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Pritchard's chief concern is to explain why Bourbon France, the richest and most poewerful state in Europe in the middle of the eighteenth century, failed to exercise its power at sea. Through a close examination of naval organization -- the secretaries of state for the navy, central bureaus, officers of the sword and pen, seamen, arsenals, workers, probems of shipbuilding, ordnance production and material acquisition, and finances -- he shows the navy as both an institution embedded in society and an instrument of government. The tensions arising from the contradiction between an institution composed of individuals who sought to advance their own and group interests and an instrument that existed to fulfil government ends were aggravated by an administation of men rather than norms. Pritchard traces many of the shortcomings of naval administratrion to the intensely personal bonds and idiosyncratic behaviour of the individuals who ran it. Many of Pritchards's conclusions run counter to the generallly accepted accounts of problems in the French navy during this period and to the usual view of Choiseul as the saviour of French maritime power. The first complete study of this period of French naval administration, Pritchard's work parallels Baugh's on the British navy.

Naval art and science --- Fighting --- Naval administration --- Naval science --- Naval warfare --- Navy --- War, Maritime --- War --- Military art and science --- Navies --- Navigation --- France. --- Organization --- History --- Management

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Marine engineering --- Naval art and science --- Marine engineering. --- Naval art and science. --- Fighting --- Naval administration --- Naval science --- Naval warfare --- Navy --- War, Maritime --- War --- Military art and science --- Navies --- Navigation --- Engineering, Marine --- Marine technology --- Naval engineering --- Engineering --- Naval architecture

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Naval art and science --- Naval art and science. --- United States. --- Fighting --- Naval administration --- Naval science --- Naval warfare --- Navy --- War, Maritime --- U.S. Navy --- War --- Military art and science --- Navies --- Navigation --- NAVAL SCIENCE. --- UNITED STATES.

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The central figure in the modernization of the U.S. Navy. The career of Washington Irving Chambers spans a formative period in the development of the United States Navy: He entered the Naval Academy in the doldrum years of obsolete, often rotting ships, and left after he had helped like-minded officers convince Congress and the public of the need to adopt a new naval strategy built around a fleet of technologically advanced battleships. He also laid the groundwork for naval aviation and the important role it would play in the modern navy. This work covers Chambers's e

Naval art and science --- Fighting --- Naval administration --- Naval science --- Naval warfare --- Navy --- War, Maritime --- War --- Military art and science --- Navies --- Navigation --- Technological innovations --- History --- Chambers, Washington Irving, --- Chambers, Washington Irving --- United States. --- U.S. Navy --- Officers

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Naval research --- Marine sciences --- Naval art and science --- Research --- Research, Industrial --- Fighting --- Naval administration --- Naval science --- Naval warfare --- Navy --- War, Maritime --- War --- Military art and science --- Navies --- Navigation --- Ocean sciences --- Aquatic sciences --- History --- United States. --- U.S. Navy --- Officers