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Cancer has become the scourge of the twentieth century. It was always part of the human condition, but until recently it was not a common cause of death because most people died from the infectious diseases. Now that so many of us will live long enough to develop cancer, we need to learn as much about it as we can. This requires some understanding of molecular biology. John Cairns has made significant contributions to cancer research, molecular biology, and virology. He believes that it is possible to explain what is known about cancer and about molecular biology in terms that are easily understood by people with little or no scientific training. In this fascinating book, he explores the revolution in public health, the origins and principles of molecular biology, and our emerging understanding of the causes of cancer. Finally, he discusses how these developments are likely to affect future generations. As Cairns points out, the last two hundred years have altered our life expectations beyond all recognition. Even in the less developed nations of the world, people are starting to believe that everyone ought to be able to live into old age and be protected from the major causes of premature death. This change in our expectations is one of the major benefits of technology and the biological sciences. But the resulting explosion in the human population ultimately threatens everything we have gained by scientific progress.

Cancer. --- Life (Biology) --- Molecular biology. --- Ephrussi, Boris. --- Frederick the Great. --- Hodgkin’s disease. --- Jefferson, Thomas. --- Jenner, Edward. --- Koch, Robert. --- Lacks, Henrietta. --- Nirenberg, Marshall. --- Pap smears. --- Pauling, Linus. --- adenovirus oncogenes. --- alkaptonuria. --- allostery. --- antibiotics. --- base-pairing in DNA. --- blender experiment. --- blood-letting. --- brain development. --- catalysis. --- causality. --- chromatography. --- clinical trials. --- contact inhibition. --- dating by radio-isotopes. --- demographic transition. --- differentiation. --- exons. --- feathers. --- fossils and evolution. --- gap junctions. --- genetic code. --- genetic engineering. --- genetic maps. --- greenhouse effect. --- hemoglobin. --- homeotic genes. --- in vitro tranformation. --- keratin. --- life on earth, origin of. --- macromolecules. --- macroparasitism. --- malignant melanoma. --- melanocyte migration. --- mobile genetic elements. --- nasopharyngeal cancer. --- nucleic acid hybridization. --- oncogenes. --- operators. --- ovarian cancer. --- penicillin production. --- pheromones. --- probability. --- promoters.

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Medicinal plants are used to treat diseases and provide health benefits, and their applications are increasing around the world. A huge array of phytochemicals have been identified from medicinal plants, belonging to carotenoids, flavonoids, lignans, and phenolic acids, and so on, with a wide range of biological activities. In order to explore our knowledge of phytochemicals with the assistance of modern molecular tools and high-throughput technologies, this book collects recent innovative original research and review articles on subtopics of mechanistic insights into bioactivities, treatment of diseases, profiling, extraction and identification, and biotechnology.

Medicine --- network pharmacology --- traditional herbal medicine --- methodological trend --- polysaccharide fraction --- Trichoderma atroviride --- Salvia miltiorrhiza --- proteomics --- tanshinones --- Flos Chrysanthemi indici --- essential oil --- extraction method --- chemical composition --- biological activity --- Garcinia linii --- hypoglycemia --- benzopyran --- triterpene --- bioflavonoid --- phenolic --- in silico --- neurodegenerative diseases --- naringenin --- pharmacological targets --- signaling pathways --- molecular mechanisms --- drug delivery systems --- luteolin --- hyphenated techniques --- chromatography --- colorectal cancer --- diterpenes --- inflammatory bowel diseases --- Polyalthia longifolia --- herbal medicine --- DESs --- preparative-scale purification --- flavonoids --- 20-hydroxyecdysone --- Chenopodium quinoa --- Zinc oxide nanoparticles --- anticancer --- antileishmanial --- antimicrobial --- biocompatibility --- cancer --- apoptosis --- herbs --- cell lines --- in vivo --- quercetin --- polyphenols --- Alzheimer's disease --- mechanistic insights --- clinical directions --- isodon genus --- ent-kaurane diterpenoids --- natural compounds --- pathways --- medicinal plants --- bioactive compounds --- 4-hydroxynonenal --- deleterious effects --- Asiatic acid --- nasopharyngeal cancer --- cisplatin resistance --- MAPK pathway --- Anthocyanin --- Solanum nigrum L. --- flavonoid biosynthesis --- AtPAP1 --- licochalcone D --- non-small