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Theory of knowledge --- Neo-kantianism. --- Néo-kantisme --- Néokantisme --- Néo-kantisme --- Néokantisme.

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Neo-kantianism --- History --- Néo-kantisme --- Histoire --- Philosophy --- Philosophie --- Néo-kantisme

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Marburg school of philosophy --- Neo-kantianism --- Ecole de Marburg --- Néo-kantisme --- Néo-kantisme --- Political science --- Science politique --- Philosophy --- Philosophie

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Frederick C. Beiser tells the story of the emergence of neo-Kantianism from the late 1790s until the 1880s. He focuses on neo-Kantianism before official or familiar neo-Kantianism, i.e., before the formation of the various schools of neo-Kantianism in the 1880s and 1890s (which included the Marburg school, the Southwestern school, and the Göttingen school). Beiser argues that the source of neo-Kantianism lies in three crucial but neglected figures: Jakob Friedrich Fries, Johann Friedrich Herbart, and Friedrich Eduard Beneke, who together form what he calls 'the lost tradition'. They are the first neo-Kantians because they defended Kant's limits on knowledge against the excesses of speculative idealism, because they upheld Kant's dualisms against their many critics, and because they adhered to Kant's transcendental idealism. Much of this book is devoted to an explanation for the rise of neo-Kantianism. Beiser contends that it became a greater force in the decades from 1840 to 1860 in response to three major developments in German culture: the collapse of speculative idealism; the materialism controversy; and the identity crisis of philosophy. As he goes on to argue, after the 1860s neo-Kantianism became a major philosophical force because of its response to two later cultural developments: the rise of pessimism and Darwinism.

History of philosophy --- anno 1800-1899 --- anno 1700-1799 --- Germany --- Neo-kantianism. --- Philosophy, Modern --- Néo-kantisme --- Philosophie --- Kant, Immanuel, --- Influence --- Néo-kantisme --- Influence.

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Wilhelm Windelband (1848-1915) est le fondateur de l'école de Heidelberg, l'autre grand courant néokantien qui apparaît au même moment que l'école de Marbourg, et dont Heinrich Rickert et Emil Lask furent des représentants éminents. C'est Windelband qui pose les fondements de la philosophie des valeurs qui caractérise le néokantisme de Heidelberg. Ce volume présente un choix d'opuscules qui relèvent essentiellement de la philosophie de la connaissance, fondement de toute investigation philosophique pour les néokantiens. C'est en effet sur une analyse logique des processus cognitifs que sont fondées non seulement l'assimilation de la vérité à une valeur - sans pour autant que la vérité se dissolve, car Windelband et les autres membres de son école cherchent à fonder la transcendance de la valeur et donc à sauvegarder la vérité comme telle -, mais aussi la théorie de la science qui distingue la méthode " nomothétique " des sciences exactes de la méthode " idiographique " propre à l'histoire.

Neo-kantianism --- Knowledge, Theory of --- Néo-kantisme --- Théorie de la connaissance --- History --- Histoire --- Néo-kantisme --- Théorie de la connaissance --- Philosophie