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Le dogme de la biologie a souvent considéré l’ARN comme un intermédiaire entre l’information génétique contenue dans l’ADN et la protéine qui assure les fonctions biologiques d’un organisme. Cependant, des études ont démontré que 70 % du génome des eucaryotes sont transcrits en ARNs mais seulement 2 % de ces transcrits sont traduits en protéines. Cette observation indique que 98 % des ARNs transcrits ne sont pas traduits en protéines et sont ainsi nommés ARNs non-codants (ARNsnc). Ces derniers sont impliqués dans la régulation de nombreux processus biologiques, alors que leur dérégulation est associée à diverses pathologies. La majorité de ces transcrits adoptent une structure 3D complexe pour accomplir leur fonction biologique et sont ainsi nommés ARNs structurés (ARNsst). Cependant, à l’heure actuelle, très peu d’ARNsst ont été caractérisés ce qui reflète la complexité de ces molécules ainsi que le manque d’outils actuellement disponibles pour les étudier. Dans ce contexte, le développement de nanobodies (nbs : fragments d’anticorps de camélidés) dirigés contre ces ARNsst vise à faciliter l’étude structurale et fonctionnelle de ces derniers. Préalablement à mon arrivée, une librairie synthétique de nbs a été générée et criblée par phage display contre un ARN qui consistait en la fusion de deux ARNsst d’intérêt : i) BC1 : un ARNst exprimé dans les neurones et dont la structure est inconnue; ii) le ribozyme glmS (ribglms) : un ARNst catalytique dont l’activité est caractérisée et facilement mesurable. L’intérêt d’une telle fusion est d’attester du bon repliement de l’ARN grâce à l’activité catalytique du ribozyme. Dans la cadre de mon travail de fin d’étude, nous nous sommes focalisés sur la production, la purification et la caractérisation d’un des nbs sélectionnés lors du criblage de la librairie contre l’ARN fusion BC1-ribglmS. Par interférométrie laser, nous avons démontré que ce nb lie la partie BC1 de l’ARN fusion avec une forte affinité (de l’ordre du nM). Des mesures d’affinité réalisées en présence d’EDTA (qui déstabilise la structure 3D de l’ARN par chélation des ions Mg2+) ont permis de déduire que ce nb interagit avec un élément de structure secondaire de l’ARNst. Les résultats obtenus lors de l’étude de la spécificité du nb, indiquent qu’il est spécifique de l’ARNst car il ne lie pas l’ARNsb, l’ARNdb, l’ADNsb, l’ADNdb ou la BSA. Néanmoins, une interaction entre le nb et différents ARNsst, autres que BC1, a été observée. Nous supposons que ce nb reconnaît donc un/des élément(s) de structure(s) secondaire(s) communs aux différents ARNsst. Par des expériences de dichroïsme circulaire, nous avons démontré que la liaison du nb à l’ARN modifie son comportement de dénaturation et renaturation thermique. Enfin, nous avons également mis en évidence que la liaison du nb à l’ARN fusion est associée à une certaine protection de ce dernier vis-à-vis de la dénaturation chimique par traitement au Diméthyl Sulfoxide (DMSO). En conclusion, les résultats obtenus dans le cadre de ce travail valident l’approche expérimentale d’obtention de nbs dirigés contre l’ARNst même si leur spécificité reste à optimiser.
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Ce mémoire caractérise par des techniques de modélisation l'inhibition des b-lactamases TEM-1 et TEM-121 par un nanobody. L'aspect structural de cette inhibition est investigué par docking moléculaire et l'aspect dynamique, par modélisation dynamique.
