Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

This book compiles the Special Issue of Applied Sciences, entitled “Application of Biology to Cultural Heritage”, and aims to cover all the latest outstanding progress on the biological and biochemical methods developed and applied to cultural heritage.Eleven excellent papers (including both reviews and full research articles) form part of this book and each paper went through a hard and demanding review in order to ensure maximum quality. We do thank all the reviewers for their efforts which are so crucial for the improvement of the now-published papers. In the field of cultural heritage, biodiversity and biodeterioration have received a great deal of research attention in recent years. This book intends to provide a comprehensive examination of the science of biology in various fields and areas, as well as its practical application for the preservation of cultural heritage. Full research articles and reviews on all aspects of biological causes, modes of action, biocidal treatments, and the protection of cultural heritage are here presented, as well as long-term studies on the biodeterioration of cultural heritage sites and monuments.Analyses and tests of macro- and micro-organisms affecting the preservation of cultural heritage are also addressed.The knowledge that has arisen from the papers published on the studies on new techniques and new products applied to the field of cultural heritage may now be translated into new conservation and restoration treatments in similar objects, sites and supports. This was the main goal and it was achieved in a mission that we carried out with great pleasure and dedication.

Research & information: general --- Biology, life sciences --- Biochemistry --- cultural heritage --- biodeterioration --- biodiversity of microorganisms --- stone surfaces --- historical sandstone --- next-generation sequencing --- metal --- conservation --- cleaning --- hydrogels --- organogels --- bio-solvents --- biofilm --- microbial community --- algae --- cyanobacteria --- fungi --- bacteria --- next generation sequencing --- granite --- Trentepohlia --- deteriorative action --- enzymatic activity --- Nanhai No. 1 shipwreck --- cinnamaldehyde --- antimicrobial activity --- biodegradation --- built cultural heritage --- cityscape --- laboratory and field analysis --- maintenance plan --- mortar --- Parietaria judaica --- schist --- urban area --- weed control --- biocleaning --- bioconsolidation --- biocalcification --- biopolymers --- carbonatogenic bacteria --- MICP --- microorganisms --- stone restoration --- marble decay --- dark discoloration --- stone microbiota --- black fungi --- cultural heritage conservation --- multifunctional coating --- stone biodeterioration --- biofilms --- biocide --- zosteric sodium salt --- 2-mercaptobenzothiazole --- silica nanosystems --- phellem --- birch bark --- decay --- light microscopy --- transmission electron microscopy --- archaeology --- ice patch --- waterlogged --- stained glass --- glazed tiles --- biodiversity --- laboratory experiments --- cultural heritage --- biodeterioration --- biodiversity of microorganisms --- stone surfaces --- historical sandstone --- next-generation sequencing --- metal --- conservation --- cleaning --- hydrogels --- organogels --- bio-solvents --- biofilm --- microbial community --- algae --- cyanobacteria --- fungi --- bacteria --- next generation sequencing --- granite --- Trentepohlia --- deteriorative action --- enzymatic activity --- Nanhai No. 1 shipwreck --- cinnamaldehyde --- antimicrobial activity --- biodegradation --- built cultural heritage --- cityscape --- laboratory and field analysis --- maintenance plan --- mortar --- Parietaria judaica --- schist --- urban area --- weed control --- biocleaning --- bioconsolidation --- biocalcification --- biopolymers --- carbonatogenic bacteria --- MICP --- microorganisms --- stone restoration --- marble decay --- dark discoloration --- stone microbiota --- black fungi --- cultural heritage conservation --- multifunctional coating --- stone biodeterioration --- biofilms --- biocide --- zosteric sodium salt --- 2-mercaptobenzothiazole --- silica nanosystems --- phellem --- birch bark --- decay --- light microscopy --- transmission electron microscopy --- archaeology --- ice patch --- waterlogged --- stained glass --- glazed tiles --- biodiversity --- laboratory experiments

