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Induction of Central Nervous System Disease by the Adaptive Immune Response
Authors: ---
Year: 2017 Publisher: Frontiers Media SA

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Abstract

Over the last years it has become evident that many neurological diseases of the central nervous system (CNS) are induced by a specific adaptive immune response directed against molecules expressed on CNS-resident cells. Well-recognized examples are anti-N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptor (NMDAR) encephalitis which is characterized by the presence of antibodies against neuron-expressed NMDAR, or neuromyelitis optica (NMO), induced by antibodies to astrocyte-expressed aquaporin-4. Many more examples exist, and antibodies, and T or/and B cells have increasingly been associated with CNS disease. Often the symptoms of these diseases have not been typically reported to have an immune aetiology. Beside classical neurological symptoms like ataxia, vision disturbance, and motor or sensory symptoms, these can include cognitive disturbances, behavioral abnormalities, or/and epileptic seizures. Although much has been learned regarding the pathophysiology of prototypic examples of these disorders, there are still major gaps in our understanding of their biology. This may be due to the fact that they are rare diseases, and their therapies are still very limited. This research topic includes contributions addressing the analysis of the adaptive immune response driving disease including target antigens, molecular epitope mapping, and factors involved in the disease pathogenesis such as complement activation cascades, genetic and genomic regulation, as well as environmental triggers. Diagnostic criteria and methods, and treatment are also discussed. The overall aim of the volume is to review progress in our pathophysiological understanding of immune-mediated CNS disorders in order to advance diagnostic and therapeutic approaches, and ultimately improve outcomes for patients.


Book
Induction of Central Nervous System Disease by the Adaptive Immune Response
Authors: ---
Year: 2017 Publisher: Frontiers Media SA

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Abstract

Over the last years it has become evident that many neurological diseases of the central nervous system (CNS) are induced by a specific adaptive immune response directed against molecules expressed on CNS-resident cells. Well-recognized examples are anti-N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptor (NMDAR) encephalitis which is characterized by the presence of antibodies against neuron-expressed NMDAR, or neuromyelitis optica (NMO), induced by antibodies to astrocyte-expressed aquaporin-4. Many more examples exist, and antibodies, and T or/and B cells have increasingly been associated with CNS disease. Often the symptoms of these diseases have not been typically reported to have an immune aetiology. Beside classical neurological symptoms like ataxia, vision disturbance, and motor or sensory symptoms, these can include cognitive disturbances, behavioral abnormalities, or/and epileptic seizures. Although much has been learned regarding the pathophysiology of prototypic examples of these disorders, there are still major gaps in our understanding of their biology. This may be due to the fact that they are rare diseases, and their therapies are still very limited. This research topic includes contributions addressing the analysis of the adaptive immune response driving disease including target antigens, molecular epitope mapping, and factors involved in the disease pathogenesis such as complement activation cascades, genetic and genomic regulation, as well as environmental triggers. Diagnostic criteria and methods, and treatment are also discussed. The overall aim of the volume is to review progress in our pathophysiological understanding of immune-mediated CNS disorders in order to advance diagnostic and therapeutic approaches, and ultimately improve outcomes for patients.


Book
Induction of Central Nervous System Disease by the Adaptive Immune Response
Authors: ---
Year: 2017 Publisher: Frontiers Media SA

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Bookmark

Abstract

Over the last years it has become evident that many neurological diseases of the central nervous system (CNS) are induced by a specific adaptive immune response directed against molecules expressed on CNS-resident cells. Well-recognized examples are anti-N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptor (NMDAR) encephalitis which is characterized by the presence of antibodies against neuron-expressed NMDAR, or neuromyelitis optica (NMO), induced by antibodies to astrocyte-expressed aquaporin-4. Many more examples exist, and antibodies, and T or/and B cells have increasingly been associated with CNS disease. Often the symptoms of these diseases have not been typically reported to have an immune aetiology. Beside classical neurological symptoms like ataxia, vision disturbance, and motor or sensory symptoms, these can include cognitive disturbances, behavioral abnormalities, or/and epileptic seizures. Although much has been learned regarding the pathophysiology of prototypic examples of these disorders, there are still major gaps in our understanding of their biology. This may be due to the fact that they are rare diseases, and their therapies are still very limited. This research topic includes contributions addressing the analysis of the adaptive immune response driving disease including target antigens, molecular epitope mapping, and factors involved in the disease pathogenesis such as complement activation cascades, genetic and genomic regulation, as well as environmental triggers. Diagnostic criteria and methods, and treatment are also discussed. The overall aim of the volume is to review progress in our pathophysiological understanding of immune-mediated CNS disorders in order to advance diagnostic and therapeutic approaches, and ultimately improve outcomes for patients.


Periodical
Multiple sclerosis journal - experimental, translational and clinical
ISSN: 20552173 Year: 2015 Publisher: [Thousand Oaks, CA] Sage Publications Ltd


Periodical
Trends in European multiple sclerosis research : proceedings of the European Committee for treatment and research in multiple sclerosis congress, Lyon, 3-5 September 1987
Authors: --- --- ---
ISBN: 0444809783 Year: 1988 Volume: vol 772 Publisher: Amsterdam New York Oxford Excerpta Medica


Periodical
Multiple sclerosis international.
ISSN: 20902654 20902662 Year: 2010 Publisher: [New York, NY] : Hindawi Publishing Corporation,


Book
Multiple sclerose : een boek voor mensen met multiple sclerose, familie, behandelaars en wetenschappers
Author:
ISBN: 9031325104 9789031325108 Year: 1999 Publisher: Houten Bohn Stafleu Van Loghum

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Abstract

Multiple sclerose heeft als chronische ziekte een enorme invloed op de kwaliteit van het leven van degenen die deze ziekte hebben en op hun directe omgeving. Voor deze groep en hun behandelaars is deze uitgave van groot belang. Goede informatie vergroot de mogelijkheid voor patiënten om de handicap die deze ziekte veroorzaakt te integreren. Ook voor degenen die zich bezighouden met wetenschappelijk onderzoek naar oorzaken en mogelijkheden van behandeling biedt deze uitgave belangrijke informatie over de eigenschappen van multiple sclerose en inzicht over het ontstaan van deze ziekte, voor zover bekend, en haar gevolgen. Deze tweede druk van het boek is geheel herschreven naar de huidige inzichten. Naast een overzicht van het huidige stand van zaken in het wetenschappelijk onderzoek geeft de uitgave een helder inzicht in epidemiologische, fysiologische, diagnostische en therapeutische aspecten. In deze druk ligt meer het accent op de psychosociale en maatschappelijke gevolgen fan het geval was bij de eerste druk die in 1988 voor het eerst verscheen. Zeer opvallend bij dit boek is de tweedeling per hoofdstuk in een 'lekendeel' en een 'professioneel' deel. IN het lekendeel wordt hoogwaardige informatie verschaft aan de patiënt en zijn direct omgeving. Een relatief nieuwe groep mondige chronische zieken, ofwel de zogenaamde 'professional patients' wordt hiermee uitvoerig bediend. Het professionele deel biedt informatie voor de clinicus practicus die hiermee diepgaande wetenschappelijke informatie aantreft die noodzakelijk is bij zijn medisch handelen. Het boek is rijk geïllustreerd.

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