicated Nazi, race researcher and later SS-Hauptsturmbannführer Karl Astel as rector, it developed into a model Nazi university. Race researcher Hans Günther also taught there. Others, such as Reinhard Heydrich, joined the SS because they had failed to launch careers elsewhere, and only became radical once they were members of the self-acclaimed Nazi elite order.

Holocaust, Jewish (1939-1945) --- War criminals --- Nazis --- Causes. --- Wannsee-Konferenz --- Germany --- Politics and government --- Eichmann. --- German history. --- Germany. --- Holocaust. --- Wannsee Conference. --- final solution. --- genocide. --- hitler. --- nazi era. --- nazi germany. --- nazi. --- second world war. --- third reich.

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The concept of the generation in today's German culture and literature, and its role in German identity. In the debates since 1945 on German history and culture, the concept of generations has become ever more prominent. Recent and ongoing shifts in how the various generations are seen -- and see themselves -- in relation to historyand to each other have taken on key importance in contemporary German cultural studies. The seismic events of twentieth-century German history are no longer solely first-generational lived experiences but are also historical moments seen through the eyes of successor generations. The generation, seen as a category of memory, thus holds a key to major shifts in German identity. The changing generational perspectives of German writers and filmmakers not onlyreflect but also influence these trends, exposing both the expected differences between generational views and unexpected continuities. Moreover, as younger artists reframe recent history, older generations like the 1968ers are also contributing to these shifts by reassessing their own experiences and cultural contributions. This volume of new essays applies current discourse on generations in German culture to contemporary works dealing with major sociohistorical events since the Nazi period. Contributors: Svea Bräunert, Laurel Cohen-Pfister, Friederike Eigler, Thomas C. Fox, Katharina Gerstenberger, Erin McGlothlin, Brad Prager, Ilka Rasch, Susanne Rinner, Caroline Schaumann, Maria Stehle, Reinhild Steingröver, Susanne Vees-Gulani. Laurel Cohen-Pfister is Associate Professor of German at Gettysburg College, and Susanne Vees-Gulani is Assistant Professor of German and Comparative Literature at Case Western Reserve University.

German literature --- Intergenerational relations --- Collective memory --- National characteristics, German, in literature. --- Mass media and culture --- Literature and history --- History and criticism. --- History and literature --- History and poetry --- Poetry and history --- History --- Culture and mass media --- Culture --- First World War. --- Generational Shifts. --- German culture. --- German identity. --- Nazi era. --- Nazi period. --- Postwar division. --- Socialhistorical events. --- Twentieth-century German history.

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Die Erwartungen an die Rentenpolitik der neuen Regierung waren nach der Machtübernahme der Nationalsozialisten am 30. Januar 1933 sehr hoch. Rentenempfänger wie Beitragszahler gingen nach den massiven Kürzungen der Notverordnungspolitik am Ende der Weimarer Republik von einer raschen Rücknahme der Maßnahmen sowie deutlichen Erhöhungen der niedrigen Renten aus. In der Folgezeit waren Rente und Alterssicherung ein zentrales Thema für die Debatten, Spannungen und Konfliktfelder in der entstehenden nationalsozialistischen "Volksgemeinschaft". Die Reichsversicherungsanstalt für Angestellte (RfA) als Versicherungsträger für die Angestellten stand mit im Zentrum dieser Entwicklung. Über die "Rentenwelt" der NS-Zeit, zumal in Bezug auf die Angestellten, d.h. über die Vielschichtigkeit des Verhältnisses von Versicherten und Versicherungsträger zum NS-Regime und seinen Funktionsträgern und Organisationen, allen voran der DAF, wissen wir jedoch trotz der ausgeprägten Forschung über Sozialpolitik im Nationalsozialismus noch relativ wenig. Mit der Studie wird auf der Basis erstmals erschlossener Quellen eine problemorientierte Behördengeschichte vorgelegt, die die Stellung der RfA im nationalsozialistischen Institutionengefüge zwischen 1933 und 1945 näher untersucht. Scant research attention has addressed the role, significance, and function of the RfA in the maintenance and reformulation of the retirement insurance system in the Nazi society transformed by the ideology of the Volksgemeinschaft. For the first time, based on primary sources, this book presents a problem-oriented administrative history that investigates the place of the RfA in the National Socialist institutional structure.