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La maladie de Parkinson (MP) appartient à une classe de pathologies neurodégénératives, appelées α-synucléinopathies. Elles seraient liées à l’agrégation de l’α-synucléine (aSyn) dans certaines régions du système nerveux central.1 Le diagnostic clinique de la MP permet l’instauration d’un traitement symptomatique généralement tardif. Cependant, ce diagnostic clinique est erroné dans 25% des cas.6,9 Ce mémoire s’inscrit au sein du projet « DiaSyn » qui vise à développer un radiotraceur des agrégats d’aSyn intracellulaire dans le parenchyme cérébral. Ce radiotraceur permettra de poser un diagnostic de certitude non invasif de la MP par l’utilisation d’une neuro-imagerie. Une sonde moléculaire spécifique des agrégats d’aSyn faisant intervenir un nanobody (Nb) a été produite préalablement. Des études préliminaires ex vivo ont démontré que ce Nb était capable de traverser la barrière hématoencéphalique (BHE), de diffuser à travers le parenchyme cérébral, et de pénétrer les cellules nerveuses afin d'interagir avec les agrégats d’aSyn. Néanmoins, le PET (Positon emission tomography) réalisé après une injection intraveineuse (IV) du Nb-18F-Tétrazine dans la queue de souris modèle de la MP, n’a montré aucun signal dans le parenchyme cérébral. Diverses hypothèses peuvent être émises pour expliquer ce résultat. D’une part, la quantité de Nb traversant la BHE serait insuffisante du fait d'une clairance rénale élevée (T1/2 plasmatique = 10 à 30min). D’autre part, il se peut que la quantité d’agrégats d’aSyn présente au sein du parenchyme cérébral lors de la réalisation du PET soit insuffisante pour permettre leur détection par PET. Il faudrait donc corréler l’intensité du signal PET avec la quantité d’agrégats d’aSyn présente dans les neurones, et la quantité de Nb passant la BHE. La mise au point d’un protocole de quantification de l’aSyn agrégée phosphorylée et du Nb sera donc envisagée durant ce mémoire, en utilisant le BLI-ELISA « sandwich ». Pour ce faire, des nanobodies spécifiques de l’aSyn agrégée phosphorylée (pS129) devront être générés et produits au sein d’une banque de phage-Nb immune, nommé Tournesol. Six phages-Nb spécifiques de l’aSyn-pS129 ont permis de produire les Nbs dans E.coli, nommés NbSynIP. Les résultats préliminaires de la caractérisation de ces NbSynIP montre que seule 2 Nbs interagissent avec l’aSyn. La poursuite de la caractérisation des NbSynIP et la mise au point du protocole de quantification de l’aSyn agrégée seront envisagés dans la partie « perspectives ».
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Nanobodies have become outstanding tools for biomedical research, diagnostics and therapy. Recent advances in the identification and functionalization of target-specific nanobodies now make nanobody-based approaches broadly available to many researches in the field. This book provides a compilation of original research articles and comprehensive reviews covering important and up to date aspects of research on nanobodies and their applications for immunoassays, proteomics, protein crystallization and in vitro and in vivo imaging.
Bacillus anthracis --- immunoassay --- single-domain antibody --- genetic fusion --- Beta galactosidase --- P-type ATPase --- nanobody --- llama --- Zinc-transport --- Zinc-transporting P-ATPase --- ZntA --- TNF --- fluorescent --- nanobodies --- sensor --- anti-cytokine therapy --- autoimmune disease --- Western equine encephalitis virus --- MagPlex --- toxin --- antibody --- camelid --- vaccine --- biodefense --- hydrogen exchange-mass spectrometry --- virus --- formatting --- Fc-domain --- half-life --- ischemia --- stroke --- MCAO --- single domain antibodies --- phage display --- intrabody --- intracellular antibody --- GTPase RHO --- BRET --- RAS --- chromobodies --- live-cell imaging --- compound screening --- cellular models --- single-domain antibody fragments --- molecular imaging --- molecular therapy --- nuclear imaging --- targeted fluorescence imaging --- intraoperative imaging --- Nanobody --- Single Domain Antibody --- Cancer --- Immunotherapy --- Imaging --- influenza --- influenza B virus --- hemagglutinin --- single domain antibody --- NanobodyTM --- yeast display --- epitope mapping --- GFP --- C. elegans --- development --- drosophila --- zebrafish --- targeted photodynamic therapy --- hepatocyte growth factor receptor --- HGFR --- c-Met --- Met --- VHH --- photosensitizer --- single-domain antibodies --- neurodegenerative diseases --- brain imaging --- blood–brain barrier --- delivery --- Aids --- HIV --- Llama Antibodies --- bi-specific VHH --- pepscan --- competition studies --- co-crystallisation --- n/a --- blood-brain barrier
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Nanobodies have become outstanding tools for biomedical research, diagnostics and therapy. Recent advances in the identification and functionalization of target-specific nanobodies now make nanobody-based approaches broadly available to many researches in the field. This book provides a compilation of original research articles and comprehensive reviews covering important and up to date aspects of research on nanobodies and their applications for immunoassays, proteomics, protein crystallization and in vitro and in vivo imaging.