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

This book compiles the Special Issue of Applied Sciences, entitled “Application of Biology to Cultural Heritage”, and aims to cover all the latest outstanding progress on the biological and biochemical methods developed and applied to cultural heritage.Eleven excellent papers (including both reviews and full research articles) form part of this book and each paper went through a hard and demanding review in order to ensure maximum quality. We do thank all the reviewers for their efforts which are so crucial for the improvement of the now-published papers. In the field of cultural heritage, biodiversity and biodeterioration have received a great deal of research attention in recent years. This book intends to provide a comprehensive examination of the science of biology in various fields and areas, as well as its practical application for the preservation of cultural heritage. Full research articles and reviews on all aspects of biological causes, modes of action, biocidal treatments, and the protection of cultural heritage are here presented, as well as long-term studies on the biodeterioration of cultural heritage sites and monuments.Analyses and tests of macro- and micro-organisms affecting the preservation of cultural heritage are also addressed.The knowledge that has arisen from the papers published on the studies on new techniques and new products applied to the field of cultural heritage may now be translated into new conservation and restoration treatments in similar objects, sites and supports. This was the main goal and it was achieved in a mission that we carried out with great pleasure and dedication.

cultural heritage --- biodeterioration --- biodiversity of microorganisms --- stone surfaces --- historical sandstone --- next-generation sequencing --- metal --- conservation --- cleaning --- hydrogels --- organogels --- bio-solvents --- biofilm --- microbial community --- algae --- cyanobacteria --- fungi --- bacteria --- next generation sequencing --- granite --- Trentepohlia --- deteriorative action --- enzymatic activity --- Nanhai No. 1 shipwreck --- cinnamaldehyde --- antimicrobial activity --- biodegradation --- built cultural heritage --- cityscape --- laboratory and field analysis --- maintenance plan --- mortar --- Parietaria judaica --- schist --- urban area --- weed control --- biocleaning --- bioconsolidation --- biocalcification --- biopolymers --- carbonatogenic bacteria --- MICP --- microorganisms --- stone restoration --- marble decay --- dark discoloration --- stone microbiota --- black fungi --- cultural heritage conservation --- multifunctional coating --- stone biodeterioration --- biofilms --- biocide --- zosteric sodium salt --- 2-mercaptobenzothiazole --- silica nanosystems --- phellem --- birch bark --- decay --- light microscopy --- transmission electron microscopy --- archaeology --- ice patch --- waterlogged --- stained glass --- glazed tiles --- biodiversity --- laboratory experiments --- n/a

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

Cultural heritage plays a key role in understanding the history of humankind; therefore, the adoption of appropriate strategies for its conservation is essential. Microorganisms, such as bacteria, fungi and microalgae, which are usually organized on the surface in microbial communities as “biofilms”, can cause serious problems in the conservation of cultural heritage, making the adoption of prevention and conservation strategies a critical issue. This editorial focuses on studies published within the present Special Issue that present advances in the field of the biodeterioration of cultural heritage caused by microbial communities, with a particular focus on new methods for their elimination and control.