cell lung cancer --- reactive oxygen species --- Acorus gramineusand --- Euodia ruticarpa --- pro-/anti-inflammatory cytokines --- steam distillation essential oil --- Th1/Th2 cytokines --- lignans --- Trachelospermum asiaticum --- GNPS --- targeted isolation --- Rheum undulatum --- Glycyrriza uralensis --- hepatic encephalopathy --- MMP-9 --- neuroinflammation --- luteolin-7-O-glucoside --- oral cancer --- migration --- invasion --- MMP-2 --- Astragalus mongholicus --- ultraviolet-B radiation --- phenolics --- untargeted gas chromatography-mass spectrometry --- targeted liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry --- Bacopa monnieri --- cheminformatics --- neurological diseases --- spinocerebellar ataxia --- system pharmacology --- (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) --- bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) --- catethin --- fracture healing --- local use --- cardiovascular diseases --- inflammation --- lipid metabolism --- non-coding RNA --- oxidative stress --- phenolic compounds --- Peucedanum ostruthium --- Apiaceae --- ELINA --- HetCA, STOCSY --- coumarines --- NF-ĸB --- VCAM-1 --- E-selectin --- Withaferin A --- matrix metalloproteinases --- antioxidant signaling --- Curcuma aromatica --- sesquiterpene --- anti-inflammatory --- luciferase assay --- cytotoxicity --- network pharmacology --- traditional herbal medicine --- methodological trend --- polysaccharide fraction --- Trichoderma atroviride --- Salvia miltiorrhiza --- proteomics --- tanshinones --- Flos Chrysanthemi indici --- essential oil --- extraction method --- chemical composition --- biological activity --- Garcinia linii --- hypoglycemia --- benzopyran --- triterpene --- bioflavonoid --- phenolic --- in silico --- neurodegenerative diseases --- naringenin --- pharmacological targets --- signaling pathways --- molecular mechanisms --- drug delivery systems --- luteolin --- hyphenated techniques --- chromatography --- colorectal cancer --- diterpenes --- inflammatory bowel diseases --- Polyalthia longifolia --- herbal medicine --- DESs --- preparative-scale purification --- flavonoids --- 20-hydroxyecdysone --- Chenopodium quinoa --- Zinc oxide nanoparticles --- anticancer --- antileishmanial --- antimicrobial --- biocompatibility --- cancer --- apoptosis --- herbs --- cell lines --- in vivo --- quercetin --- polyphenols --- Alzheimer's disease --- mechanistic insights --- clinical directions --- isodon genus --- ent-kaurane diterpenoids --- natural compounds --- pathways --- medicinal plants --- bioactive compounds --- 4-hydroxynonenal --- deleterious effects --- Asiatic acid --- nasopharyngeal cancer --- cisplatin resistance --- MAPK pathway --- Anthocyanin --- Solanum nigrum L. --- flavonoid biosynthesis --- AtPAP1 --- licochalcone D --- non-small cell lung cancer --- reactive oxygen species --- Acorus gramineusand --- Euodia ruticarpa --- pro-/anti-inflammatory cytokines --- steam distillation essential oil --- Th1/Th2 cytokines --- lignans --- Trachelospermum asiaticum --- GNPS --- targeted isolation --- Rheum undulatum --- Glycyrriza uralensis --- hepatic encephalopathy --- MMP-9 --- neuroinflammation --- luteolin-7-O-glucoside --- oral cancer --- migration --- invasion --- MMP-2 --- Astragalus mongholicus --- ultraviolet-B radiation --- phenolics --- untargeted gas chromatography-mass spectrometry --- targeted liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry --- Bacopa monnieri --- cheminformatics --- neurological diseases --- spinocerebellar ataxia --- system pharmacology --- (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) --- bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) --- catethin --- fracture healing --- local use --- cardiovascular diseases --- inflammation --- lipid metabolism --- non-coding RNA --- oxidative stress --- phenolic compounds --- Peucedanum ostruthium --- Apiaceae --- ELINA --- HetCA, STOCSY --- coumarines --- NF-ĸB --- VCAM-1 --- E-selectin --- Withaferin A --- matrix metalloproteinases --- antioxidant signaling --- Curcuma aromatica --- sesquiterpene --- anti-inflammatory --- luciferase assay --- cytotoxicity

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Medicinal plants are used to treat diseases and provide health benefits, and their applications are increasing around the world. A huge array of phytochemicals have been identified from medicinal plants, belonging to carotenoids, flavonoids, lignans, and phenolic acids, and so on, with a wide range of biological activities. In order to explore our knowledge of phytochemicals with the assistance of modern molecular tools and high-throughput technologies, this book collects recent innovative original research and review articles on subtopics of mechanistic insights into bioactivities, treatment of diseases, profiling, extraction and identification, and biotechnology.