Medicine --- Bacillus anthracis --- immunoassay --- single-domain antibody --- genetic fusion --- Beta galactosidase --- P-type ATPase --- nanobody --- llama --- Zinc-transport --- Zinc-transporting P-ATPase --- ZntA --- TNF --- fluorescent --- nanobodies --- sensor --- anti-cytokine therapy --- autoimmune disease --- Western equine encephalitis virus --- MagPlex --- toxin --- antibody --- camelid --- vaccine --- biodefense --- hydrogen exchange-mass spectrometry --- virus --- formatting --- Fc-domain --- half-life --- ischemia --- stroke --- MCAO --- single domain antibodies --- phage display --- intrabody --- intracellular antibody --- GTPase RHO --- BRET --- RAS --- chromobodies --- live-cell imaging --- compound screening --- cellular models --- single-domain antibody fragments --- molecular imaging --- molecular therapy --- nuclear imaging --- targeted fluorescence imaging --- intraoperative imaging --- Nanobody --- Single Domain Antibody --- Cancer --- Immunotherapy --- Imaging --- influenza --- influenza B virus --- hemagglutinin --- single domain antibody --- NanobodyTM --- yeast display --- epitope mapping --- GFP --- C. elegans --- development --- drosophila --- zebrafish --- targeted photodynamic therapy --- hepatocyte growth factor receptor --- HGFR --- c-Met --- Met --- VHH --- photosensitizer --- single-domain antibodies --- neurodegenerative diseases --- brain imaging --- blood-brain barrier --- delivery --- Aids --- HIV --- Llama Antibodies --- bi-specific VHH --- pepscan --- competition studies --- co-crystallisation
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Proteins represent one of the most abundant classes of biological macromolecules and play crucial roles in a vast array of physiological and pathological processes. The knowledge of the 3D structure of a protein, as well as the possible conformational transitions occurring upon interaction with diverse ligands, are essential to fully comprehend its biological function.In addition to globular, well-folded proteins, over the past few years, intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) have received a lot of attention. IDPs are usually aggregation-prone and may form toxic amyloid fibers and oligomers associated with several human pathologies. Peptides are smaller in size than proteins but similarly represent key elements of cells. A few peptides are able to work as tumor markers and find applications in the diagnostic and therapeutic fields. The conformational analysis of bioactive peptides is important to design novel potential drugs acting as selective modulators of specific receptors or enzymes. Nevertheless, synthetic peptides reproducing different protein fragments have frequently been implemented as model systems in folding studies relying on structural investigations in water and/or other environments.This book contains contributions (seven original research articles and five reviews published in the journal Molecules) on the above-described topics and, in detail, it includes structural studies on globular folded proteins, IDPs and bioactive peptides. These works were conducted usingdifferent experimental methods.
Research & information: general --- mass spectrometric epitope mapping --- gas phase immune complex dissociation --- apparent gas phase dissociation constants --- apparent gas phase activation energies --- ITEM-TWO --- native mass spectrometry --- TRIOBP --- cancer --- deafness --- hearing loss --- mental illness --- schizophrenia --- actin --- cytoskeleton --- disordered structure --- protein aggregation --- solid-state NMR --- ELDOR-detected NMR --- ATP hydrolysis --- ATP analogues --- DnaB helicase --- ABC transporter --- biopesticides --- antifungal activity --- insecticidal activity --- mechanism of action --- transgenic crops --- protein folding --- NMR --- High Hydrostatic Pressure --- ACE2 --- viral spike receptor-binding domain --- SARS-CoV-2 --- transmission --- bioinformatics --- IDP 1 --- binding 2 --- molecular dynamics 3 --- MELD×MD 4 --- advanced sampling 5 --- p53 6 --- MDM2 7 --- NAD(P)H-dependent oxidoreductase --- zinc-containing alcohol dehydrogenase --- cofactor binding and release --- interdomain cleft dynamics --- molecular dynamics simulations --- denatured state ensemble --- protein coil library --- peptides --- intrinsically disordered proteins --- ion-pairing interaction --- side-chain length --- charged amino acids --- β-hairpin --- peptide --- Friedman’s test --- backbone atom coordinate variances and uncertainties --- superimposition --- nanobody --- protein structure --- immunoglobulin domain --- n/a --- Friedman's test