Research & information: general --- phototrophic biofilms --- show caves --- biological control --- bacteria --- cyanobacteria --- amoeba --- Nanhai No.1 shipwreck --- wood lacquers --- fungi --- high-throughput sequencing --- carboxymethyl cellulose activity --- biocides --- microbial community --- biodeterioration --- MinION approach --- SEM --- aDNA --- animal --- plant --- cultural heritage conservation --- eco-friendly biocides --- ecology of biodeterioration --- mural paintings --- stone biodeterioration --- cultural heritage --- biofilm --- biodeteriogens --- antifouling --- ionic liquids --- green conservation --- SMART conservation --- biofilms --- phyto-derivative --- liquorice --- lavender --- PAM --- green microalgae --- diatoms --- Alhambra --- Generalife --- conservation --- information modelling --- stone fountains --- air quality --- museum --- next-generation sequencing --- PCR amplicon --- terpenoid varnishes --- painting --- GC-MS --- MDS --- microbiome --- biochemical processes --- nitrogen cycle --- sulfur cycle --- acidic attack --- stone and rock --- antimicrobial activity --- canvas painting biodeterioration --- cleaning procedure --- contactless test --- control --- plant essential oils --- volatile components --- bio-desalination --- biocleaning --- nitrate --- granite pavement --- essential oil --- hydro-alcoholic extract --- plant products --- green strategy --- microorganisms --- phototrophic biofilms --- show caves --- biological control --- bacteria --- cyanobacteria --- amoeba --- Nanhai No.1 shipwreck --- wood lacquers --- fungi --- high-throughput sequencing --- carboxymethyl cellulose activity --- biocides --- microbial community --- biodeterioration --- MinION approach --- SEM --- aDNA --- animal --- plant --- cultural heritage conservation --- eco-friendly biocides --- ecology of biodeterioration --- mural paintings --- stone biodeterioration --- cultural heritage --- biofilm --- biodeteriogens --- antifouling --- ionic liquids --- green conservation --- SMART conservation --- biofilms --- phyto-derivative --- liquorice --- lavender --- PAM --- green microalgae --- diatoms --- Alhambra --- Generalife --- conservation --- information modelling --- stone fountains --- air quality --- museum --- next-generation sequencing --- PCR amplicon --- terpenoid varnishes --- painting --- GC-MS --- MDS --- microbiome --- biochemical processes --- nitrogen cycle --- sulfur cycle --- acidic attack --- stone and rock --- antimicrobial activity --- canvas painting biodeterioration --- cleaning procedure --- contactless test --- control --- plant essential oils --- volatile components --- bio-desalination --- biocleaning --- nitrate --- granite pavement --- essential oil --- hydro-alcoholic extract --- plant products --- green strategy --- microorganisms

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

This book is a selection of manuscripts devoted to the conservation and preservation of wooden cultural heritage. The articles present the new methods for conservation of various historical wooden artefacts, reliable modern techniques for characterisation of the wood structure, properties and degree of degradation, and discusses problems and doubts related to all aspects of conservation and re-conservation of wooden cultural heritage. It contains both review and research papers to give the readers a broader picture of the problems and issues related to the conservation of wooden historical objects and structures. We need to remember that wooden cultural heritage is an integral part of our culture and history that define our humanity. We are obliged to protect it, save it from oblivion, and preserve it for future generations.

X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) --- X-ray diffraction (XRD) --- dynamic vapor sorption (DVS) --- archaeological wood --- wood conservation and preservation --- piles --- waterlogged wood --- soft rot --- decay --- microscopy --- degraded wood --- silane --- FT-IR --- alkoxysilanes --- wood-silane interactions --- wood stabilisation --- wood conservation --- silane treatment --- reliquary --- electron microscopy --- wood --- restoration --- halloysite nanotubes --- Nanhai No. 1 shipwreck --- waterlogged archaeological wood (WAW) --- wood properties --- microbial composition --- gap-fillers --- gap-filling materials --- wooden artefacts --- wood exposed outdoors --- microballoons --- resins --- glass beads --- cellulose powder --- binders --- hygrothermal performance --- timber buildings --- cultural heritage --- numerical simulations --- monitoring and sensors --- climate models --- fungi identification --- mold growth modelling --- soda lignin --- penetration --- infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) --- pyrolysis gas chromatography mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS) --- scanning electron microscopy (SEM) --- historical wood --- wood degradation --- artefact --- heritage --- conservation --- cultural conservator --- consolidation --- sorption --- degradation --- drying --- PEG --- alum --- reburial --- in situ preservation --- medieval shipwreck --- charred wood --- chemical analysis --- EDS --- FTIR --- XRD --- proximate analysis --- PEG treatment --- acetic acid --- volatile emissions --- GC–MS --- marine archaeological wood --- moisture content --- polyethylene glycol --- computational modelling --- Mary Rose --- predictive model --- archaeological wooden structures --- structural analysis --- geodetic systems --- drying process --- heritage wood --- sustainability --- bio-based polymers --- consolidants