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Comment, du petit animal qu’il est quand il naît, l’être humain devient-il un être capable de suivre des règles ? C’est à ce paradoxe que s’intéresse ce livre. Écartant les tentatives contemporaines de réduire l’être humain à sa biologie aussi bien que celles qui en font une exception au sein du monde animal, Anne Le Goff nous invite à penser l’être humain comme un animal, un animal dont la vie se trouve dans le langage et les normes. C’est d’abord en revenant à l’analyse aristotélicienne de la vertu qu’on peut donner sens à l’idée d’animal moral et rationnel. Le tout est de comprendre qu’il n’y a pas là, comme il pourrait y sembler dans les termes contemporains, de contradiction. En suivant Wittgenstein, en discussion critique avec John McDowell et à la lumière de travaux d’éthologie, l’ouvrage s’attache à montrer en quel sens suivre des règles fait partie de notre nature. La vie morale n’est pas l’existence d’un être sorti hors de la nature mais celle d’un animal dont la vie est de part en part traversée par le langage et les normes.

Man --- Naturalism --- Animal nature --- Philosophy --- Homme --- Naturalisme (philosophie) --- Animalité. --- Man - Animal nature --- Naturalism - Philosophy

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In the early twentieth century, Uchiyama Gudō, Seno’o Girō, Lin Qiuwu, and others advocated a Buddhism that was radical in two respects. Firstly, they adopted a more or less naturalist stance with respect to Buddhist doctrine and related matters, rejecting karma or other supernatural beliefs. And secondly, they held political and economic views that were radically anti-hegemonic, anti-capitalist, and revolutionary. Taking the idea of such a “radical Buddhism” seriously, A Buddha Land in This World: Philosophy, Utopia, and Radical Buddhism asks whether it is possible to develop a philosophy that is simultaneously naturalist, anti-capitalist, Buddhist, and consistent. Rather than a study of radical Buddhism, then, this book is an attempt to radicalize it.The foundations of this “radicalized radical Buddhism” are provided by a realist interpretation of Yogācāra, elucidated and elaborated with some help from thinkers in the broader Tiantai/Tendai tradition and American philosophers Donald Davidson and W.V.O. Quine. A key implication of this foundation is that only this world and only this life are real, from which it follows that if Buddhism aims to alleviate suffering, it has to do so in this world and in this life. Twentieth-century radical Buddhists (as well as some engaged Buddhists) came to a similar conclusion, often expressed in their aim to realize “a Buddha land in this world.”Building on this foundation, but also on Mahāyāna moral philosophy, this book argues for an ethics and social philosophy based on a definition of evil as that what is or should be expected to cause death or suffering. On that ground, capitalism should be rejected indeed, but utopianism must be treated with caution as well, which raises questions about what it means – from a radicalized radical Buddhist perspective – to aim for a Buddha land in this world.

Ethics & moral philosophy --- Buddhism --- anti-capitalism;Buddhism;ethics;naturalism;philosophy;pragmatism;utopianism;Yogācāra

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History of philosophy --- Hume, David --- Filosofisch naturalisme --- Naturalism --- Naturalism (Philosophy) --- Naturalism [Philosophical ] --- Naturalisme --- Naturalisme (Filosofie) --- Naturalisme (Philosophie) --- Naturalisme [Filosofisch ] --- Naturalisme philosophique --- Philosophical naturalism --- Naturalism. --- Contributions in naturalism --- Hume, David, --- Materialism --- Mechanism (Philosophy) --- Philosophy --- Positivism --- Science

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Philosophical anthropology --- Naturalism. --- Realism. --- Filosofisch naturalisme --- Naturalism --- Naturalism (Philosophy) --- Naturalism [Philosophical ] --- Naturalisme --- Naturalisme (Filosofie) --- Naturalisme (Philosophie) --- Naturalisme [Filosofisch ] --- Naturalisme philosophique --- Philosophical naturalism --- Realism --- Realisme --- Realisme (Filosofie) --- Réalisme --- Réalisme (Philosophie) --- Empiricism --- Philosophy --- Universals (Philosophy) --- Conceptualism --- Dualism --- Idealism --- Materialism --- Nominalism --- Positivism --- Rationalism --- Mechanism (Philosophy) --- Science

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Consciousness --- Naturalism --- Bewustzijn --- Cogito --- Conscience (Psychophysiologie et philosophie) --- Filosofisch naturalisme --- Naturalism (Philosophy) --- Naturalism [Philosophical ] --- Naturalisme --- Naturalisme (Filosofie) --- Naturalisme (Philosophie) --- Naturalisme [Filosofisch ] --- Naturalisme philosophique --- Philosophical naturalism --- Cognitive psychology --- Philosophical anthropology --- Theory of knowledge --- Materialism --- Mechanism (Philosophy) --- Philosophy --- Positivism --- Science --- Apperception --- Mind and body --- Perception --- Psychology --- Spirit --- Self