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Comme pour les conférences précédentes, Principes et éthique 1996 (Dalloz), l'Eau, 1998 (Dalloz), les Ressources marines 2000 (Dalloz), le Littoral 2002 (Bruylant), les Déchets 2004 (Bruylant), ces actes présentent et évaluent les analyses théoriques et les expériences concrètes pour lesquelles les droits de propriété ou d'usage ainsi que les instruments économiques peuvent jouer un rôle positif en matière de gestion durable des ressources foncières. La maîtrise foncière environnementale pour l'essentiel s'appuie sur la généralisation à l'ensemble du territoire des outils réglementaires qui ont traditionnellement pour objet d'organiser l'espace urbain. Périmètre d'urbanisation, puis ultérieurement le zonage se sont efforcés de guider, sinon entériner, la croissance urbaine au prix de multiples révisions. Depuis moins d'un demi siècle on entend maîtriser à des fins esthétiques et / ou environnementales l'ensemble de l'espace, en recourant aux mêmes outils. Les documents d'urbanisme (terme révélateur) aboutissent alors à bouleverser les valeurs foncières au gré des décisions des pouvoirs publics : aux servitudes d'urbanisme se substituent les " servitudes environnementales ", nouvelle catégorie, juridiquement virtuelle, dont la nature, les objectifs et les conséquences sont radicalement différentes. Emergent alors de nouveaux problèmes tels que " l'expropriation réglementaire ", l'indemnisation des contraintes environnementales, la substitution de la contractualisation à la réglementation, la spécificité du " zonage écologique ", la gestion privée, les conservatoires d'espaces, la prise en compte du long terme, le recours à de nouvelles formes d'appropriation (servitudes conventionnelles, propriété en commun, gestion patrimoniale...). La conférence a donc eu pour objectifs : d'évaluer les avantages et les inconvénients des pratiques actuelles, y compris leurs effets pervers (dont la corruption) au regard de la transparence et des coûts ; d'imaginer les institutions alternatives permettant de combiner efficacité environnementale et respect des principes constitutionnels dont le droit de propriété et la liberté sont des éléments fondamentaux ; de voir dans quelle mesure les instruments économiques utilisés de plus en plus pour l'air, l'eau, les ressources halieutiques... peuvent être mis en œuvre pour les ressources foncières ; de mobiliser et responsabiliser les millions de propriétaires fonciers au regard des objectifs environnementaux. Si les droits de propriété sont au cœur du développement économique (Hernando De Soto), ils sont aussi, sous des formes à inventer, la clé de la gestion environnementale et de la liberté. Cet ouvrage, fruit de la VI ème Conférence Internationale d'Aix en Provence (26, 27 et 28 juin 2006) réunit les 63 communications de personnalités de 12 différents pays, de formation et d'horizons très divers : économistes, juristes, avocats, hauts fonctionnaires, responsables politiques, promoteurs, membres de think tanks...
Environmental law --- International law --- Natural resources --- Environmental protection --- Law and legislation --- Environnement --- Ressources naturelles --- Protection --- Droit --- Forests and forestry --- Economic aspects --- Congresses --- Environmental aspects --- Juridical aspects --- National resources --- Resources, Natural --- Resource-based communities --- Resource curse --- Natural resources - Europe - Congresses --- Natural resources - Law and legislation - Europe - Congresses --- Natural resources - France - Congresses --- Natural resources - Law and legislation - France - Congresses --- Natural resources - Congresses --- Environmental protection - Congresses --- DROIT INTERNATIONAL PUBLIC --- DEVELOPPEMENT DURABLE --- ENVIRONNEMENT --- ASPECT ECONOMIQUE
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504.5 <4-15> --- 553.3/.9 --- 551.1/.4 --- 504 --- 614.87 --- 502.55 --- Lithospheric environment--West-Europa --- Ore and other mineral deposits. Natural resources --- General geology --- Environment. Environmental science --- Exposure to ambient influences. Environmental hazards. Personal protection and safety --- Pollution, contamination danger. Protection against pollution --- 502.55 Pollution, contamination danger. Protection against pollution --- 614.87 Exposure to ambient influences. Environmental hazards. Personal protection and safety --- 504 Environment. Environmental science --- 551.1/.4 General geology --- 553.3/.9 Ore and other mineral deposits. Natural resources --- 504.5 <4-15> Lithospheric environment--West-Europa --- Environmental geology --- Geology --- Natural resources --- National resources --- Resources, Natural --- Resource-based communities --- Resource curse --- Geoecology --- Environmental protection --- Physical geology --- Economic aspects --- Europe --- Environmental geology - Europe. --- Geology - Europe. --- Natural resources - Europe.
