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Book
L'apport du Natalizumab dans le traitement de la sclérose en plaques
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Year: 2013 Publisher: Bruxelles: UCL,

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Abstract

Natalizumab (NTZ) is a humanized monoclonal antibody which is being used as a second-line treatment for news cases of relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS). This immunoglobulin targets the integrin α4β1 which can be found on the surface of all lymphocytes. Integrin α4β1 plays an important role in lymphocyte adhesion on vascular endothelium. In MS, lesions occur when activated T cells cross the BBB. This specific cell migration involves interaction between aforementioned adhesion molecules and vascular endothelial receptors. Those interactions are blocked by the NTZ resulting in a decrease of the inflammatory process. Thus, cerebral inflammatory activity in MS patients is significantly reduced. This thesis aims to evaluate the contribution of NTZ in treating RRMS patients. Two major Phase III studies were lead in order to evaluate its effectiveness: AFFIRM 2006 and SENTINEL 2006. With this treatment, annual rate of relapse has been reduced on average by 60%. Number of active lesions, enhanced with contrast on MRI, has been reduced by more than 90% (38,3 % more compared with contrast on MRI, has been reduced. Le natalizumab (NTZ) est un anticorps monoclonal humanisé proposé actuellement en seconde intention dans le traitement de la sclérose en plaques récurrente-rémittente (SEPRR). L’antigène reconnu par le NTZ est l’intégrine α4β1.Elle se trouve à la surface de tous les lymphocytes où elle joue un rôle important dans leur adhésion à l’endothélium vasculaire. Dans la SEP, des lésions apparaissent lorsque les lymphocytes T activés traversent la BHE. Cette migration lymphocytaire implique l’interaction entre ces intégrines et les récepteurs endothéliaux vasculaires. Les interactions que le NTZ bloque sont donc à la base du processus inflammatoire. Ainsi, l’activité inflammatoire cérébrale du patient de SEP, diminue significativement. Ce mémoire vise à évaluer l’apport du NTZ dans le traitement de la SEPRR. Deux études de phase III majeures évaluent son efficacité : les études AFFIRM 2006 et SENTINEL 2006. Avec ce traitement, le taux de rechute annuel a été diminué en moyenne de 60% et le nombre de lésions prenant le contraste à l’IRM a été réduit de plus de 90% (soit 38,3% de plus que le groupe traité par placebo). Sur le plan de qualité de vie, après seulement trois perfusions de NTZ, 88% des malades ont rapporté un progrès quant à leurs possibilités d’effectuer des tâches quotidiennes et une diminution de l’impact de la SEP sur leurs fonctions cognitives et leur fatigue. En Europe, le statut de thérapeutique de seconde ligne du NTZ est basé sur le risque de leuco encéphalopathie multifocale progressive, une infection rare mais qui peut s’avérer fatale. Son incidence pourrait être réduite par une meilleure sélection des patients en début de traitement. Il devrait être suggéré que le NTZ devienne un traitement de première intention adéquat pour les patients nouvellement diagnostiqués avec une SEPRR fortement active et qui sont anti-virus JC négatifs.


Book
Fatigue in multiple sclerosis
Authors: --- ---
ISBN: 9782889197637 Year: 2016 Publisher: Frontiers Media SA

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Abstract

If you are engaged in the treatment of patients with MS (pwMS), this e-book’s aim is to offer novel insights to improve on an understanding of one of the major problems of pwMS: fatigue. Although there is increasing research into fatigue and its impact on MS, this collection of ten articles supports a better understanding of fatigue in MS patients. It explores pathophysiological concepts, provoking mechanisms, objective measurements, personality interactions, pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions and summarizes clinical management. It is written by neurologists, psychologists, scientists and therapists and addresses this group of people, who deal with pwMS in private, clinical, rehabilitation or scientific settings. Its aim is to communicate high-quality information, knowledge and experience on MS to healthcare professionals, while providing global support for the international MS community.


Book
Pharmacoeconomic Review Report : Ocrelizumab (Ocrevus) (Hoffmann-La Roche Limited)
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Year: 2017 Publisher: Calgary, AB, CA: Canadian Agency for Drugs and Technologies in Health,

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Ocrelizumab (Ocrevus) is a recombinant humanized monoclonal antibody that selectively targets and depletes CD20-expressing B-cells, which are thought to contribute to the inflammatory and neurodegenerative pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS). Ocrelizumab is indicated for the treatment of adult patients with relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS), and was previously reviewed by CADTH. The CADTH Canadian Drug Expert Committee recommended that ocrelizumab be listed for RRMS based on the condition of a price reduction of at least 50%. This submission relates to an application to Health Canada for an indication relating to the treatment of adult patients with primary progressive multiple sclerosis (PPMS) to delay disease progression and reduce deterioration in walking speed.


Book
Personalized Diagnosis and Therapy for Multiple Sclerosis
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ISBN: 3036552561 3036552553 Year: 2022 Publisher: MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute

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We all agree that people with MS need to be cared in a profoundly personalized way. The care of the patient with MS is still based on the presence of relapses, so their successful diagnosis and treatment is fundamental and will condition the therapeutic strategies to follow with the patient. The treatment strategies are a highly controversial topic of debate that is increasingly supported by robust objective biological markers of response and that also increasingly take into account the dynamics and predictors of cognitive impairment along the disease course, which includes the adoption of new trends in the field of machine learning techniques. However, we all know that patient care goes beyond being treated with drugs and we cannot overlook reminding patients of the importance of their lifestyle behaviors that vary according to the MS phenotype, in order to improve their quality of life. Teleconsultation is a new care strategy proved to be feasible and well-received by patients with MS that will undoubtedly become reinforced because it will allow a closer follow-up of the patient without the need for displacement.

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