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Since first receiving approval in 1986, antibody-based therapeutics have been the most successful modality for the treatment of various diseases. This Special Issue of IJMS, “Recent Advances in Antibody Therapeutics”, presents leading-edge articles and reviews for discovery, development, and clinical applications of therapeutic antibodies, covering antibody drug conjugates (ADCs), GPCR-targeting antibodies, a functional antibody screening, bioassay of bispecific antibodies, antibody applications for cardiovascular diseases, antibody delivery to CNS, etc. The excellent studies in this Special Issue would valuable insight for scientists and clinicians in the field of therapeutic antibodies
Research & information: general --- Chemistry --- interleukin 33 --- ST2 receptor --- scFv --- C2_2E12 --- bladder cancer --- antibodies --- immune checkpoint inhibitors --- antibody-drug conjugates --- sacituzumab govitecan --- enfortumab vedotin --- erdafitinib --- cost-effectiveness --- G protein-coupled receptor --- membrane protein --- antigen --- therapeutic antibody --- anti-angiogenesis --- delta-like ligand --- irinotecan --- paclitaxel --- VEGF --- SARS-CoV-2 --- spike protein --- receptor-binding domain --- phage display --- monoclonal antibody --- cytomegalovirus --- peptide/major histocompatibility complex class I complex --- T-cell-receptor-like antibody --- affinity maturation --- yeast surface display --- combinatorial antibody library --- agonist antibody --- cell fate --- bispecific antibodies --- bioassays --- mechanisms of action --- binding assays --- potency assays --- atherosclerosis --- inflammation --- antibody therapy --- blood–brain barrier --- antibody --- pharmacokinetics --- disposition --- biochemical and physicochemical properties --- Fc binding --- receptor-mediated transcytosis --- brain shuttle --- molecular Trojan horse --- transferrin --- anti-cancer antibody --- antibody engineering --- biophysical properties --- computational methods --- research cell bank --- antibody therapeutics --- recombinant antibodies --- intracellular antibodies --- single-chain antibody fragment --- nanobody --- Human papillomaviruses --- HPV oncoproteins --- HPV-associated cancer --- HPV cancer therapy --- asthma --- refractory asthma --- biomarker --- n/a --- blood-brain barrier
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Proteins represent one of the most abundant classes of biological macromolecules and play crucial roles in a vast array of physiological and pathological processes. The knowledge of the 3D structure of a protein, as well as the possible conformational transitions occurring upon interaction with diverse ligands, are essential to fully comprehend its biological function.In addition to globular, well-folded proteins, over the past few years, intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) have received a lot of attention. IDPs are usually aggregation-prone and may form toxic amyloid fibers and oligomers associated with several human pathologies. Peptides are smaller in size than proteins but similarly represent key elements of cells. A few peptides are able to work as tumor markers and find applications in the diagnostic and therapeutic fields. The conformational analysis of bioactive peptides is important to design novel potential drugs acting as selective modulators of specific receptors or enzymes. Nevertheless, synthetic peptides reproducing different protein fragments have frequently been implemented as model systems in folding studies relying on structural investigations in water and/or other environments.This book contains contributions (seven original research articles and five reviews published in the journal Molecules) on the above-described topics and, in detail, it includes structural studies on globular folded proteins, IDPs and bioactive peptides. These works were conducted usingdifferent experimental methods.
mass spectrometric epitope mapping --- gas phase immune complex dissociation --- apparent gas phase dissociation constants --- apparent gas phase activation energies --- ITEM-TWO --- native mass spectrometry --- TRIOBP --- cancer --- deafness --- hearing loss --- mental illness --- schizophrenia --- actin --- cytoskeleton --- disordered structure --- protein aggregation --- solid-state NMR --- ELDOR-detected NMR --- ATP hydrolysis --- ATP analogues --- DnaB helicase --- ABC transporter --- biopesticides --- antifungal activity --- insecticidal activity --- mechanism of action --- transgenic crops --- protein folding --- NMR --- High Hydrostatic Pressure --- ACE2 --- viral spike receptor-binding domain --- SARS-CoV-2 --- transmission --- bioinformatics --- IDP 1 --- binding 2 --- molecular dynamics 3 --- MELD×MD 4 --- advanced sampling 5 --- p53 6 --- MDM2 7 --- NAD(P)H-dependent oxidoreductase --- zinc-containing alcohol dehydrogenase --- cofactor binding and release --- interdomain cleft dynamics --- molecular dynamics simulations --- denatured state ensemble --- protein coil library --- peptides --- intrinsically disordered proteins --- ion-pairing interaction --- side-chain length --- charged amino acids --- β-hairpin --- peptide --- Friedman’s test --- backbone atom coordinate variances and uncertainties --- superimposition --- nanobody --- protein structure --- immunoglobulin domain --- n/a --- Friedman's test
