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The idea that some aspects of language are 'natural', while others are arbitrary, artificial or derived, runs all through modern linguistics, from Chomsky's GB theory and Minimalist program and his concept of E- and I-language, to Greenberg's search for linguistic universals, Pinker's views on regular and irregular morphology and the brain, and the markedness-based constraints of Optimality Theory. This book traces the heritage of this linguistic naturalism back to its locus classicus, Plato's dialogue Cratylus. The first half of the book is a detailed examination of the linguistic arguments in the Cratylus. The second half follows three of the dialogue's naturalistic themes through subsequent linguistic history - natural grammar and conventional words, from Aristotle to Pinker; natural dialect and artificial language, from Varro to Chomsky; and invisible hierarchies, from Jakobson to Optimality Theory - in search of a way forward beyond these seductive yet spurious and limiting dichotomies.

Language and languages --- Naturalness (Linguistics) --- Philosophy. --- Plato. --- Langage et langues --- Naturalité (Linguistique) --- Philosophy --- Philosophie --- Historical linguistics --- Plato --- Natural class (Linguistics) --- Linguistics --- Langage --- Philosophie du langage --- Platon (0427?-0348? av. j.-c.) --- Platon (0427?-0348? av. j.-c.). cratyle --- Signe (linguistique)

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Natural Morphology is the term the four authors of this monograph agreed on to cover the leitmotifs of their common and individual approaches in questions of theoretical morphology. The introduction summarizes the basic concepts and strategies of Natural Morphology, to be followed by Mayerthaler who deals with universal properties of inflectional morphology, and Wurzel with typological ones which depend on language specific properties of inflectional systems, and Dressler with universal and typological properties of word formation. The final chapter by Panagl is an indepth study of diachronic

801.55 --- Grammar, Comparative and general --- -Naturalness (Linguistics) --- Natural class (Linguistics) --- Linguistics --- Comparative grammar --- Grammar --- Grammar, Philosophical --- Grammar, Universal --- Language and languages --- Philosophical grammar --- Philology --- 801.55 Morfologie--(taalkunde) --- Morfologie--(taalkunde) --- Morphology --- Grammar, Comparative --- Naturalness (Linguistics). --- Morphology. --- Naturalness (Linguistics) --- Morphologie (Linguistique) --- Naturalité (Linguistique) --- Morphology (Linguistics) --- Grammar, Comparative and general Morphology

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The study describes a detailed and original piece of research work, investigating a very important genre of human communication, and that is conversation. It provides a definition of the genre of conversation by describing nine features of conversation, namely multiple sources, discourse coherence, language as doing, co-operation, unfolding, open-endedness, artifacts, inexplicitness and shared responsibility. These nine features of naturalness in conversation serve to distinguish conversation from specialized discourse types. The study illustrates the nine defining features of conversation with authentic conversational data collected surreptitiously in England. While this study is of native speakers of English, the nine defining features of naturalness of English conversation are applicable to conversations conducted in other languages.

Conversation analysis. --- Discourse analysis. --- Naturalness (Linguistics) --- Natural class (Linguistics) --- Linguistics --- Discourse grammar --- Text grammar --- Semantics --- Semiotics --- Analysis of conversation --- CA (Interpersonal communication) --- Conversational analysis --- Oral communication --- Conversation analysis --- Discourse analysis --- Analyse de la conversation --- Analyse du discours --- Naturalité (Linguistique) --- Pragmatics --- Naturalness (Linguistics).