Medicine --- network pharmacology --- traditional herbal medicine --- methodological trend --- polysaccharide fraction --- Trichoderma atroviride --- Salvia miltiorrhiza --- proteomics --- tanshinones --- Flos Chrysanthemi indici --- essential oil --- extraction method --- chemical composition --- biological activity --- Garcinia linii --- hypoglycemia --- benzopyran --- triterpene --- bioflavonoid --- phenolic --- in silico --- neurodegenerative diseases --- naringenin --- pharmacological targets --- signaling pathways --- molecular mechanisms --- drug delivery systems --- luteolin --- hyphenated techniques --- chromatography --- colorectal cancer --- diterpenes --- inflammatory bowel diseases --- Polyalthia longifolia --- herbal medicine --- DESs --- preparative-scale purification --- flavonoids --- 20-hydroxyecdysone --- Chenopodium quinoa --- Zinc oxide nanoparticles --- anticancer --- antileishmanial --- antimicrobial --- biocompatibility --- cancer --- apoptosis --- herbs --- cell lines --- in vivo --- quercetin --- polyphenols --- Alzheimer’s disease --- mechanistic insights --- clinical directions --- isodon genus --- ent-kaurane diterpenoids --- natural compounds --- pathways --- medicinal plants --- bioactive compounds --- 4-hydroxynonenal --- deleterious effects --- Asiatic acid --- nasopharyngeal cancer --- cisplatin resistance --- MAPK pathway --- Anthocyanin --- Solanum nigrum L. --- flavonoid biosynthesis --- AtPAP1 --- licochalcone D --- non-small cell lung cancer --- reactive oxygen species --- Acorus gramineusand --- Euodia ruticarpa --- pro-/anti-inflammatory cytokines --- steam distillation essential oil --- Th1/Th2 cytokines --- lignans --- Trachelospermum asiaticum --- GNPS --- targeted isolation --- Rheum undulatum --- Glycyrriza uralensis --- hepatic encephalopathy --- MMP-9 --- neuroinflammation --- luteolin-7-O-glucoside --- oral cancer --- migration --- invasion --- MMP-2 --- Astragalus mongholicus --- ultraviolet-B radiation --- phenolics --- untargeted gas chromatography-mass spectrometry --- targeted liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry --- Bacopa monnieri --- cheminformatics --- neurological diseases --- spinocerebellar ataxia --- system pharmacology --- (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) --- bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) --- catethin --- fracture healing --- local use --- cardiovascular diseases --- inflammation --- lipid metabolism --- non-coding RNA --- oxidative stress --- phenolic compounds --- Peucedanum ostruthium --- Apiaceae --- ELINA --- HetCA, STOCSY --- coumarines --- NF-ĸB --- VCAM-1 --- E-selectin --- Withaferin A --- matrix metalloproteinases --- antioxidant signaling --- Curcuma aromatica --- sesquiterpene --- anti-inflammatory --- luciferase assay --- cytotoxicity --- n/a --- Alzheimer's disease

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Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms --- Pharyngeal Neoplasms --- Nasopharyngeal Diseases --- Pharyngeal Diseases --- Otorhinolaryngologic Neoplasms --- Head and Neck Neoplasms --- Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases --- Stomatognathic Diseases --- Diseases --- Neoplasms by Site --- Neoplasms --- Benign Neoplasms --- Malignancy --- Malignant Neoplasms --- Neoplasia --- Neoplasm --- Neoplasms, Benign --- Cancer --- Tumors --- Benign Neoplasm --- Cancers --- Malignancies --- Malignant Neoplasm --- Neoplasias --- Neoplasm, Benign --- Neoplasm, Malignant --- Neoplasms, Malignant --- Tumor --- Medical Oncology --- Neoplasms by Sites --- Site, Neoplasm --- Sites, Neoplasm --- Neoplasm Site --- Neoplasm Sites --- Mouth and Tooth Diseases --- Dental Diseases --- Dental Disease --- Disease, Dental --- Disease, Stomatognathic --- Diseases, Dental --- Diseases, Stomatognathic --- Stomatognathic Disease --- ENT Diseases --- Otolaryngological Diseases --- Otorhinolaryngologic Disease --- Otorhinolaryngological Disease --- Otolaryngologic Diseases --- Disease, ENT --- Disease, Otolaryngologic --- Disease, Otolaryngological --- Disease, Otorhinolaryngologic --- Disease, Otorhinolaryngological --- Diseases, ENT --- Diseases, Otolaryngologic --- Diseases, Otolaryngological --- Diseases, Otorhinolaryngologic --- Diseases, Otorhinolaryngological --- ENT Disease --- Otolaryngologic Disease --- Otolaryngological Disease --- Otorhinolaryngological Diseases --- Otolaryngology --- Cancer of Head --- Cancer of Neck --- Cancer of the Head --- Cancer of the Head and Neck --- Cancer of the Neck --- Head Neoplasms --- Head, Neck Neoplasms --- Neoplasms, Head --- Neoplasms, Head and Neck --- Neoplasms, Neck --- UADT Neoplasms --- Cancer of Head and Neck --- Head Cancer --- Head Neoplasm --- Head and Neck Cancer --- Head and Neck Neoplasm --- Neck Cancer --- Neck Neoplasm --- Neck Neoplasms --- Neoplasms, Upper Aerodigestive Tract --- UADT Neoplasm --- Upper Aerodigestive Tract Neoplasm --- Upper Aerodigestive Tract Neoplasms --- Cancer, Head --- Cancer, Neck --- Cancers, Head --- Cancers, Neck --- Head Cancers --- Neck Cancers --- Neoplasm, Head --- Neoplasm, Neck --- Neoplasm, UADT --- Neoplasms, UADT --- Neoplasms, Otorhinolaryngologic --- Neoplasms, Otorhinolaryngological --- Ootorhinolaryngeal Neoplasms --- Otorhinolaryngeal Cancer --- Otorhinolaryngologic Neoplasm --- Otorhinolaryngological Neoplasms --- Cancer, Otorhinolaryngeal --- Cancers, Otorhinolaryngeal --- Neoplasm, Ootorhinolaryngeal --- Neoplasm, Otorhinolaryngologic --- Neoplasm, Otorhinolaryngological --- Neoplasms, Ootorhinolaryngeal --- Ootorhinolaryngeal Neoplasm --- Otorhinolaryngeal Cancers --- Otorhinolaryngological Neoplasm --- Diseases of Pharynx --- Pharynx Diseases --- Disease, Pharyngeal --- Disease, Pharynx --- Diseases, Pharyngeal --- Diseases, Pharynx --- Pharyngeal Disease --- Pharynx Disease --- Diseases of Nasopharynx --- Disease, Nasopharyngeal --- Diseases, Nasopharyngeal --- Nasopharyngeal Disease --- Nasopharynx Disease --- Nasopharynx Diseases --- Cancer of the Pharynx --- Neoplasms, Pharyngeal --- Neoplasms, Pharynx --- Pharnyx Cancer --- Pharynx Neoplasms --- Cancer of Pharynx --- Pharyngeal Cancer --- Cancer, Pharnyx --- Cancer, Pharyngeal --- Cancers, Pharnyx --- Cancers, Pharyngeal --- Neoplasm, Pharyngeal --- Neoplasm, Pharynx --- Pharnyx Cancers --- Pharyngeal Cancers --- Pharyngeal Neoplasm --- Pharynx Cancer --- Pharynx Cancers --- Pharynx Neoplasm --- Cancer of the Nasopharynx --- Nasopharynx Cancer --- Nasopharynx Neoplasms --- Neoplasms, Nasopharyngeal --- Cancer of Nasopharynx --- Nasopharyngeal Cancer --- Cancer, Nasopharyngeal --- Cancer, Nasopharynx --- Cancers, Nasopharyngeal --- Cancers, Nasopharynx --- Nasopharyngeal Cancers --- Nasopharyngeal Neoplasm --- Nasopharynx Cancers --- Nasopharynx Neoplasm --- Neoplasm, Nasopharyngeal --- Neoplasm, Nasopharynx --- Neoplasms, Nasopharynx --- Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms. --- Pharyngeal Neoplasms. --- Nasopharyngeal Diseases. --- Pharyngeal Diseases. --- Otorhinolaryngologic Neoplasms. --- Head and Neck Neoplasms. --- Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases. --- Stomatognathic Diseases. --- Disease. --- Neoplasms by Site. --- Neoplasms.