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One of the main objectives of nature conservation in Europe is to protect valuable cultural landscapes characterized by a mixture of open habitats and hedges, trees and patchy woodland (semi-open landscapes).The development of these landscapes during the past decades has been characterized by an ongoing intensification of land use on the one hand, and an increasing number of former meadows and pastures becoming fallow as a result of changing economic conditions on the other hand. Since species adapted to open and semi-open landscapes contribute to biodiversity in Europe in a major way, this development is of great concern to nature conservation. In several countries largescale, nature-adapted pastoral systems have been recognized as one solution to this problem. These systems could offer an alternative to industrial livestock raising and keep a high biodiversity on the landscape level. Against the background of livestock diseases such as BSE and Foot and Mouth Disease and the efforts to reform the Common Agricultural Policy in the EU by changing the criteria for agricultural subsidies, these concepts gain particular significance.They could also represent an alternative to the established, costly habitat management tools.
Conservation of natural resources -- Europe. --- Grazing -- Environmental aspects -- Europe. --- Grazing --- Conservation of natural resources --- Biodiversity --- Farms, Large --- Animal Sciences --- Geology - General --- Geology --- Agriculture --- Earth & Environmental Sciences --- Environmental aspects --- Large farms --- Biological diversification --- Biological diversity --- Biotic diversity --- Diversification, Biological --- Diversity, Biological --- Conservation of resources --- Natural resources --- Natural resources conservation --- Resources conservation, Natural --- Conservation --- Environment. --- Geobiology. --- Geography. --- Applied ecology. --- Landscape ecology. --- Geoecology. --- Environmental geology. --- Geoecology/Natural Processes. --- Biogeosciences. --- Geography, general. --- Applied Ecology. --- Landscape Ecology. --- Biology --- Biocomplexity --- Ecological heterogeneity --- Numbers of species --- Environmental protection --- Natural resources conservation areas --- Agricultural systems --- Animal feeding --- Range management --- Pastures --- Rangelands --- Farms, Size of --- Ecology. --- Ecology --- Nature conservation --- Cosmography --- Earth sciences --- World history --- Balance of nature --- Bionomics --- Ecological processes --- Ecological science --- Ecological sciences --- Environment --- Environmental biology --- Oecology --- Environmental sciences --- Population biology --- Biosphere --- Geoecology --- Physical geology
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Environmental protection. Environmental technology --- European Union --- Environmental policy --- 351.777 <4> --- 351.777 <4> Wetgeving, reglementering i.v.m. milieubeheer, milieuhygiene, verontreiniging. Milieurecht. Milieuhygienerecht--zie ook {?502/504}; {?613/614}; {628}--Europa --- Wetgeving, reglementering i.v.m. milieubeheer, milieuhygiene, verontreiniging. Milieurecht. Milieuhygienerecht--zie ook {?502/504}; {?613/614}; {628}--Europa --- #SBIB:316.334.5U34 --- #SBIB:327.7H231 --- 711.025 --- 711.025 Planologie: milieubeheer --- Planologie: milieubeheer --- Sociologie van stad en platteland: milieuproblematiek --- Europese Unie: sociaal-economisch beleid, landbouw-, milieu-, cultuur- en communicatiebeleid --- Environnement --- Politique gouvernementale --- European Economic Community --- European Union countries --- Environmental policy - European Economic Community countries. --- Liability for environmental damages --- United States --- Biodiversity --- Conservation of natural resources --- International cooperation --- Conservation des ressources naturelles --- Biodiversité --- Congresses --- Congrès --- Coopération internationale --- Environmental law --- Environmental law, International --- Environnement (Droit international) --- Antarctica --- Droit --- Europe --- Biological diversity --- Environmental policy - International cooperation - Congresses. --- Conservation of natural resources - Europe - Congresses. --- Biodiversity - Europe - Congresses. --- 502.34 --- 502.7 <4> --- 574.472 --- 574.472 Biodiversity --- 502.34 Social, administrative, legislative measures on nature conservation --- Social, administrative, legislative measures on nature conservation --- Conservation of resources --- Natural resources --- Natural resources conservation --- Resources conservation, Natural --- Environmental protection --- Natural resources conservation areas --- Biological diversification --- Biotic diversity --- Diversification, Biological --- Diversity, Biological --- Biology --- Biocomplexity --- Ecological heterogeneity --- Numbers of species --- Protection of animate nature. Wildlife conservation and protection--Europe --- Conservation --- 351.777 EU --- #A9809A --- 351.777 EU Wetgeving, reglementering i.v.m. milieubeheer, milieuhygiene, verontreiniging. Milieurecht. Milieuhygienerecht--zie ook {?502/504}; {?613/614}; {628}--EU --- Wetgeving, reglementering i.v.m. milieubeheer, milieuhygiene, verontreiniging. Milieurecht. Milieuhygienerecht--zie ook {?502/504}; {?613/614}; {628}--EU --- Antartique --- --Droit --- --Environmental law --- 502.3 <4> --- 502.33 --- 502.33 Nature in relation to planning and development --- Nature in relation to planning and development --- Nature and society. Nature conservation and protection in general--Europa --- Environmental law - Antarctica - Congresses --- Conservation of natural resources - Law and legislation - Antarctica - Congresses --- Environmental law, International - Congresses
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