European history --- 20th century history: c 1900 to c 2000 --- Fascism & Nazism --- Pensions --- Old age pensions --- History --- Reichsversicherungsanstalt für Angestellte (Germany) --- Employees --- OASI (Old age and survivors insurance) --- Old age and survivors insurance --- Older people --- Retirement pensions --- Survivors' benefits (Old age pensions) --- Compensation --- Pension plans --- Superannuation --- Retirement income --- Annuities --- Social security individual investment accounts --- Vested benefits --- Germany. --- Bundesversicherungsanstalt für Angestellte --- Modern administrative and institutional history. --- employment history. --- pension insurance during the Nazi era. --- pension law development in the Nazi state.

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"Life writing," a genre classification increasingly accepted among scholars of literature and other disciplines, encompasses not just autobiography and biography, but also memoirs, diaries, letters, and interviews. Whether produced as events unfolded or long after the event, all forms of life writing are attempts by individuals to make sense of their experiences. In many such texts, the authors reassess their lives against the background of a broader public debate about the past. This book of essays examines German life writing after major turning points in twentieth-century German history: the First World War, the Nazi era, the postwar division of Germany, and the collapse of socialism and German unification. The volume is distinctive because it combines an overview of academic approaches to the study of life writing with a set of German-language case studies. In this respect it goes further than existing studies, which often present life-writing material without indicating how it might fit into our broader understanding of a particular culture or historical period.

Autobiography. --- German prose literature --- Literature and history --- History and criticism. --- History --- Germany --- In literature. --- History and literature --- History and poetry --- Poetry and history --- Autobiographies --- Autobiography --- Egodocuments --- Memoirs --- Biography as a literary form --- History and criticism --- Technique --- Alemania --- Ashkenaz --- BRD --- Bu̇gd Naĭramdakh German Uls --- Bundesrepublik Deutschland --- Deguo --- 德国 --- Deutsches Reich --- Deutschland --- Doitsu --- Doitsu Renpō Kyōwakoku --- Federal Republic of Germany --- Federalʹna Respublika Nimechchyny --- FRN --- Gėrman --- German Uls --- Герман Улс --- Germania --- Germanii︠a︡ --- Germanyah --- Gjermani --- Grossdeutsches Reich --- Jirmānīya --- KhBNGU --- Kholboony Bu̇gd Naĭramdakh German Uls --- Nimechchyna --- Repoblika Federalin'i Alemana --- República de Alemania --- República Federal de Alemania --- Republika Federal Alemmana --- Vācijā --- Veĭmarskai︠a︡ Respublika --- Weimar Republic --- Weimarer Republik --- ХБНГУ --- Германия --- جرمانيا --- ドイツ --- ドイツ連邦共和国 --- ドイツ レンポウ キョウワコク --- Germany (East) --- Germany (Territory under Allied occupation, 1945-1955) --- Germany (Territory under Allied occupation, 1945-1955 : British Zone) --- Germany (Territory under Allied occupation, 1945-1955 : French Zone) --- Germany (Territory under Allied occupation, 1945-1955 : Russian Zone) --- Germany (Territory under Allied occupation, 1945-1955 : U.S. Zone) --- Germany (West) --- Holy Roman Empire --- Academic approaches. --- Biography. --- Cultural studies. --- Diaries. --- Experiences. --- German Life Writing. --- German unification. --- Interviews. --- Letters. --- Memoirs. --- Nazi era. --- Postwar division. --- German authors.