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"There is a need for a paradigm shift in our thinking about the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis." Challenging Charcot’s hypothesis that inflammatory response is the primary contributor to demyelination, Dr. Rodriguez and colleagues take a fresh, bold look at the causes and possible treatments of MS. Assuming oligodendrocyte injury as a prerequisite to MS, the authors explore viruses, toxins and genetic defects as possible culprits. They present novel methods to interrupt and reverse demyelination. This book examines the correlation between axonal loss and clinical deficits, including the implied role of the CD8+ T cell and perforin. It assesses proteases, specifically, kallikrein 6, which are strongly associated with active demyelination. By directing natural autoantibodies against oligodendrocytes that demonstrate remyelination in animal models, the authors envision clinical trials for remyelination enhancement. As internationally recognized specialists in a wide range of MS disciplines, the authors explore genetic tools for identifying patients who are most likely to experience spontaneous remyelination. Epidemiology studies offer additional avenues of treatment. Examples include uric acid, statin drugs, estrogen and progesterone. MS affects nearly 400,000 people in the United States, many of whom are between18 and 40 years of age. With their novel, multifaceted approach to basic science—and their applications in understanding cause and treatment—the authors offer help to clinicians and hope to patients.

Multiple sclerosis --- Demyelination. --- Myelination. --- Etiology. --- Myelin sheath formation --- Myelinization --- Myelinogenesis --- Demyelination --- Myelin sheath --- Myelination --- Nervous system --- MS (Disease) --- Sclerosis, Multiple --- Virus diseases --- Diseases --- Neurology. --- Immunology. --- Immunobiology --- Life sciences --- Serology --- Medicine --- Neuropsychiatry --- Neurology .

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This book presents recent topics on the development, differentiation, and myelination of Schwann cells, as well as pathological mechanisms and therapeutic approaches for peripheral neuropathies, such as Charcot–Marie–Tooth diseases, amyloid polyneuropathy, immune-mediated neuropathy, and diabetic neuropathy. The rapid progress of molecular biological techniques in the last decades, especially for RNA techniques and gene modification technologies, have allowed us to investigate the pathobiology of Schwann cells in vivo and in vitro. Studies combining recent stem cell biology with recent biotechnology, which is now closely linked to physicochemical fields, further explain how Schwann cell lineages develop, a process that has long been thought to be very complicated in vivo. The findings contribute to the elucidation of fundamental mechanisms during development and under pathological conditions. We now know that these are closely tied to each other. This book also introduces unique coculture systems to reproduce the neuron–Schwann cell interplay during development, degeneration, and regeneration. Up-to-date research topics with high-quality immunofluorescence and electron micrographs introduced by young and energetic contributors are sure to arouse the readers' interest in Schwann cell biology. Discussion from the viewpoint of basic and clinical neuroscience makes the book educational for researchers, medical students, and young clinicians.

Biomedicine. --- Myelin sheath -- Diseases. --- Myelination. --- Neuroglia. --- Schwann cells -- Physiology. --- Neuroglia --- Medicine --- Biological Science Disciplines --- Neuromuscular Diseases --- Nervous System Diseases --- Natural Science Disciplines --- Health Occupations --- Nervous System --- Disciplines and Occupations --- Diseases --- Anatomy --- Physiology --- Schwann Cells --- Peripheral Nervous System Diseases --- Pathology --- Health & Biological Sciences --- Neurology --- Myelin sheath --- Neurosciences. --- Neurology. --- Neurobiology. --- Diseases. --- Neural sciences --- Neurological sciences --- Neuroscience --- Myelin sheath formation --- Myelinization --- Myelinogenesis --- Medicine. --- Neurosciences --- Nervous system --- Neuropsychiatry --- Medical sciences --- Demyelination --- Neurology .