Choose an application
Since first receiving approval in 1986, antibody-based therapeutics have been the most successful modality for the treatment of various diseases. This Special Issue of IJMS, “Recent Advances in Antibody Therapeutics”, presents leading-edge articles and reviews for discovery, development, and clinical applications of therapeutic antibodies, covering antibody drug conjugates (ADCs), GPCR-targeting antibodies, a functional antibody screening, bioassay of bispecific antibodies, antibody applications for cardiovascular diseases, antibody delivery to CNS, etc. The excellent studies in this Special Issue would valuable insight for scientists and clinicians in the field of therapeutic antibodies
interleukin 33 --- ST2 receptor --- scFv --- C2_2E12 --- bladder cancer --- antibodies --- immune checkpoint inhibitors --- antibody-drug conjugates --- sacituzumab govitecan --- enfortumab vedotin --- erdafitinib --- cost-effectiveness --- G protein-coupled receptor --- membrane protein --- antigen --- therapeutic antibody --- anti-angiogenesis --- delta-like ligand --- irinotecan --- paclitaxel --- VEGF --- SARS-CoV-2 --- spike protein --- receptor-binding domain --- phage display --- monoclonal antibody --- cytomegalovirus --- peptide/major histocompatibility complex class I complex --- T-cell-receptor-like antibody --- affinity maturation --- yeast surface display --- combinatorial antibody library --- agonist antibody --- cell fate --- bispecific antibodies --- bioassays --- mechanisms of action --- binding assays --- potency assays --- atherosclerosis --- inflammation --- antibody therapy --- blood–brain barrier --- antibody --- pharmacokinetics --- disposition --- biochemical and physicochemical properties --- Fc binding --- receptor-mediated transcytosis --- brain shuttle --- molecular Trojan horse --- transferrin --- anti-cancer antibody --- antibody engineering --- biophysical properties --- computational methods --- research cell bank --- antibody therapeutics --- recombinant antibodies --- intracellular antibodies --- single-chain antibody fragment --- nanobody --- Human papillomaviruses --- HPV oncoproteins --- HPV-associated cancer --- HPV cancer therapy --- asthma --- refractory asthma --- biomarker --- n/a --- blood-brain barrier
Choose an application
Since first receiving approval in 1986, antibody-based therapeutics have been the most successful modality for the treatment of various diseases. This Special Issue of IJMS, “Recent Advances in Antibody Therapeutics”, presents leading-edge articles and reviews for discovery, development, and clinical applications of therapeutic antibodies, covering antibody drug conjugates (ADCs), GPCR-targeting antibodies, a functional antibody screening, bioassay of bispecific antibodies, antibody applications for cardiovascular diseases, antibody delivery to CNS, etc. The excellent studies in this Special Issue would valuable insight for scientists and clinicians in the field of therapeutic antibodies
Research & information: general --- Chemistry --- interleukin 33 --- ST2 receptor --- scFv --- C2_2E12 --- bladder cancer --- antibodies --- immune checkpoint inhibitors --- antibody-drug conjugates --- sacituzumab govitecan --- enfortumab vedotin --- erdafitinib --- cost-effectiveness --- G protein-coupled receptor --- membrane protein --- antigen --- therapeutic antibody --- anti-angiogenesis --- delta-like ligand --- irinotecan --- paclitaxel --- VEGF --- SARS-CoV-2 --- spike protein --- receptor-binding domain --- phage display --- monoclonal antibody --- cytomegalovirus --- peptide/major histocompatibility complex class I complex --- T-cell-receptor-like antibody --- affinity maturation --- yeast surface display --- combinatorial antibody library --- agonist antibody --- cell fate --- bispecific antibodies --- bioassays --- mechanisms of action --- binding assays --- potency assays --- atherosclerosis --- inflammation --- antibody therapy --- blood-brain barrier --- antibody --- pharmacokinetics --- disposition --- biochemical and physicochemical properties --- Fc binding --- receptor-mediated transcytosis --- brain shuttle --- molecular Trojan horse --- transferrin --- anti-cancer antibody --- antibody engineering --- biophysical properties --- computational methods --- research cell bank --- antibody therapeutics --- recombinant antibodies --- intracellular antibodies --- single-chain antibody fragment --- nanobody --- Human papillomaviruses --- HPV oncoproteins --- HPV-associated cancer --- HPV cancer therapy --- asthma --- refractory asthma --- biomarker
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